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形容词和副词
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第一部分
近年各地关于形容词和副词的
高考试题分析
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1. This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
答案: A
分析: 多个形容词的排列: 冠词(物主代词、序数
词、基数词)---描绘性形容词---表示形状大小
的形容词---年龄或新旧方面的形容词-----表示颜
色、国籍、产地的形容词----表示材料、物质的
形容词----指用途或类别的形容词。
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2. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _______
Great Britain. (05 上海)
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of
答案:D
分析:表示倍数的形式:
1)A is three times as big as B
2) A is three times the size of B
3) A is three times bigger/larger than
B
3. It is generally believed that teaching is
___________it is a science.(01全国)
 A. an art much as
B. much an art as
 C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
 答案:D。
 分析:本题可从考查形容词的同级比较
点入手。在同级比较as…as句式中,如
果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的
名词前有不定冠词时,该冠词须置于形
容词之后,即形成“as + 形容词 + a /
an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。这道题在
名词专题中也有解析,不同的是观察视
角不同,应注意培养发散思维。
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4. Allen had to call a taxi because the
box was _______ to carry all the way
home. (03全国)
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A. much too heavy
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B. too much heavy
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C. heavy too much
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D. too heavy much
 答案:A
 分析:much too + 形容词或副词 ; too
much + 不可数名词 .
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5.Mr. Smith used to smoke _______
but he has given it up. (04天津)
 A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D.
hardly
 答案:B。
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分析:表示烟、雾、雨、雪一般用
heavy 或 heavily。此处指“烟瘾很
重”。
6.The great success of this program
has been ______ due to the support
given by the local businessmen. (04 广
东)
 A. rather B. very C. quickly D.
largely
 答案:D.
 分析:largely 很大程度上。用来修饰
形容词due 。 be due to 归公
于……; 由于/因为……。
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7.We were in _________ when we left
that we forgot the airline tickets. ( 03
上海)
 A. a rush so anxious
 B. a such anxious rush
 C. so an anxious rush
 D. such an anxious rush
 答案:D。
 分析:such a (an) +adj. +n. = so +adj.
+a (an) +n.
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8. If it is quite _______ to you, I will
visit you next Tuesday. ( 05 天津 )
 A. convenient
B. fair
 C. easy
D. comfortable
 答案:A
 分析:be convenient to… 对…… 是方
便的。
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9. The more I think about him, the
more reasons I find for loving him
______ I did.
( 05湖南)
 A. as much as B. as long as
 C. as soon as D. as far as
 答案:A
 分析:as much as 尽可能多地 ; as long
as 只要……就…… ; as soon as 一……
就…… ; as far as 就……而言 。
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10. It is always difficult being in a foreign
country, __________if you don’t speak the
language.(02全国)
 A. extremely
B. naturally
 C. basically
D. especially
 答案:D
 分析:本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌
握词语的准确含义,结合语境进行分析。
A项意为“极端地”;B项意为“自然地”;
C项“基本上”;D项“尤其,特别地”。
根据句意“如果你不会讲(它的)语言,
在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。
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第二部分
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形容词和副词的用法归纳
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1、形容词、副词的作用与位置
(1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180
feet high
(2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、
awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。如a man alive。
有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只
作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语
意为“bad”。
(3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、
some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等
时,通常后置。如:
I have something important to tell you.
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(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度
副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形
容词、副词时,必须后置。
(6)副词作定语,定语后置。如:
The person there is waiting for you.
(7)几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:
限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(大小)
+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color
(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材
料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名词。如:
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil
paintings
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(8)以-ly结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:
lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、
likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表愿意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:
deep深
wide宽广
high高
low位置低
deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地
位卑微
③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词:
dead完全,绝对be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相当be pretty certain that…
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、迟arrive late, come late
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2、复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词 + 名词 + ed
kind-hearted好心的,white-haired白发的
(2)形容词 + 形容词
red-hot炽热的,dark-blue深蓝的
(3)形容词 + 现在分词
good-looking好看的,easy-going随和的
(4)副词 + 现在分词
hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动
的
(5)副词 + 过去分词
hard-won得来不易的,newly-made新建的
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(6)名词 + 形容词
life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的
(7)名词 + 现在分词
peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑
的
(8)名词 + 过去分词
snow-covered白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的
(9)数词 + 名词 + ed
four-storeyed 4层楼的,three-legged 3条腿的
(10)数词 + 名词(名词用单数)
ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的
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3、形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)原级的构成和用法。
构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某
方面相等时,用“as + 原级形容词/副词 +
as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not
so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构;表
示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数 +
as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如:
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that
one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
(2)比较级的用法。
 ①对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较
级 + than”的结构表示。如:
 This picture is more beautiful than that one.
 ②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 +
than”的结构表示。如:
 This room is less beautiful than that one.
 ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比
较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、
a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如:
 He works even harder than before.
 注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,
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译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不
译出,一般不可有“更”。如:
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
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另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于
比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在
前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用
“the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语),the + 比
较级(主语 + 谓语)”的结构(意为
“越……越……”)。如:
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改
变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结
构。如:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
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⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替
than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior
(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、
senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦倍数表达法。(A)A is three(four, etc.)times the
size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的
四倍大(高)。The new bui9lding is four times the
size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大
三倍(高三倍)。(B)A is three(four, etc.)times as
big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as
Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。(C)A is three (four,
etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your
school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比
我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以
上,两倍可以用twice或double.
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(3)最高级的用法。
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①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用
“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有
表示比较范围的介词短语。如:
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、
almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、
nothing like等词语所修饰。如:
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not
nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the
biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
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③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、
extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能
用比较级。
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④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的
名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
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⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
如:
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
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(4)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级
前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,
不表比较,表示“非常”。如:
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。
如:
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比较级…,the + 比较级…”结构中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the
rich 等。
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(5)由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。
as much as + 不可数名词数量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to
invade the island.
④as far as远到;就……而知(论)
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know(就我所知),he has been there
before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
 Then you might as well stay with us here.
 ⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度,极
其
 They are as unreliable as they can be.他们
极其不可信。
 ⑦as … as one can
 He began to run, as fast as he could.
 ⑧as … as possible
 Just get them to finish up as quickly as
possible.
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(6)几组重要的词语辨析。
①very 和much的区别。
(A)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very
不用much。
(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very
frightened boy, a very tired child, a very
complicated problem, 一般的情况下,以ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much
/ greatly等修饰。如:We were greatly
shocked by the news about Tom. I was much
amused by Jack’s attitude。
(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。
如:very interesting / worrying / exciting。
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(D)too前用much或far,不用very。You are much
/ far / a lot too nice.另外,在too many / much,
too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little
opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far
too many eggs and far too few egg cups.
(E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结
构:(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词,一般不用very,
而用quite completely、well、entirely。如:quite
wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite
impossible、quite perfect等。(b)修饰以a-开头
的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone, very
much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much
afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be
well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite
different, terribly cold / frightening。
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②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …
so + 形容词 + a(n)+ 单数可数名词 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …
注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词
前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”
的词修饰时,如 so much progress、so many
people、so little food、so few apples等。但当
little表示“小”时用such。如:These are such
little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的
用法是错误的:so a diffcult problem,so difficult
problems, so hot weather。