Transcript 幻灯片 1
陕 西 省 英 语 第二十五讲 形容词和副词 【名题实战】 1.Mona doesn't like making speeches.She feels ____ C talking in front of the class.(2014,湖州) A.annoyed B.excited C.nervous D. surprised 2.—Do you enjoy Han Lei's songs? —Yes.He is the winner of I'm Singer Ⅱ.I can't think of anyone with a ____ A voice.(2014,南京) A.better B.best C.more D.most 3.I have a lovely room.It's the ____ C in the hotel.(2014 ,广州) A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.most nice 4.If my friends have any problems,my door is ____ D open to them.(2014,安徽) A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always 5.We don't want to speak badly or ____ C in front of the class.(2014,天津) A.clearly B.carefully C.carelessly D.properly 【考点梳理】 中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词作定语、表语 、宾语补足语的基本用法;形容词原级、比较级 和最高级的各种句型;易混淆的形容词用法辨析 等。其中,形容词比较等级句型,形容词修饰不 定代词something,anything,everything,nothing 时的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的 热点。 中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词 等级的各种句型,易混淆副词用法辨析等。 高频考向一 形容词 ❶作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。但形容词修 饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复 合不定代词时,须放在其后;形容词修饰疑问代 词时,也须放在其后。如: It's a cold and windy day.这是个既寒冷又有大风的一 天。 Would you like something hot to drink?你想要喝些热 的东西吗? What else can you see?你还能看见其他什么东西? ❷作表语,放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有 be , become , get( 变 ) , make( 使 ) , turn( 变 ) , keep(保持),feel,look(看起来),seem,smell, sound,taste。如: He looks happy today.他今天看起来很高兴。 Silk feels soft.丝绸摸起来很软。 Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.夏天,牛 奶容易变质。 ❸作宾语补足语。形容词作宾补时,应放在宾语之 后,表示宾语的性质、状态等。如: He always makes us happy.他总是使我们高兴。 ❹注意点: ①表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相 应的名词之后。如: How long is the river?It's about two thousand metres long.这条河有多长?大约2000米长。 ②只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的; asleep 睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康 的;ill病的;frightened害怕的。如: The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) ③貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好 的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的。如: It's very kind of you to help me.你帮助我,真好。 It's not easy to learn a foreign language.学 好一门外语不容易。 【例1】—That clothes store is ________ on weekends. —I see.I'll go there next Monday then.(2014,重庆) A.open B.close C.opened D.closed 解析:由答语“我将下周一去那儿”可知“那家服 装店周末是关着的”。 答案:____ D 【 例 2】—Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever? —Yes.It sounds ________.(2014,济宁) A.well B.loudly C.sweet D.beautifully 解析:sounds在此作连系动词,意为“听起来”, 后接形容词作表语,故排除B、D两项。well作形容 词,意为“健康的”。 答案:____ C 【例3】Fred is always ________ because he often does something good for his health outdoors.(2013, 莱芜) A.weak B.nervous C.serious D.energetic 解析:由后半句句意“因为他经常在户外做一些有 益健康的事情”推知,前半句句意为“Fred总是精 力充沛”。weak“虚弱的”;nervous“紧张的” ;serious“严肃的”;energetic“精力充沛的”。 答案:____ D 高频考向二 副词 ❶副词按性质和用途可分为时间副词、地点副词、 方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词等。 ①时间副词 通常用来表示动作发生的时间。常见的时间副词有 now,today,tomorrow ,yesterday,before,late , early , never , seldom , sometimes , often , usually,always等。 ②地点副词 通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有 here , there , inside , outside , home , upstairs , downstairs , anywhere , everywhere , nowhere , somewhere,down,up,off,in,out等。 ③方式副词 一般用来回答“怎样的”这类问题,绝大部分由形 容词词尾加ly构成,少数与形容词同形。常见的 方式副词有badly,carefully,proudly,suddenly, successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly, wildly,well,fast,hard,alone,high,straight等 。 ④程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词和副词,少数用来修饰动词和介 词短语。常见的程度副词有much,(a) little,a bit, very , so , too , enough , quite , rather , pretty , greatly,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly等。 ⑤疑问副词 一般引导特殊疑问句。常见的疑问副词有how,when ,where,why等。 ❷几组常见副词的用法辨析。 ①also,too,either 三者都表示“也”。also通常放在句中,位于系动词 、情态动词或助动词后面,实义动词前面;too通 常用在肯定句中,放在句末;either用在否定句中 ,放在句末。 ②very与much 二者都可以表示“很”,但用法不同:very修饰形 容词和副词的原级,而much修饰形容词和副词的 比较级。 ③ago与before ago表示以现在为起点的一段时间以前,不能单独使 用,必须和一些表示时间概念的短语搭配,常和 过去时连用。before表示在过去或将来某个时间以 前,也可以指“以前”,可单独使用,常与过去 完成时、过去时、现在完成时连用。 ④so与such so修饰形容词或副词,表示“如此地”;such修饰名词,表 示“如此的”。many,much,little,few+名词,前面只 能用so而不能用such修饰;such可以修饰a lot of+名词。 ⑤sometime,sometimes,some time与some times sometime某一时间,某一时刻(可指将来,也可指过去) sometimes有时,不时的 some time一段时间 some times几次,几倍 【 例 4】The baby is sleeping.Please speak ________.(2013,聊城) A.loudly B.clearly C.quietly D.politely 解析:loudly意为“大声地,响亮地”;clearly意为 “清楚地”;quietly意为“安静地,悄悄地”; politely意为“礼貌地”。句意为“那个宝宝正在 睡觉,请悄悄地说”。 答案:____ C 【例5】—Can you catch what I said? —Sorry.I can ________ understand it.(2014,荆州) A.almost B.probably C.nearly D.hardly 解析:almost“几乎;差不多”;probably“大概;或许”; nearly“几乎;差不多”;hardly“几乎不”。由答语前半 句“对不起”推知,后半句句意为“我几乎不能理解你说 的”。 答案:____ D 【例6】—________ will you finish your homework,Kate? —In an hour.(2014,邵阳) A.How soon B.How often C.How long 解析:how soon“多久以后”;how often“多久一次”; how long“多长时间”。由答句句意“一个小时后”可知 此处是提问“多久以后”。 答案:____ A 高频考向三 形容词、副词等级的用法 1.形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成 ①规则变化 构成方法 一般单音节词末尾加-er,est 原级 small fast quick smaller faster quicker smallest fastest quickest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词末尾加-r,st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节单词,先把y变为i,再加 -er,est lonely 比较级 最高级 happy lonelier happier loneliest happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写末尾的字 母再加-er,est hot big thin hotter bigger thinner hottest biggest thinnest 部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more,most interesting tired more interesting more tired interesting most tired most ②不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst little less least many/much more most far farther farthest old older/elder oldest/eldest late later latest ③下列单、双音节词只能加 more和most 原级 like(相似的,同样的) 比较级 最高级 more like most like real(真的) more real most real tired(疲乏的) more tired most tired pleased(高兴的) more pleased most pleased often(经常) more often most often 2.形容词、副词等级的用法 ❶原级的用法 ①只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too,rather 。如:He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不 能再继续走了。 ②as...as...和……一样(中间用原级) not as(so)...as和……不一样(中间用原级) 如: Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。 Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍 。 This room is not so/as big as that one.这个房间不如那 个大。 ❷比较级的用法 ①可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little, a bit,even,still。 ②...than...……比…… 如:Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。 ③选择疑问句中,二选一时 如:Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个 更大,地球还是月球? ④用比较级表示最高级的意思 如:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何一条河都长。 ⑤“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……” 如:He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了 。 The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂 亮了。 ⑥“the + 比 较 级 , the + 比 较 级 ” 表 示 “ 越 …… , 就 越 ……” 如:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越认真,犯的错误就越少。 ⑦在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those 等词来替代前面提到过的名词。 如:The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.这里的天 气比上海的暖和。 ⑧表示倍数的比较 如:This room is three times bigger than that one.这个 房间比那个大3倍。 ❸最高级的用法 ①形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省 略the。 ②有范围(in,of,among或从句等)修饰的用最高级 。 如:Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬季是一 年里最冷的季节。 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看 过的最好的电影。 ③“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名 词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一 ”。 如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是 中国最大的城市之一。 ④选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。 如:Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿 大? Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还 是秋天? ④whom是who的宾格,在口语中作宾语时,也可用 who代替,但在介词后只能用whom。如: Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到谁 了? For whom are you waiting?你在等谁? ⑤表示“第几个最……”时,用“the+序数词 +最高级+名词单数”的结构。 如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 【例7】 My grandpa told a good story,but I told a ________ one.(2013,河南) A.good B.better C.best D.worse 解析:由前半句句意“我爷爷讲了一个好故事”可 知,后半句句意为“但我讲了一个更好的”,两 者比较用比较级。 答案:____ B 【例8】 —Many boy students think math is ________ English. —I agree.I'm weak in English.(2014,镇江) A.much difficult than B.so difficult as C.less difficult than D.more difficult than 解析:A选项中much常用来修饰比较级,此处后面跟原级, 故排除。B选项的结构常常用在否定句中,故排除。根据 回答“I agree.I'm weak in English.”可推知前句意为“大多 数男学生认为数学没有英语难”。 答案:____ C 【 例 9】 I'm sorry I'm late.I should get here 10 minutes ________.(2013,河北) A.early B.earlier C.the earlier D.the earliest 解析:根据前句“I'm sorry I'm late.(很抱歉我迟到了。)”可 推知后句句意为“我应该早10分钟到达这儿。”指的是与 现在相比较更早些,故用比较级。注意,除非明确指两者 进行比较时,其中“较(更)……的一个”,或用在固定句 式中,否则比较级前不能加the。 B 答案:____ 【例10】 He looks much ________ without sunglasses. A.well B.good C.best D.better 解析:much修饰形容词的比较级,表示比较的程度 ,意为“……得多”。句意为“不戴太阳镜,他 看上去好得多。” 答案:____ D 一、单项选择。 1.Li Ke ____ B runs in the morning,for he wants to be healthy.(2014,成都) A.never B.often C.hardly 2.There isn't a train station near my home.The ____ C one is about 100 miles away.(2014,绥化) A.busiest B.newest C.nearest 3.—Are you feeling better now? —Yes.I'm ____ C to go to school.(2014,巴中) A.good enough B.enough well C.well enough 4.The fruits are ____,because they were picked from A the garden just now.(2014,台州) A.fresh B.cheap C.big D.unhealthy 5.—Is your headache getting ____? A —No,it's worse.(2014,泰安) A.better B.bad C.less D.well 6.—Which ocean is ____,the Atlantic or the Pacific? B —The Pacific.(2014,沈阳) A.deep B.deeper C.deepest D.more deeper 7.—Tom,are you ____ A boy in your class? —No,but John is.I'm shorter than him.(2014,滨州) A.the tallest B.the shortest C.the youngest D.the oldest 8.—As we know it's difficult to live in a foreign country. —____ D if you can't understand the language there.(2014 ,咸宁) A.Exactly B.Naturally C.Usually D.Especially 9.—Fred is studying Chinese in one evening school. —Is that true?He has ____ D told me about it.(2014,安顺) A.ever B.even C.already D.never 10.I've heard that Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom is one of D ocean parks in Asia.(2014,广东) ____ A.very large B.the larger C.much larger D.the largest 11 . Mike is ____ A , but his brother Sam is much ________.(2014,宜宾) A.heavy;heavier B.heavy;heaviest C.heavier;heaviest D.heavier;the heaviest 12.____ C the mountain is,________ the air is.(2014 ,黔南) A.The higher;the thiner B.Higher;thinner C.The higher;the thinner D.More higher;more thinner 13 . He works ____ and feels ________ every A day.(2014,玉林) A.hard;happy B.hardly;happily C.hard;happily D.hardly;unhappily 14.It's snowing ____,we can go out to make a B snowman.(2014,贺州) A.heavy B.heavily C.big D.quickly 15.—____ C do you exercise? —Twice a week.(2014,泸州) A.How long B.How much C.How often D.How hard 16.You didn't know ____ C I wanted to see you.It's a year since I last saw you.(2014,威海) A.how often B.how long C.how much D.how far 二、词汇运用。 A)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。 17.Were you asleep or _________at ten last night? awake 18 . The boy was so ______that he never did his lazy homework. 19.Nick's teacher was ______because he fought with angry his classmate. 20.Jane is ______.She can't go to the movies busy with you. 21 . Mom , I'm ________ hungry . I want to eat something. nervous 22.Sonia feels ________when she speaks in public. B)根据句意,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 23.Tina's parents have four daughters,and she is ______________(young) child. the_youngest 24.The boy is not so ________(serious) as his brother. serious 25.The day is bright and _______(sun).Let's go for a sunny walk. sunny 25.The day is bright and _______(sun).Let's go for a walk. 26.These oranges taste _______(sour). sour 27.“We must keep quiet in the library,”the quietly librarian said _________(quiet). 28 . I felt tired last night , so I went to bed ________(early) than usual. earlier 29 . The horse is getting old and cannot run as _______(fast) as it did. fast 30.Dick sings ______(well).Ann sings ______(well) well better than Dick,but Mary sings _____(well) in their class. best 请完成考点跟踪突破25