Transcript 倒装句
英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序， 一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置 于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可 分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完 全倒装（full inversion）；而只将be 、情 态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分 倒装（partial inversion）。 1. 在以here、there、now、then等副词 开头的句子里。 (1) Here is the seat for you. (2) There goes the bell. (3) Now comes your turn. (4) Then followed three days of heavy rain. 2. 在There be (exist、happen、live、 appear、lie、occur、rise、seem、come、 remain、stand等)句型中。 (1) There are at least thousands of people in the square. (2) There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate. 3. 在象声词或以out、in、up、down、 away等副词开头的句子里。 (1) Crackle, crackle, crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened. (2) Out rushed the children. 4. 当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。 (1) At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. (2) The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. (3) East of the lake lie two towns. (4) Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 在上述四种句子中，如果主语为人称代 词，则不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again. 1. Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语 从句时。 (1) Only then did he find it important to get along with others. (2) Only in this way can we make great progress. (3) Only after he came back were you able to see him. 以关联连词not only...but also开首的句 子或者分句也是如此。 Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts. 位于句首的only，（包括连词not only ... but also）只修饰（或连接）主语部分，则不引 起倒装。 Only Jack can answer this question. 2. 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词 语时，常见的这类词或词语有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely 以及not until, no sooner,...than, hardly...when, ...no... 等。 (1) Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture. (2) Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang. 但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含 义，或者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另 一名词所抵消，此时则不需要倒装。 (1) Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was well advanced. (2) In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything. (3) Not infrequently they go abroad. 3. 在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。 (1) Should I be free this afternoon, I would come and help you with your lesson. (2) Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job. (3) Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. 我们可以说Were it not...或者Had it not been...,但不可以说Weren’ t it... 或者hadn’t it been.. .因此下列句子 应视为病句。 Weren’t it for his wife’s money, he would never be a director. 4. 在So ...that, to such...that 或者in such ...that 的句型中。 (1) So excited was he that he couldn’t say a word. (2) To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. (3) In such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down. 5. 当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适 用于另一人（或物）时。 I trusted him completely. So would anyone who knew him. 在So it is (was)with 的句型或者当So表示 “的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯 定某种说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起 倒装。 (1) Jack studies German, but he doesn't study French. So it is with Jim. (2) —It’s going to be a cold winter. —Yes, So the newspaper says. (3) Li Ping studies hard. So he does. 因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。 You say Tom went to the ball yesterday. So he did, and so did I. 6. 当neither nor位于句首，表示前面否定 的内容也适用于另一人或物时；或者表示 否定的意义在延伸的时候。 (1)—I didn't mean what I said, you know. —Neither (Nor) did I. (2) I don’t know. Neither (Nor) do I care. 7. 当方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时， 有时也可引起部分倒装。 (1) Well do I remember the day that I saw a terrible accident on that road. (2) Many a time has he given me good advice. 8. 用于“形容词（或名词、动 词）”+as(though) 引导的让步状语从句中。 Pretty as she is, she is not clever. Try as he would, he might fail again. Child as he was, he had to make a living. 注：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加 任何冠词 9. 有时为了平衡句子的需要，以避免头重 脚轻之感。 (1) Gone forever are the dark days of the old society. (2) Such are the rewards that always crown virtue. (Shakespeare) 在以上各类句型中，如果谓语动词只有 系动词be，则这类句子应属于全倒装。 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底 应在何处倒装，不少初学者觉得难以掌握。下 面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形 式。 前倒后不①， O，NU主倒从不倒②， 2N前倒后也倒③， NM前后均不倒④ ①NB代表Not only…，but also…引导的并 列句。 not only位于句首时，所引导的前面 的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为 “前倒后不倒”。 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy． 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship（was taken away）． ②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋ 状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句 而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。 1）Only when he told me did I know it． 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted． No sooner…than…，Hardly／ Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。 No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain． ③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。 2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。 即“前倒后也倒”。 Neither do I know her name，nor does he. ④NM即No matter…引导的状语从句。此时 前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均 不倒”。 No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us． 1.疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或 主语的修饰语，主谓不倒装。 What happened to her？ How many persons are working in that laboratory？ 2.在以in，out，back，up，down， off，away，here，there等副词开头 的句子中，如果主语是人称代词，主 谓不倒装。 Away he went to the station. Here she comes. 3.如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不 是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。 Only the teachers are allowed to use this room. Only some of the children like English. 4. 如果置于句首的 not only…but also…仅连接作主语的两个并列词组， 则主语和谓语不倒装。 Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law. 5.把副词性替代词so提前，如果两句的主语相 同，且后者只是进一步肯定或强调前者，so 后面的语序不倒装。 —It‘s raining. —So it is. —Bob didn't know about it. —So he didn't. 6.以 so开头的句型，如果是so it is （was） with+另一主语，此时，主 语和谓语不倒装。 Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.So it was with Engels.