Transcript 高三英语高考英语解题指导

高考英语解题指导
一、命题特点
１、纯语法题逐年减少，语境题逐年增加。
２、知识覆盖面广，题目设计灵活多样。
３、某些题目选用了往年高考阅读理解题中
的句子，某些出自词典。
二、单项填空的解题指导
要想在短时间内完成20道题且能得到较好的分数，
应试者首先必须具备扎实的基础知识，然后掌握
一定的解题技巧。倘若这两点都能做到，就水到
渠成了。
（一）补全法
有时为了使语言生动、自然、简洁，经常
采用省略形式。解题时要尽可能把省略部
分补全，这有助于正确地确定答案。
例１、The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the
street , but his mother told him ______.( A )
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
分析：to 的后面省略了ride his
bicycle
(二）简化法
命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入
一个从句、插入语或附加的次要信息，造成主谓
隔离。解题时，如果将题干中的多余部分去掉，
题干就会变得很简单，答案就可以迅速找到。
例 1、John plays football _____,if not
better than David.
(
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well as
D. so well
分析: 改题考查副词的同等比较,这一语法
现象实际并不难,但题干中加入了省略形式
的插入语(if not better than)后,则加大
了迷惑性.如果把插入语去掉,简化为John
plays football _____ David.
此时答
案就一目了然.
B
)
例2. E-mail ,as well as telephones, _____ an important part
in daily communication.
( A )
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
分析: as well as telephones 是附
加信息
例 3.The person we spoken to _____ no
answer at first.
( D )
A.make
made
B. making
C. makes
D.
分析: we spoke to 是一个定语从句,将其去掉
后会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词.
例４. Who do you think ___ us a talk this afternoon ? ( C )
A. to give B. gave C. will give
D. giving
分析:do you think 是一个插入语
例 ５.The days we looked forward to ____at last.
A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming
分析: 本题很容易被误认为是一个介词to后面要
接动名词。实际上 we looked forward to 是一
个定语从句,介词to 已有其相应的宾语,是省略
了的引导词，将从句去掉就可看出本题缺少一个
谓语.
(
C
)
(三).把握语境法
在一定的语境中进行语法知识和语言知识的
考查,是近年高考英语试题中常见的题目,这就
要求考生一定要以语境为切入点,认真思考,仔
细分析,才能确定正确答案。
例1 -- Are you coming to Jeff’s
party ?(
)
D
-- I’m not sure , I ___ go to the concert
instead.
分析：该题考查情态动词在语境中的的运用。
A. must
B. would
C. should
D.
如果脱离了具体的语境，四个选项都正确，但
might
根据答语 I’m not sure 可得出答案。
例２、Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know
what country he studied in.
( A )
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
分析：根据studied 可确定过去
Robert 在国外学习。
（四） 找提示词法
对于有些题来说，若找到关键的提示词
（如but, and ,otherwise 等）就会迎刃而解。
例１、They are all very tired ,but ____ of them would
stop to take a rest.
( C )
A. any
B. some
分析：but 表示转折
C. none
D. neither
例２___ it with me and I’ll see what I can do . ( D )
A. What left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
（五）转化法（还原法）
高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单,但命
题者有意把题干复杂化,将其改写成一个少见或陌生
的结构。对于这类题,考生可以反其道而行之,把题
干还原成自己熟悉的结构,题目就变得简单了。
1. 将倒装句改成陈述句.
例1.Whom would you rather have ____ with
you ?(
)
A. to go
B. go
C. gone
B
D. going
分析:本题测试的知识点是 have sb do sth
改写
题干成陈述句,则应是 You would rather have whom
___ with you.
例2. Never ____ time come back again.
(
B )
A. will lose B. will lost C. lost D. will to lose
分析: 改写成陈述句后其结构为:
Lost time will never come back
again.
2. 将陈述句改为倒装句。 我们首次接触时是一个
倒装句,而命题者恰恰有意地使用陈述句来命题,题
目便具有很大的迷惑性。
例1、We had____ left home than it began to rain. ( A )
A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost
D. nearly
分析:No sooner…..than 是一个大家十分熟悉的句型
改写句型: ____ had we left home than it began to rain.
例2.We had ____ arrived at the train station when
the train began to move .
( B )
A. no sooner B. hardly
C. almost
hardly … when , no sooner than
D. nearly
一… 就
３. 改被动句为主动句。
例1、Time should be made good use ___ our lessons
well.
（ C ）
A. learning B. learned C. of to learn D. to learn
改写句子：We should make good use of time ___
our lessons well.
例2、 The little boy was caught ___ in the shop . (
A. to steal B. stealing C. steal
B
)
D. stole
分析：本题考查的知识点是 catch sb doing
sth
４、改省略句为一个完整的句子
例1、— How long has this bookshop been in
business ?
---- ____ 1982.
A. After
B. In
(
C
)
C. Since D. From
分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子
This bookshop has been in business ____ 1982.
什么词能同现在完成时态连用 呢？
例2— What made her mother so angry ? ( B
---- ____ the exam.
A. Because she didn’t pass B. Her not passing
C.She didn’t pass
D. Because her not passing
分析：将答语部分补全应为：
____ the exam made her mother so angry .
可以看出少了一个主语.
)
（六）逆向思维法
逆向思维是一种创造性的思维，它冲破
了固有的“思维定势”，运用逆向思维，
在目前灵活多变的高考试题中，可收到意
想不到的效果。
例：Information has been put forward __ more middle
school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
（
B
Information 后常接同位语从句。检查空白
后的句子可以确定它是同位语从句，说明
information 的内容。
）
have a try
1. Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronauts
succeeded ___ landing on the moon ?
A. when , on
B. that,on C. when ,in
D
D. that ,in
2. ___ some of this juice ---- perhaps you’ll like it .
A. Trying
B. Try
C. To try
B
D. Have tried
3. ---Why do you want the book so much ? --- , sir.
D
A. Studying B. Studied C. Studies D. To study
4. I find records are ___ or better than an actual
performance.
A
A. as good as B. as good C. so well as D. good as
5.Is this school____you visited last week?
C
A.that
B.to which C.the one D.where
6.Was it during the Second World War ____he died?
A
A.that B.while C.in which D. then
7.Who will you have _____?
A. To repair the machine
B. repair the machine
B
C.the machine repaired
D.repaired the machine
8.It was only then___realize the importance of learning
English.
D
A .did he B.could he C.when we could D.that we did
9.These stories were made _____his own head.
D
A .out of B.up of
C.into D.up out of
10.He had made another discovery,_____of importance to
science.
B
A .which I think it is
B.which I think is
C.I think that is
D.of which I think is
11.The cave ___very dark, he made some candles___light.
A .was;give
B.was;being given
C
C .being ;to give
D.being;give
12.Which is ____country, Canada or Australia?
A .a large
B.large
C.a larger
D.the larger D
13.In my opinion,it is the best use that could be ____of the
money.
D
A .turned up
B.turned out
C.spent
D.made
14.---Waiter!
---_________
A
---I can’t eat this. It’s too salty.
A .Yes ,sir?
B.What ?
C.All tight? D.Pardon?
By KevinChen
My sister and I grew up in a little village in
England. Our father was a struggling ___36___， but
I always knew he was ___37___. He never criticized
us, but used ___38___ to bring out our best. He’d
say,“If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If
you don’t give them water, they die.”
36. A. biologist B. manager
37. A. strict
B. honest
38. A. praise B. courage
C. lawyer D. gardener
C. special D. learned
C. power D. warmth
I ___39___as a child I said something ___40___
about somebody, and father said,“___41___ time you
say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a
reflection of you.” He explained that I looked for the
best ___42___ people, I would get the best ___43___.
39. A. think B. imagine C. remember D. guess
40. A. unnecessary
B. unkind
C. unimportant
D. unusual
41. A. Another B. Some C. Any
D. Other
42. A. on
B. in
C. at
D. about
43. A. in case B. by turns C. by chance D. in return
In case: 以防万一
By turns: 轮流，依次
By chance:碰巧
In return:作为….回报
From then on I’ve always tried to ___44___ the
principle in my life and later in running my company
44. A. revise
B. set
C. review
D. follow
Dad’s also always been very ___45___. At 15, I
started a magazine. It was ___46___ a great deal of
time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a
___47__: stay in school or leave to work on my
magazine.
45. A. understanding
C. serious
46. A. taking up
C. picking up
47. A. suggestion
C. notice
B. experienced
D. demanding
B. making up
D. keeping up
B. decision
D. choice
I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my
decision, ___48___ any good father would. When he
realized I had made up my mind, he said,“Richard,
when I was 23, my dad ___49__ me to go into law.
And I’ve ___50___ regretted it. I wanted to be a
biologist, ___51__ I didn’t purse my ___52__.
48. A. and
B. as
49. A. helped B. allowed
50. A. always B. never
51. A. rather B. but
52. A. promise B. task
C. even if D. as if
C. persuaded D. suggested
C. seldom D. almost
C. for
D. therefore
C. belief D. dream
You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”
As ___53__ turned out, my little publication went on
to become Student, a nation ___54__ for young
people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children,
and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the
same way Dad ___55__ me.
53. A. this
B. he
C. it
D. that
54. A. newspaper B. magazine C. program D. project
55. A. controlled D. comforted C. reminded D. raised
一 完形填空考什么？
一,
词法及词义辨析 (46,47,48,49,52等）
二，固定短语搭配 （44等）
三，上下文逻辑关系（36，37，40，43，
45，47，54，55，等）
四，文化背景及生活常识
二 当前完形填空的特点
突出语篇，强调应用，注重语境
辨析词意，以实词为主
题材多为记叙文，叙议结合。第一
句不设空
三，完型填空的能力目标要求
• 牢固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语
词汇知识。
• 英语阅读理解能力，良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅
读技巧。
• 分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层
次之间逻辑关系的能力。
• 逻辑思维能力。特别是总结概括、推理判
断和分析归纳的能力。包括情景推理判断、
常识推理判断、逆向推理判断及比较推理
判断等。
• 扎实的英语词汇、短语、惯用法等
英语固定搭配的知识。特别是英语
词汇意义和用法的辨析能力。
• 在阅读中捕捉记忆相关信息的能力。
四 完形填空的解题思路
总则：在把握整体的基础上对
句子内部的情况进行分析
跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意
结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案
瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破
再读全文，反复检查
五： 完形填空解题技巧
1.看清上下文，找准定位词
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有
提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义
词。例如：1) Some parts of the water are very shallow.
But in some places it is very ＿＿＿＿＿.
A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow
相反，因此答案为A。
2) Mrs O’Neill asked＿＿＿＿＿questions and she didn’t
scold us either.
A. no B. certain C. many D. more
and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句
或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是
一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。
2.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系
It has been many years since I was last in London＿＿＿＿
I still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and B. for C. but D. as
根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示
转折的连词but.
3.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配
注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名
词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选
择正确的短语。例如：
1) Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped
himself＿＿＿＿＿so much money.
A. for B. by C. to D. of
表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself
… 故答案为C
2)And video cameras can be used to＿＿＿＿＿
people’s actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch
句中动作的发出者是video cameras 因此答案是C，
意思是“记录”。
4.扎实基础，理清辨异
Soon I heard a＿＿＿＿＿like that of a door burst in
and then a climb of feet.
A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout
选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D
项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则
表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。
5.了解生活常识，确定相关知识
(Immediately )the officers jumped into their cars and
rushed to the＿＿＿＿＿hospital.
A. animal B. biggest
C. plant D. nearest
在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院
就医，因此答案为D。
要做好“完形填空”，必须紧紧抓住上下文
语境，充分利用上下文语境所提供的线索。
上下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义
联系，所在句与周围句群的关系，所在句在
本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所
起的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等。有
些选项根据上下文就能比较容易地选出，而
有些则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能做出正
确判断。
解题误区
做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技
巧外，还应避免几个误区。
1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、
搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很
多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分
析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不
见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。
2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完
美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法
是由易到难，先做会
Proof Reading
近6年NMET短文改错测试内容
年度
时态 名 连 冠
语态 词 词 词
形容 代 非谓 介
词或
语动
词
副词 词 词
2005（浙）
1
0
1
1
2
1
2
1
2000
2
0
0
0
2
2
1
2
2001
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
2002
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2003
2
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
2004
1
1
0
1
1
2
2
1
合 计
9
5
5
5
9
8
7
6
改错类型统计
年度
多词
缺词
错词
正确
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
合计
1
2
2
2
2
2
11
1
1
1
1
2
1
7
7
6
6
6
5
6
36
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
Questions
• Which types of mistake
appear in the proof reading?
Can you tell me about that?
**********顺口溜*********
• 连冠介加形副，七个一致要记住。
Have you remembered
it?
**********顺口溜*********
• 句为单位进行改，连冠缺误搞明白；
• 形副介词看搭配，七个一致要用对；
• 整体逻辑前后顾，时态非谓定记住。
主谓一致 、 名词的单复数一致 、代词的指代一致 、
时态语态一致、非谓动词与逻辑主语一致
虚拟语气句中前后一致、行文逻辑关系的一致
考 查 内 容
一.词的用法
1）连词
2）冠词
3）介词
4）形容词和副词
二.一致性问题：
1）主谓一致
3）代词的指代一致
2）名词的单复数一致
4）时态语态一致
5）非谓动词与逻辑主语一致
6）虚拟语气句中前后一致
7）行文逻辑关系的一致
动 词
词 的用法
返回
连
1.Though it was cold, but he went out without a cap.1_________
but
an
冠
2.You can’t consider him a honest man.
2_________
with 介
3.China Daily is also popular to students of English. 3_________
sad 形
4.The bad news made us feel sadly.
4________
much 副
5________
5.I hate him as more as you do.
每次考试常有
每次考试必有
连词、冠词、介词、形容词、副 词
返回
一致的问题
主谓
has
1.Every means have been tried, but he still failed. 1_________
2.I need some more informations.
information
名词
2_________
3.If he is you, he would go to Australia.
3______
were
虚拟
their 代词
4.The police are doing his best to help the homeless. 4________
been
语态
5_______
has
6_______
时态
dressed
7.The young man dressing in blue is my brother. 7_______
leading
8.With a boy led the way,they started towards the village. 8_______
非谓
9.Her mother asked, “When will you go home for dinner?
come 逻辑
Your father and I are waiting for you.”
9________
主谓、名词单复数、虚拟语气和逻辑一致常考
5.These books have returned to the library.
6.So far, he made a living by picking up wastes.
指代一致、时态语态一致和非谓语的一致必考
巩固练习
返回
Dear Mother,
time 名
Today I visited the Smiths—-my first time visit 1__________
an 冠
to American family. They live in a small
2__________
town. It was very kind for them to meet me
3__________
of 介
at the railway station and drove me to their home. 4__________
drive非谓
The Smiths did his best to make me feel
5__________
their代
at home. They offered me coffee and other
6__________
drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing 7__________
had 时态
together. They were eagerly to know everything 8__________
eager形副
about China but asked me lots of questions. In fact,9__________
and 连
they are planning to come to China next year.
10___________
go 逻辑
Groupwork
• Please make up a proof reading
passage of your own according to
the way you have learned.
• There must be one missing(缺词），
one or two unwanted(多余),five or
six false(错词) at least and a right
one.
**********顺口溜*********
• 句为单位进行改，连冠缺误搞明白；
• 形副介词看搭配，七个一致要用对；
• 整体逻辑前后顾，时态非谓定记住。
主谓一致 、 名词的单复数一致 、代词的指代一致 、
时态语态一致、非谓动词与逻辑主语一致
虚拟语气句中前后一致、行文逻辑关系的一致
2005(浙江）
返回
At first I was not quite willing to sit down and
watched the 90-minute football match.Usually I just watch
1________
it
checked the results because I thought that was dull to
2________
However
to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each
stayed
3_______
other. Therefore,my father loves football. During the
running
4_______
World Cup in 2002,my dad stays up late just to watchexciting
for
5_______
his favorite sport.Seeing his strong interest in this
bad
6_______
game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down
7_______
to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my
1997
返回
Dear Bob,
Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher,
Miss Fang. I'd like to your penfriend, and get to
know more about your country.
First, let me tell you something more about myself
My name is Li Hua. I live in Beijing, where is the
capital of China. I go to Hongqi Middle School.
We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese
English and physics. I use to play ping-pong a lot
in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.
Do you play any ball games? What your favourite
sport? I look forward to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Lihua
86._______
learned
be
87. _______
88. ________
more
89. _______
which
90. ________
91.subjects
_______
92. _______
used
93._______
interested
is
94._______
95.hearing
_______
Best wishes to all of
you!
Bye-bye