Transcript 幻灯片 1

大学英语B网考辅导
语法精讲与样题分析
词汇：根据考试大纲的要求，考生
应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其
中的1800个单词及其基本的搭配。
主要涉及到名词、动词、动词短语、
形容词、副词的近义词、同义词、
近形词之间的辨析，词的搭配及惯
用法。
语法：根据考试大纲的要求，考生
应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能
在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地
加以应用。
语法结构部分主要涉及到从句、不
定式、分词、动名词、虚拟语气等
基本语法结构。
词汇与结构： 选择题和完型题
题型介绍：主要考查语言、词汇、
习语和语法方面的系统知识。
特点：一题多个考点，对综合能力
提出更高的要求。
语法精讲与样题分析
一、特殊句式
二、名词性从句
三、定语从句
四、状语从句
一、特殊句式
（一）强调句、倒装句
（二）命题趋势与复习策略
强调句和倒装句
（一）考点聚焦：焦点1
强调句
1、基本句型：
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它成分
B
53. It was not until she had arrived home _______
remembered her appointment with the doctor. (test 1)
A. when she B. that she C. and she D. she
2、强调谓语
It is/was…+that…结构不能强调谓语，如需要强
调谓语时，用助动词do、does或did.
焦点2
倒装句
1、完全倒装
用于“here (there, now, then” +不及物动
词+主语的句型，或以out, in, up, down,
away等副词开头的句型，如：
Look! Here comes the bus.
So, nor, neither开头的句子，表示前面所
的情况也适用于另一人或物，前后句的时
态、形式应保持一致。
2、部分倒装 1）否定副词如no, not, never,
seldom, little, hardly,以及含有no, not的短语放在
句首时，句子须部分倒装。
52. Hardly ever ____
c get a good job these days
without a good education. (test 2)
A. people might
B. people can
C. do people
D. have people
53. Nowhere else in the world ____
c more attractive
scenery than in Switzerland. (test 2)
A. you can find
B. is found
C. can you find
D. has been found
48. In no circumstance _________.
(test 4)
b
A. smoking should be allowed on the campus
B. should smoking be allowed on the campus
C. should smoking allowed on the campus
D. should smoking allow on the campus
2）以否定词开头的关联结构: No sooner …
than, Hardly/scarcely…when, Not only…but also
55. Not only are cars involved in most of the traffic
accidents, but they also ____
a to the pollution of
the air. (test 5)
A. contributes
B. promote
C. refer
D. matter
3）当only置于句首时修饰状语时，句子
要部分倒装，如：Only in this way can we
learn English well.
4）由as/though引导的让步状语从句，从
句形成倒装，如：
Child as he was, he could speak five languages.
Hard as you work, you can’t support your family.
Try as you do, you will ever win.
二）命题趋势及复习策略
1、加大知识类题目的结构复杂程度和句
意理解难度，注重考查知识之间相互交叉
的现象，加强了综合考查语法知识的力度。
复习策略
1、加强语法专项练习，尤其是强调和倒
装两部分，一定要反复练习，确保记忆的
准确和全面。
2、不可对语法条目进行单纯的机械记忆，
理解才是学好语法的关键，尤其是在知识
之间出现交叉的地方，更要注重理解，认
真对照，找出差异，以求举一反三，融会
贯通。
二、名词性从句
（一）名词性从句的关联词及样
题分析
（二）命题趋势和复习策略
名词性从句包括：
主语从句
宾语从句
名词性从句
表语从句
同位语从句
一）名词性从句关联词：3类。
1、从属连词：that, whether, if
that：没有具体意义，除在宾语从句
中可省略外，在主语从句、表语从
句和同位语从句中不能省略。
whether and if：引导主语从句、表
语从句和同位语从句用whether, 引
导宾语从句两者皆可，但从句中如
有or时，常用whether。如：
55. They claim that ____
b 1,000 factories
closed down during economic crisis. (Test 4)
A. sufficiently
B. approximately
C. considerably
D. properly
57. I leave it to your own judgment ___
c you
should do it. (直通车模拟自测15)
A. that B. which C. whether D. what
2、连接代词：who, whom, whose,
what, which, whoever, whomever,
whatever, whichever
注意：
1）
从句必须用陈述句的语序；
2）若连接代词在从句中作主语，可
用疑问句的语序；
3）what表示“所……的”时，相当
于先行词加关系代词。
如：
48. Although Mary is satisfied with her
c
success, she wonders______
will happen to
her private live. (Test 1)
A. how
B. who C. what
D. that
52. I’m very grateful to you for what
d you have done
you’ve given me and ____
for me. (Test 1)
A. which
B. that
C. all what
D. all that
c is no reason for dismissing him.
53. _____
(Test 4)
A.
Because he was a few minutes
B.
Owing to a few minutes being late
C.
The fact that he was a few minutes late
D. Being a few minutes late
3、连接副词：when, where, why,
how, whenever, wherever, however
注意：
1）
从句必须用陈述句的语序；
2）引导同位语从句的连接副词不能
省略，如：
I have no idea when / how he will
come back.
特别注意： 1、wh-ever 与 no matter whwh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让
步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让
步状语从句，如：
B
51. He’s determined to finish the job ___
long it takes. (Test 2)
A. no matter
B. however
C. wherever
D. whatever
He would believe whatever I said.
特别注意： 2、“wh-ever 与 no matter
wh-”引起的让步从句可以互换，如：
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.
Whoever you are, you must keep the law.
二）命题趋势和复习策略
1、名词性从句与强调句型和其它从句融
合起来进行综合考查，即考查了学生基本
知识的掌握运用能力，又考查了考生分析
句式结构，辨析从句的能力。
2、wh-词语与wh-ever词语的比较考查仍
是命题的热点。
3、名词性从句的糅合考查与名词从句同
其它从句的辨析考查。如：however与no
matter how等之类的辨析也是命题者的关
注点。
复习策略
1、掌握基础，分清什么是主语从句、表
语从句、宾语从句以及同位语从句。
2、在比较中学习，掌握不同引导词用法。
3、掌握名词性从句并熟悉it的用法。
三、定语从句
（一）考点聚焦：看看考什么
1、常用关系词及用法
2、限制性和非限制性定语从句
3、定语从句的难点
（二）命题趋势与复习策略
焦点1：常用关系词及用法
关系代词/副词
先行词
在从句中的作用
who
指人
作主语
whom
指人
作宾语（可略）
whose
指人或物
作定语
that
指人或物
作主语/宾语
which
指物
作主语/宾语
when=in/at/on +which
表示时间的名词 作时间状语
where=in/on/at +which
表示地点的名词 作地点状语
Why（=for + which）
reason
作原因状语
焦点2：限制性与非限制性定语从句
c native
46. TOEFL is a test for students ____
language is not English. (test 2)
A. that B. of whom C. whose D. which
49. He studied hard in his youth, ____
d contributed to his great success in later life. (test 2)
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
焦点3：定语从句的难点
1、当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以
用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，
但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，
而不用which:
①当先行词是不定代词：all,much, little,
something, everything, anything 等时
②当先行词前面有：only, any, few, little,
all, no 等时
③当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面
有形容词最高及时：This is the best book
that I have ever read.
④当先行词是序数词或它的前面有序数词
时：What is the first American film that
you have seen?
2、定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行
词保持一致。
48. This article deals with the natural phenomenon which_____
b most interesting to
everyone. (test 2)
A. are B. is C. they are D. it is
3、as引导的定语从句：常用于such as…,
the same as…或as we all know, as is
known to all。
4、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，
如：
47. He told me how he had given me shelter
c of hunger.
and protection without which I ___
A. would be died
B. would die
C. would have died
D. will die
test 2
二）命题趋势及复习策略
1、定语从句是各类测试必考的热点，尤
其是非限制性定语从句更是命题的重中之
重。
2、定语从句与强调句型、同位语从句融
合在一起进行考查，这样既考查句式结构
的辨析能力，又能考查关系词与其他连词
的区分运用能力。
3、形势上仍会以单项选择为主，完型填
空、阅读理解中的长句理解为辅，对定语
从句进行综合运用考查。
复习策略
1、理清关系代词和关系副词及它们各自
的用法，是学好定语从句的关键。
2、弄清that与which的区别及限制性定语
从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。
四、状语从句 九大类
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
方式状语从句
状语从句
比较状语从句
让步状语从句
目的状语从句
条件状语从句
结果状语从句
一）考点聚焦：看看考什么
焦点1 时间状语从句与地点状语从句
1、时间状语从句 when, as, while, before,
after, since, till (until), hardly…when等
53. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a
c better health. (test 6)
year ago， they ____
A. could have enjoyed
C. have been enjoying
B. had enjoyed
D. are enjoying
焦点2 原因状语从句 常用because, since
和as引导
46. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last
night because she was busy ___
c for her examination. (test 1)
A. to prepare
B. to be prepared
C. preparing
D. being prepared
焦点3 条件状语从句与方式状语从句
1 、条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as等
注意：条件状语从句的时态规律和if引导名词性从句的区别
c by the end of
50. If the building project ____
this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. (test 3)
A. being completed
B. is complete
C. to be completed
D. completed
2、方式状语从句 as, as if, as though
焦点4 目的状语从句与结果状语从句
1 、目的状语从句 so that, in order that,
for fear that, in case等
2、结果状语从句 so that, so( such)…that,
等
46. That was so serious a matter that I had no
choice but ____
d the police. (test 4)
A. called in
B. calling in
C. call in
D. to call in
焦点5 让步状语从句与比较状语从句
1、让步状语从句 though, although, even
if, even though, wh-ever, no matter+ 疑问词
等
2、比较状语从句 as…as, than, not so …
as, the more …the more等
二）命题趋势及复习策略
1、时间状语从句、条件状语从句，主句
与从句的时态考查是状语从句中考查的重
点之一。
2、状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较、
状语从句与定语从句的引导词的辨析也是
考查点。
3、wh-ever一类引导词与no matter wh-一
类引导词的不同用法也是状语从句考查的
焦点。
复习策略
1、应具备全面的状语从句知识，熟悉每
个连词的含义和特征，尤其象as, since这
样的用法灵活的词；象before, until, unless
这样不易掌握的词；象as, when, while；as,
since, because；if , even if 等这些不易区分
的表达，一定要充分重视对他们的学习。
2、经验表明，收集一些结构复杂的长难
句进行逻辑思维能力的专项训练是有益的、
是必要的。