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现在分词与动名词
Nelly Fu
现在分词与动名词的基本
形式
是由动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，
因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。
V+-ing
千万要注意V-ing
形式的规则哟！
不能单独作谓语，
没有人称和数的
变化，可以有自
己的宾语和状语。
还有时态和语态
的变化。
时 态 和 语 态
类别
形式
及 物 动
主 动
一般式 doing
不及物动词
词
被
动
being done
完成式 having done having been
done
主
动
doing
having done
作主语：动名词
Teaching is my full-time job.
Writing an English composition is
not easy.
It’s useless taking this kind of
medicine.
Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it
means disagreement.
Using body language in a correct way will help
communicate with people and make the stay in a
foreign country easy and comfortable
作宾语：动名词
•I have just finished doing my
home work.
•I suggested asking his brother
for some money.
•He keeps buying expensive maps.
He must have more than 200 by
now.
Would you mind giving a talk today about DNA?
If the population keeps growing so quickly, there
will only be standing room left for us next century
四 作介词宾语
However, most of the time, people from the two
countries don’t have any difficulty in understanding
each other.
He took along some of his pictures in the hope of
getting a job there.
只接动名词作宾语的常见动词
有resist/mind/suggest、
delay/postpone/ put off
look forward to/enjoy/admit
miss /deny /escape/ consider
appreciate/imagine/practise、
finish/complete
enjoy/avoid
作表语
（1）动名词
My job is teaching.
= Teaching is my job.
Her full-time job is
laying eggs.
=Laying eggs is her
full-time job.
（2）现在分词
The play is exciting.
≠ Exciting is the play.
The story he told us
was very interesting.
≠Interesting was
the story he told us.
作定语
⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
a washing machine
＝ a machine for washing
a swimming pool
＝ a pool for swimming
This is a new washing machine.
作定语
⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被
修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名
词之后。
•a developing country ＝ a country
which is developing
•a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping
•The man talking with my father is Mr.
Wang.
•China is a developing country.
When they reached the burning building, they found
thattheir ladders were not long enough to reach the
people who were trapped
Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the
stars was bent as it passed the Sun. (coming from the
stars 相当于定语从句 which comes from the stars .)
作宾语补足语：现在分词
I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
I noticed a long queue outside the
bank waiting for it to open.
The baby watched his dad shaving
his face with great interest.
能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见
动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可
以将它们记住：
make、let、have、look at、see、
watch、hear、listen to、notice、
feel。
对了，用“三让、三看、两
听、注意感觉”。多简单！
作
状
语
现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结
果、伴随（方式）等。
Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）
Being ill, he went home. （原因）
Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole
town.(条件）
European football is played in 80 countries,
making it the most popular sport in the world.
(NMET 98)（结果）
He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随）
1 Walking slowly across the grass, he pointed the
pipe at the lion and fired.（V-ing 分词短语表示
时间，其逻辑主语是he；walking的动作与谓语
动词的动作同时发生，相当于While/When (he
was )walking slowly across the grass ）
2 Dr Manette, having been kept a prisoner in the
Bastile, Paris ‘s most important prison, for many
years, had recently been set free. (V-ing分词短语
在句中作时间状语，用的是完成被动式，意思
相当于After Dr Manette had been kept… for many
years ….)
3The poor of the cities and the peasants in the
country, having lived such a hard life for so long,
took up their guns and knifes and began to kill
the rich nobles.
3The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country,
having lived such a hard life for so long, took up their
guns and knifes and began to kill the rich nobles.
(V-ing分词短语表示原因，其完成式表示动作
发生在谓语动作之前，其逻辑主语是the poor of the
cities and the peasants in the country，与句子主语一
致。)
4 The fish have very sharp teeth; they can eat a
person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.
(分词短语作结果状语，其逻辑主语是the fish，
与句子主语一致。)
5 The sperm whale therefore has to look for
the squid, using sound waves.(V-ing分词短
语表示行为方式；using与句子谓语动词
has to look for同时发生。)
6 Piles of stones lie in a corner of the courtyard,
waiting to be replaced. (V-ing分词短语表示与
谓语动词lie同时发生的伴随动作；其逻辑主
语是piles of stones，与句子的主语一致。)
Exercises
Complete each of the following sentences:
1. While we were backpacking in the mountains,
we admired the scenery around us.
Backpacking in the mountains, we admired the
scenery around us.
2. Einstein was a shy person, so found it hard
to get along with the other boys.
Being a shy person, he found it hard to get along with
the other boys.
3..After he had spent three hours doing his homework,
he was completely worn out.
Having spent three hours doing his homework, he was
completely worn out.
4. The ship caught in a severe storm was traveling
to the west coast of the United Korea.
The ship ______________________________________
was caught in a severe storm.
traveling to the west coast of the United States from
Korea
9. Holmes carefully examined the seat of the chair.
The chair stood against the wall.
The seat of the chair ________________________
standing against the wall
was carefully examined by Holmes.
10. The boys walked round the town centre. They
looked at the sights and took photos.
The boys walked round the town centre,_____________
looking at the signs and taking photos
V + -ing
现
在
分
词
形式用法归纳
1、作表语 (与动名词的区别）
2、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）
3、作定语（与动名词的区别）
4、作状语
动 1、作主语
名 2、作表语 (与现在分词的区别）
词 3、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）
4、作定语（与动名词的区别）
* V-ing 的否定式由not或never+V-ing构成。
例如：
He was disappointed about not being able to take
part in the competition.
*动名词的完成形式与被动形式:
1.完成式:动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作
之前发生.
He didn’t mention having met me.
I apologize for not having kept my promise.
I have no idea of their having done such a thing.
2.被动式:动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象.
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.
He didn’t mind being left at home.
He did it without being asked.
They insisted on their being treated as equals.
I didn’t remember having ever been given a chance
to try this method.
*动名词的逻辑主语:
1.Would you mind my opening the window?
2.He is proud of his father’s being eloquent.
3.He insisted on my paying the money.
4.John’s being absent gave me a lot of trouble.
5.I don’t like their (them) speaking ill of others.
6.I’m sure of my brother’s passing the exam.
7.Is there any hope of our team winning the game?
(如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的东西,就只能
用普通格.)
Exercises
Complete the following sentences, using the words
given in V-ing form and try to tell the function of each.
encourage, joke, barbecue, leave, live, become, cook,
declare, forbid, get
Leaving
1. ___________
a tip in a restaurant has become a
custom in most countries.
2. The new programme of research-oriented study is
encouraging students to raise problems and
aimed at __________
then to solve them on their own.
cooking
3. To most, __________
food over a smoky fire has
barbecuing
become a thing of the past. However, _________
remains popular in America.
4. When Spaniards arrive in Arizona, they found
living
many Indian tribes _____________
along the river
banks and in the mountains.
5. Britney Spears, Pop Princess, is on her way to
becoming one of the hottest pop stars in the world.
___________
6. A man in South Africa is likely to face up to 25
joking
years in jail for ____________
that he was carrying
a bomb on an airline flight.
7.Church authorities were surprised at Galileo’s
declaring
______________
that the earth moved around the sun.
8. I can’t understand their ______________
being forbidden to go to
the concert given by the Backstreet Boys.
9. Cases of anthrax have caused worldwide fear. What
getting
people are doing now is __________
letters
containing white powder before opening them.
*Fill in the following blanks with the right verb forms.
playing
A favourite amusement in space is _______________
carrying
(play) with one’s food. Instead of ____________
(carry) food all the way to their mouths, some
throwing/ to throw
experienced astronauts like ________________
(throw) food from spoons. Although _________
drinking
(drink) coffee seems like the most natural thing on
work
earth, in space it won’t ___________(work).
If you
tried __________(tip)
the cup back to take a drink,
tipping
the weightless coffee would not ________(roll)
out.
roll
If you don’t start __________________
(drink)
drinking/to drink
your blob with a straw, it will attach itself to the
nearest wall or window.
The end