Transcript Document

分词
V-ing分词概述（一）
一 作主语
Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make
the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable.
二 作宾语
Would you mind giving a talk today about DNA?
If the population keeps growing so quickly, there will only be standing room left for
us next century.
三 作表语
The real problem is getting all the materials ready before the end of this month.
Children are afraid of the stone figures in the temple which look so frightening.
四 作介词宾语
However, most of the time, people from the two countries don’t have any difficulty in
understanding each other.
He took along some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there.
五 作宾语补足语
It could be very interesting to watch an Arab and an Englishman talking together.
Then I left him standing by the counter so happy that I almost envied him.
Notes
• 1．V-ing分词在句中做主语或宾语时，可以带自己的逻辑主语。
• 例如：
• There are many reasons for animals dying out, but the most
important one is the part that humans have played.
• 2. V-ing 分词的否定式由not或never+V-ing构成。
• 例如：
• He was disappointed about not being able to take part in the
competition.
• 3．V-ing 分词有体和语态的变化形式。
• e.g. In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is piped
directly into the sea without being treated.（一般被动式）
•
I apologize for being so angry with you.----I apologize for having
been so angry with you（完成主动式）
• 4．某些动词或只能用分词作宾语。常见的有：mind, escape, miss,
practise, suggest, consider, keep, avoid, risk, finish, imagine, dislike,
delay etc.
Exercises
Complete the following sentences, using the words given in V-ing form and
try to tell the function of each.
encourage, joke, barbecue, leave, live, become, cook, declare, forbid, get
1. ___________
a tip in a restaurant has become a custom in most countries.
Leaving
encouraging
2. The new programme of research-oriented study is aimed at __________
students to raise problems and then to solve them on their own.
3. To most, __________
food over a smoky fire has become a thing of the
cooking
past. However, _________
barbecuingremains popular in America.
4. When Spaniards arrive in Arizona, they found many Indian tribes
_____________
along the river banks and in the mountains.
living
becoming one of the
5. Britney Spears, Pop Princess, is on her way to ___________
hottest pop stars in the world.
6. A man in South Africa is likely to face up to 25 years in jail for
____________
that he was carrying a bomb on an airline flight.
joking
7.Church authorities were surprised at Galileo’s ______________
that the
declaring
earth moved around the sun.
8. I can’t understand their ______________
being forbidden to go to the concert given by the
Backstreet Boys.
9. Cases of anthrax have caused worldwide fear. What people are doing now
is __________
getting letters containing white powder before opening them.
Exercises
Fill in the following blanks with the right verb forms.
playing
A favourite amusement in space is _______________(play)
with one’s food. Instead of ____________
(carry) food all the
carrying
way to their mouths, some experienced astronauts like
________________(throw)
food from spoons. Although
throwing/ to throw
_________(drink)
coffee seems like the most natural thing on
drinking
earth, in space it won’t ___________(work).
If you tried
work
__________(trip)
the cup back to take a drink, the weightless
tipping
coffee would not ________(roll)
out. If you don’t start
roll
drinking/to drink
__________________
(drink) your blob with a straw, it will
attach itself to the nearest wall or window.
V-ing分词概述（二）
一 作名词的前置修饰语
When they reached the burning building, they found that their ladders
were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped
二 作名词的后置修饰语
Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as
it passed the Sun.(coming from the stars 相当于定语从句 which comes
from the stars.)
三 作状语
1 Walking slowly across the grass, he pointed the pipe at the lion and
fired.（V-ing 分词短语表示时间，其逻辑主语是he；walking的动作与谓语动
词的动作同时发生，相当于While/When(he was )walking slowly across the
grass ）
2 Dr Manette, having been kept a prisoner in the Bastile, Paris ‘s most
important prison, for many years, had recently been set free. (V-ing分词短
语在句中作时间状语，用的是完成被动式，意思相当于After Dr Manette had
been kept… for many years ….)
3The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country, having lived such a
hard life for so long, took up their guns and knifes and began to kill the rich
nobles. (V-ing分词短语表示原因，其完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，
其逻辑主语是the poor of the cities and the peasants in the country，与句子
主语一致。)
4 The fish have very sharp teeth; they can eat a person in two minutes,
leaving only the bones. (分词短语作结果状语，其逻辑主语是the fish，与句
子主语一致。)
5 The sperm whale therefore has to look for the squid, using sound
waves.(V-ing分词短语表示行为方式；using与句子谓语动词has to look for
同时发生。)
6 Piles of stones lie in a corner of the courtyard, waiting to be replaced. (Ving分词短语表示与谓语动词lie同时发生的伴随动作；其逻辑主语是piles of
stones，与句子的主语一致。)
V-ed分词概述
一 作表语
One quarter of the shores of the Mediterranean are polluted. (表示主语所
处的状态。)
二 作宾语补足语
1. Then we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not just by
words.
2. In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their
houses completely changed.
三 作名词的前置或后置修饰语
1. When we arrived, we were given printed question papers.
2. We had our picnic lunch in the forest next to a fallen tree. (前置。fall是
不及物动词，fallen在这里表示主动的完成意义。)
3. It came from the work songs sung by black people and had its roots in
Africa. (后置。相当于定语从句… which were sung by black people…)
四 作状语
1 Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because two-thirds of the
earth’s surface is made up of vast oceans. (作时间状语或条件状语，相当于
When/If the earth is seen from space, it looks blue.)
2 Well known for his experts advice, he was able to help a great number of
people with their personal affairs. (作原因状语，相当于As he was well
known for his expert advice, he was….)
3 Bitten by a snake, you should send for help. (作条件状语，相当于If you
are bitten by a snake, you should….)
4 The room, although supposed to be kept locked, was often left open. (作
让步状语，其逻辑状语是the room；当过去分词作时间，条件，让步等状语
时，其前还可加when, once, if, although等连词.)
5“Dr Watson and I will spend the night, locked in your room.”(作状语，表示
伴随状况或方式。)
Exercises
Complete each of the following sentences using V-ing or V-ed forms.
1. While we were backpacking in the mountains, we admired the scenery
around us.
Backpacking in the mountains, we admired the scenery around us.
2. Einstein was a shy person, so he found it hard to get along with the other
boys.
Being a shy person, he found it hard to get along with the other boys.
3.Aspirin was sold by a German company for the first time in 1899, but it has
been around much longer than that.
Although sold by a German company for the first time in 1899, it has
been around much longer than that.
4. Many of the trains are likely to be operated by computer in the future and
they will have no drivers.
If operated by computer in the future, they will have no drivers.
5 Mr Holmes and Dr Watson followed the girl up the stairs to her room.
The girl went up the stairs to her room,_______________________
followed by Mr Holmes and Dr
Watson
6.After he had spent three hours doing his homework, he was completely
worn out.
Having spent three hours doing his homework, he was completely worn
out.
7 When he was asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became
cheerful.
When asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful.
8 The ship caught in a severe storm was traveling to the west coast of the
United Korea.
travelling to the west coast of the United States from Korea
The ship ___________________________________________________
was caught in a severe storm.
9. Holmes carefully examined the seat of the chair. The chair stood against
the wall.
standing against the wall
The seat of the chair ________________________
was carefully examined
by Holmes.
10. The boys walked round the town centre. They looked at the sights and
took photos.
looking at the signs and taking
The boys walked round the town centre,_______________
photos
Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences. Put a tick if the sentence is
correct.
1. Feeing tired, so I went to bed early.
2. A husband and wife usually call each other by their first names when
speaking to their friends.
正确
3. In the Bastille Monsieur Defarge found the letter being written by Dr
Manette.
去掉
4. Having never gone skiing, I decided to take lessons. Never having
5. Walking along the street, I noticed a small ice-cream store almost hidden
正确
between a department store and a bank
6. Carrying a flashlight, the path could be seen clearly.
we could see the path
7. Doing all their shopping, they went home for a rest. Having done
8. Got to the daycare centre, she saw her daughter holding the new doll and
Getting
screaming.
9. Did you notice that Alex behaved quite differently in many ways comparing
to us Chinese?
compared
10. Born in an artistic family in Dalian, Qin Haiu joined the Yingkou Drama
School to learn Peking Opera at the age of ten and became a top student.
正确
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
Dye, connect, attract, start, cross, live, demand, rise, end, order
1. Haloween is a traditional holiday in the UK and US that falls on Oct.31. After
dark children go to houses,___________
demanding candy from their neighbours.
2. _____________
by China’s huge Internet user population and e-commerce
Attracted
market, they are planning to move their headquarters from the United States to
China.
crossed when I got
3. My whole family have promised to keep their fingers ___________
for my job interview.
4. China joined the WTO on Nov.10th, 2001,_____________
15 years of
ending
negotiations.
.5. When ___________
a conversation, one can never ask such questions as
starting
these: How old are you? What’s your salary? Where did you buy your new dress?
6. Anna Kournikova, Tennis Beauty, is the center of public attention. She is said
to be the major reason for the __________
interest in women’s tennis.
rising
7. Have you ever heard of the custom of _______________
Ester eggs?
dyeing
Christians have long used the egg as the symbol of Christ’s rebirth.
8. Some people drink too much alcohol. Some of the problems
connected
________________
with too much drinking are poor health, accidents and crime.
9. Hundreds of Turkish female civil servants wore trousers to work last month to
protest against a dress code ____________
women in public sectors to wear
ordering
skirts.
Composition
请你以为题用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍《21世纪报》。
短问须包括下面表格中所提供的内容。
报纸名称：21Century，英文报纸
an English language newspaper
出版地点：每周一期
It is published in Beijing each week
报纸内容：每周新闻，今日世界，语言课堂，体育与音乐，学生报导
It has sections of different kinds, including News of the Week, Today’s
World, Language Class, Sports and Music and Students’ Report
特色：图文并茂
There are plenty of beautiful pictures and interesting articles in it.
目的：学习英语词汇，提高英语水平，获取信息
I read it to learn new words, improve my English, get information.