Transcript Document

非谓语动词
第二部分 重要语法
非谓语动词
非谓语动词是高中英语的重点语法项
目，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强
书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有
明显的作用。非谓语动词也是高考语法填
空的必考点，每年必考一个小题。
真题再练
请做近年高考真题：
• 1. (2013) In the beginning, there was only a very
small amount of unfairness in the world, but
everyone added a little, always ________ (think)
that it was only small and not very important,
and look where we have ended up today.
思路点拨：thinking 因everyone与think是主动
关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语
。
• 2. (2012) Mary will never forget the first time
she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one
day, _________(wear) sun glasses.
思路点拨：wearing 本句主语是he, 且已有谓语
动词appeared，括号中所给的动词wear前面没
有并列连词，不会是并列谓语，因此，可以确
定wear是非谓语动词；又因he 与wear之间在逻
辑上是主动关系，故用wearing，作谓语动词
appeared的伴随状语。
• 3. (2011) I got on the bus and found a seat near
the back, and then I noticed a man _________
(sit) at the front.
思路点拨：sitting 表示“注意到某人在做某事
”是notice sb. doing sth.句型。
• 4. (2010) After the student left, the teacher let
another student taste the water. He spit it out,
_________(say) it was awful.
思路点拨： saying 句中He是主语，spit是谓语
动词，所给动词say前面没有并列连词，即不作
并列谓语，它应是非谓语动词；又因he与say是
主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，填
saying。顺便说说，saying可以转换成and said
作并列谓语。
• 5. (2009) She wished that he was as easy
_________ (please) as her mother, who was
always delighted with perfume.
思路点拨： to please 在形容词后作状语，只能
用动词不定式。
• 6. (2008) For example, the proverb, “plucking
up a crop_________ (help) it grow”, is based on
the following story.
思路点拨：to help 在直接引语中的谚语，是
the proverb 的同位语，也就是说，直接引语是
一个名词短语，而不是句子。由此可知，括号
中所给的动词help，不作谓语，是非谓语动词
。因“助长(help it grow)” 是plucking up a
crop (拔苗)的目的，作目的状语，要用不定式
，故填to help。
• 7. (2007) While she was getting me______
(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of
the village was tying up his horse to my car.
思路点拨：settled 在while从句中，she是主
语，was getting是谓语动词，括号中所给动词
settle 应 为 非 谓 语 动 词 ； 又 由 settle sb. into
/in… (将某人安顿在某处)可知，sb. 与settle在
逻辑上是被动关系，故填过去分词settled，作
为宾语me的补足语，表示状态。
考情分析
年份
答案
考点分析
2013
thinking
现在分词作伴随状语
2012
wearing
现在分词作伴随状语
2011
sitting
现在分词作宾补
2010
saying
现在分词作伴随状语
2009
to please
不定式在adj.后作状语
2008
help
不定式作目的状语
2007
settled
过去分词作宾补
从上表可以看出，非谓语动词在高考语法
填空中必考且只考1个小题；主要考查了三个方
面：
(1)现在分词作伴随状语；
(2)不定式作状语；
(3)分词作宾补。
解题技巧
语法填空题中，若句中已有谓语动词，又
不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形
式，还是to do，确定的方法主要有：
(1)作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主
语是主动关系，用-ing形式；若是被动关系，
用-ed形式。(详见上述第1，2，4小题的解题思
路)
(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般
用不定式。(详见上述第5，6小题的解题思路)
(3)作宾语补足语则为do，to do, v-ing, ved形式，由不同的动词句型，以及宾语与宾补
之间的主动或被动关系而定。(详见上述第3，
7小题的解题思路)
(4)作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示
习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。
(5)作表语最主要的是现在分词与过去分
词：表示人“感到……的”用-ed形式；说明
事物或人是“令人……的”，用-ing形式。
考点归纳
非谓语动词就是在句中不能单独作谓语的
动词形式，有不定式、-ing形式和-ed形式三种
形式。但在传统语法中，-ing形式又分现在分词
和动名词，-ed形式叫过去分词，其中现在分词
和过去分词又可统称为分词。非谓语动词，除
语法填空每年必考外，在写作中非常有用，因
此，我们必须要全面了解，重点掌握。
一、非谓语动词的三个基础
1.非谓语动词的句法功能。
各种形式的用法特征和句法功能见下表：
用法
主语 宾语 表语
特征
不定式
-ing形式
动名词
现在分词
定语 宾补 状语
n. adj.
adv.
∨
∨
∨
∨
n.
∨
∨
∨
∨
∨
∨
adj.
-ed形式 过去分词 adv.
∨
∨
∨
∨
∨
∨
∨
∨
2.非谓语动词的时态语态(以do为例)。
语态
时态
不定式
一般式 to do
进行式 to be doing
-ing形式
-ed形式(过
去分词)
doing
done是唯
having done(只作 一形式(表
完成式 to have done
示被动、
状语)
完成，或
being done
一般式 to be done
没有时间
性)
被动
to have been having been
完成式
done
done(只作状语)
主动
时态：若非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动
词的动作之前，用完成式，否则用一般式。
语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动
关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
充当句
子成分
逻辑主语
宾语和
表语
状语
句子的主语
定语
宾补
所修饰
的词
句子的
宾语
［例1］Having worked abroad for five
years, he came back to his motherland.他在国
外工作五年之后回到了祖国。(=After he had
worked for five years, he…)
 分析：因逻辑主语he与work是主动关系
，所以用-ing形式的主动式作状语；又因“在
国外工作了五年”发生在“回来”之前，所以
用完成式。
［ 例 2 ］ “ We can’t go out in this
weather, ” said Bob, looking out of the
window.“这样的天气我们不能出去，”鲍勃望
着窗外说。
 分析：因逻辑主语Bob与look是主动关系，
用-ing形式的主动式作伴随状语；又因look是伴
随着said，同时发生的，所以用一般式。
［ 例 3 ］ He came in, followed by his
secretary. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的秘书。
 分析：因逻辑主语he与follow(跟随)是被
动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语，follow与
came in同时发生。
［例4］My little brother should love to be
taken to the park this afternoon.我弟弟希望今
天下午带他去公园。
 分 析 ： 因 逻 辑 主 语 My little brother 与
take(带)是被动关系，故用被动式；又因should
love后习惯接不定式，不定式表示未来，用一
般式，所以用to be taken。
若与谓语动作同时发生，并强调正在进行
的情景或持续性，可用不定式的进行式。如：
When I came in, Li Ming seemed to be
reading a novel.我进来时，李明好像在看小说
。
注意以下3点：
(1)在作表语和补语的形容词后作状语，用
不定式的主动形式表被动含义。如：
This text is easy to learn. 这篇课文很容易
学。
I find this text easy to learn.我觉得这篇课文
很容易学。
(2)在表示“需要”的need, want, require等
后用v-ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不
定式的被动式。如：
My English needs improving/to be improved.
我的英语需要提高。
(3)表示“有……要……”用不定式的主动形
式表示被动意义。如：
I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。
(4)作表语的to blame是主动表被动。如：
He is to blame for this.他会因此而受到责备.
二、非谓语动词的用法比较
1.作主语。
不定式表示特定、具体的、一次性的、未来
的行为，而-ing形式表示泛指的、一般的、习惯
性的行为。如：
Learning a foreign language needs time and
patience.学好外语需要时间和耐心。(一般)
To tell him the truth now will hurt him.现
在告诉他事情的真相会伤害到他。(具体)
为保持句子平衡，常用it作为形式主语，把
作主语的不定式或-ing形式移到句末。如：
It is necessary for us to learn a foreign
language.我们有必要学一门外语。
另外，注意以下几点：
(1) 主语与表语用同一形式。如：
Seeing is believing. /To see is to believe.眼
见为实。
(2) 在It is no use /It is useless /It is no
good /It is worthwhile doing句形中，通常用ing形式。如：
It is no use talking your trouble to a man
like him.跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。
2.作宾语。
(1)只接不定式作宾语的动词或短语：
有ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计
划), manage, do/try one’s best, make an attempt, (
努力), learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect,
long, want, would like, should like, would prefer(
希 望 、 愿 意 ), agree, promise( 同 意 ), decide,
determine, choose, make a decision, make up
one’s mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请),
help( 帮 助 ), fail( 不 能 、 没 有 ), prepare( 准 备 ),
pretend( 假 装 ), refuse( 拒 绝 ), happen( 碰 巧 ),
afford(负担得起)等。
I plan to remember the 3,500 English words
this term.我计划在本学期记下那3,500个英语单
词。
(2)只接-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语：
有 allow, permit( 允 许 ), consider( 考 虑 ),
suggest, advice( 建 议 ), keep(on)( 反 复 ; 不 停 ),
finish( 完 成 ), imagine( 想 象 ), practise( 练 习 ),
understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(
错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止),
escape( 避 免 ), include( 包 括 ), forgive, pardon,
excuse( 原 谅 ), dislike( 厌 恶 ), discuss( 讨 论 ),
report(报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险
), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始),
feel like(想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推
迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)
等。
She suggested asking Mr. Li for his opinion.她建
议征求李老师的意见。
(3)接不定式和-ing形式意义不同的词：
有 ① remember to do( 记 住 去 做 ) ，
remember doing(记得做过)；②forget to do(忘
记去做)，forget doing(忘记做过)；③regret to
do (遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；④try
to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)；⑤go on to do(
接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；⑥
mean to do(打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；⑦
stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做)；⑨
can’t help to do(不能帮助做)，can’t help doing(
情不自禁做)等。
Remember to pay him.记住要付钱
给他。(钱还未付)
I remember paying (or: having
paid) him.我记得已经付给他钱了。
(4)介词后一般只能接-ing形式作宾
语，以下短语动词中的to是介词：
有look forward to(盼望), be/get used to(习
惯), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意
), be devoted to /devote…to (致力于), lead to(导
致), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向),
object to(反对), equal to(等于、能胜任), belong
to(属于)等。
He objected to being treated like a child. 他
反对被当作小孩子看待。
3.作表语。
(1) v-ing形式作表语，说明主语的性质
特征，意为“令人……的”，多指事物(现
在分词相当于形容词)；也可以说明主语的
内容(动名词)。如：
This news is exciting. 这个消息令人激
动。(性质——现在分词)
My work is teaching. /Teaching is my
work. 我的工作是教书。(内容——动名词)
(2) v-ed形式表示性质特征，意为 “感到
……的”，多指人。
Everybody feels excited about it.大家都为
此感到兴奋。
(3) 不定式作表语有三种情况：
①主语与表语“等价”时。
His dream is to be admitted by a key
university.他的梦想是考上重点大学。
②在seem, appear, prove(证明是)，turn
out(结果是)等后。
He appears to want to leave.他看来要走
了。
③表示计划、应该、约定、命令、命中
注定等。
We are to meet at the school gate.我们
将在校门口碰头。(约定)
4. 作宾语补足语。
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系
时，用不定式(全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一
直处于某种状态)；是被动关系时，用-ed形式。
另外，请注意复习以下3点：
(1)接不定式作宾补的动词。
主要有tell, ask, expect, inspire, encourage,
allow ， advise, remind ， persuade ， require ，
force，forbid等。在help后作宾补的不定式带不
带to均可。如：
Mr. Wang often encourages us to study
hard.王老师常常鼓励我们努力学习。
(2)接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词。
主要有hear, listen to, let, make, have, see,
watch, notice, observe等，表示动作的全过程。
I saw him go out.我看到他出去了。
但被动语态中，要加上to。
He was seen to go out.有人看到他出去了。
(3) 接-ing形式作宾补的动词。
主要有hear, see, watch, feel, find等，表示在
“看到，听到”时“正在发生”。
I heard her singing just now.刚才我听到她
在唱歌。
5.作定语。
(1) -ing形式作定语，表示某动作正在进行
(现在分词)，或说明名词的功能(动名词)。
如：
a sleeping baby (=a baby who is sleeping)一
个正熟睡的婴儿；a reading room (=a room for
reading)阅览室。
(2)用-ing形式表示主动、正在进行，-ed形
式被动、完成，不定式表示将来，三者都可以
转化为定语从句。如：
The boy standing there is a friend of mine.
站在那边那个男孩是我的一个朋友。(=The boy
who is standing there is…)
The building being built will be our library.
现在正在建的那座房子将是我们的图书馆。
(=The building which is being built is…)
The building built last year is our library.
去 年 建 好 的 那 座 房 子 是 我 们 的 图 书 馆 。 (The
building which was built last year is…)
The building to be built next month will be
our library.下个月要建的房子将是我们的图书
馆 。 (=The building which will be built next
month…)
表 示 “ 第 几 个 做 某 事 的 人 ” 用 the first
/second (+n.) to do sth.如：
Tom was the first person to arrive at school.
汤姆是第一个到校的人。
(3)表示情感的动词，-ing形式表示“令人
……的”，-ed形式表示“感到……的”。如：
exciting news 令 人 激 动 的 消 息 ； excited
expression脸上兴奋的表情。
6.作状语。
(1)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语, 用动
词不定式。
He has been working hard to get a good
mark.为了获得好成绩，他一直在努力学习。
His father, I think, is pleased to persuade
him.我认为，他父亲乐意去说服他。
(2)不定式作状语，表示原因，多用于表示
情 感 反 应 的 动 词 、 形 容 词 ( 如 glad, sorry,
surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，只能放在
句末，且不用逗号。如：
I am very glad to see you.见到你我非常
高兴。
(3) -ing形式和-ed形式作状语，可表示伴
随、时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等，表
示伴随时可转化为并列谓语，其他情况一般
可转化为相应的状语从句。
① 表 伴 随 ： They sat there, talking
happily. 他 们 坐 在 那 里 高 兴 地 交 谈 着 。
(=…and talked happily)
The teacher stood there, surrounded by a
lot of students.那位老师站在那里，有许多学生
围 着 。 (= … and was surrounded … /who was
surrounded…)
② 表 时 间 ： Hearing the bad news, they
couldn’t help crying.听到这条坏消息后，他们情
不自禁地哭了起来。(=When /After they heard
the bad news, they…)
③表原因：Born into a peasant family，he
had only two years of schooling. 他出生于农民
家庭，只上过两年学。(=As he was born…)
④ 表 条 件 ： Given a little more time, I
would have worked out the problem.如果再多给
我一点时间，我就会做出那道题目了。(=If I
had been given a little more time, I…)
⑤表结果：We set off very early, arriving
there ahead of time.我们动身很早，结果提前到
达了那里。(…so that we arrived…)
⑥ 表 让 步 ： Being tired, they went on
working. 虽 然 累 了 ， 但 他 们 继 续 工 作 。 (=
Although they were tired, they…)
(4)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词
之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前
面 常 加 only ； 也 还 用 于 too … to, enough to,
so/such…as to等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结
果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(
同时发生)，谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果
关系。如：
He hurried to the station, only to find (and
found) the train had left.他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，
结果发现那趟火车已走了。
European football is played in 80 countries,
making (=which makes) it the most popular sport
in the world.欧洲足球有80个国家都在踢，结果使
得它成为世界上最流行的运动。
另外，有时前面还带有连词，即“连词+ ing形式”“连词+-ed形式”。如：
You must be careful while crossing the
road.你过马路时一定得小心 。(=while you
are crossing…)
I won’t go to their wedding unless
invited.除非得到邀请，否则我不会出席他们
的婚礼。(=…unless I am invited)
实战演练
一、单句填空 用所给词的正确形式填空。
• 1. (2013福建) ___________(know) basic first-aid
techniques will help you respond quickly to
emergencies.
Knowing 因句中will help是谓语，前面应是非
谓语动词作主语，表示一般或抽象，用-ing形
式。
• 2. (2011深圳二模) Instantly, I felt so sorry. I
had intended_________ (help) her, completely
misunderstanding her.
to help 因intend后只能接不定式作宾语，故
填to help。
• 3. (2013 广 州 二 模 )The book claimed that
India’s people were very welcoming of tourists,
and never tried_________ (cheat) them. As I
read I felt deeply touched by these warm
words.
to cheat 表示“试图做某事”，try后要接不定
式作宾语。
• 4. (2009 广 州 二 模 )I wasn’t used to_________
(take) care of like that and it was at this moment
that his unspoken concern caught me by surprise.
being taken 由句意可知wasn’t used to意为“不
习惯”，to是介词，后面只能接-ing形式作宾语
；又因take care of后没有宾语了，可知I与take
care of是被动关系，故填being taken。
• 5. (2012广州二模)The main finding of the 30
countries survey is that the equality between
men and women is vital to _________ (improve)
living standards and health, especially for
children in developing countries.
improving 表示“对关系重大”的be vital to中
的to是介词，用-ing形式作宾语。
• 6. (2013 深 圳 二 模 )The man was
so_______ (move) that he had to fight
back tears.
moved 作表语，表示人“感动的”，
用-ed形式。
• 7.(2013 重 庆 )The engine just won’t start.
Something seems _________ (go) wrong with it.
to have gone 因seem后只能接不定式作表语，
不能接-ed或-ing形式，且根据句意“引擎发不
动，看起来好像已经出了毛病了”，可知要用
不定式的完成式。
• 8. (2009 广 州 一 模 )On their return the
father asked his son_________ (explain)
what he had learnt.
to explain 由ask sb. to do sth.可知，用不
定式作宾补。
• 9. (2013 北 京 )When we saw the road
_________ (block) with snow, we decided
to spend the holiday at home.
blocked 因the road与block(阻碍，堵塞)是
被动关系，所以用-ed形式作宾补。
• 10. (2013 陕 西 )Let those in need
_________ (understand) that we will
go all out to help them.
understand 句中in need是those的定
语，意为“有需要的人”，考查的是
let sb. do sth.句型，所以用不带to的
不定式作宾补。
• 11. (2011深 圳 一 模 )She will lift her fork to
swallow a mouthful, and then put it down again
to make another point, leaving almost all of her
meal_________ (touch).
untouched 因all of her meal与touch是被动关
系，要用-ed形式作宾补；因“将餐叉放下，又
考虑另外的问题了”，所以“留下几乎所有的
饭菜，再也没有碰过了”，故填其反义词
untouched。
• 12. (2007广州二模)With the problem ________
(solve), I felt proud of my achievement.
solved 因the problem与solve是被动关系，又由
后面“为取得的成绩感到骄傲”可知，问题已
经解决，故用-ed形容作宾补。
• 13. (2009深圳二模)A real trial began when I
stood on the platform with my legs _________
(tremble) and my mind blank. How much time
had passed by, I didn’t know.
trembling 因my legs与tremble是主动关系，又
与stood同时发生，故用-ing形式作宾补。
• 14. (2013深圳二模) _________ (open) it, he
found two small table mats and a sum of money
totaling ＄ 25,000.
Opening 因he与open是主动关系，且open与
found同时发生，所以用-ing形式作状语，表示
时间。
• 15. (2009深圳一模) _________(teach) to behave
well, my sister and I respected other people,
regardless of their age or color. My
grandmother was loved by all the people
around her.
Taught 因my sister and I与teach是被动关系，
用-ed形式作原因状语。
• 16. (2013深圳一模)Soon he disappeared
in the Men’s. I stood there _________
(puzzle). Suddenly I realized…
puzzled 因I与puzzle(使迷惑)是被动关
系，用-ed形式作状语，表示伴随状态。
• 17. (2013 广 州 一 模 )They often take
children on day-trips, _________(bring)
along with them all kinds of food for the
kids to enjoy.
bringing 因与They是主动关系，用-ing形
式作伴随状语。
• 18. (2012广州一模)The cheerful and optimistic
rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot,
_______________(dig) here and there, totally
convinced that he would find it.
digging 因rabbit与dig是主动关系，用-ing形式
作伴随状语。
• 19. (2013课标)I got to the office earlier that day,
_________(catch) the 7:30 train from Padington.
having caught 因有逗号, 后面不可能是不定式；
因逻辑主语I与catch是主动关系，用-ing形式；
“赶上七点半的火车”应在“到达办公室”之前
，发生在谓语之前，要用完成式，所以填having
caught。-ing形式的完成式作状语，表示原因，
相当于because I had caught…。
• 20. (2013北京) ________(find) the course
very difficult, she decided to move to a
lower level.
Finding 因she与find是主动关系，故用ing形式，作状语，表示原因，相当于As
she found…。
• 21. (2013 重 庆 )When I was little, my
mother used to sit by my bed, _________
(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
telling 因my mother与tell是主动关系，用
-ing 形 式 作 sit 的 伴 随 状 语 ， 相 当 于 and
tell…。
• 22. (2013山东) _________ (eat) at the cafeteria
before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
Having eaten 因Tina与eat是主动关系，用
-ing形式作状语；“以前在那个自助餐厅吃过
”应是在“不想再去那里吃”之前，发生在谓
语之前，用完成式。这里是表示原因，相当于
As she had eaten at…。
• 23. (2013山东)I stopped the car_________
(take) a short break as I was feeling tired.
to take 因“休息一会”是“停车”的目
的，作目的状语，要用不定式。
• 24. (2013湖南)The sun began to rise in the
sky, _________(bath) the mountain in
golden light.
bathing 因the sun与bath(使沐浴在……
中)是主动关系，又是同时发生，故用ing形式作状语，表示伴随。
• 25. _________(admit) to a key university, all
the students in Senior 3 are making great
efforts to study.
To be admitted 因“考入/被重点大学录取”
是“努力学习”的目的，作目的状语要用不定
式，又因all the students与admit(允许进入)是
被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。
• 26. ________(complete) all the homework
assigned by the school, the students have
to work at it till midnight.
To complete 作目的状语。
• 27. (2013广州二模)I had no other choice _____
(leave), so I agreed to pay, but only after my bag
was returned.
left 因choice与leave是被动关系，用-ed形式作
定语。
• 28. (2011 广 州 一 模 )Dudley, which is
probably the heart of the Black Country,
has a history _________ (date) back over
1,000 years.
dating 作定语，修饰history。
• 29. (2010广州二模) But the leaders did not
announce any_________ (detail) plan for Greece
after meeting Thursday in Brussels.
detailed 因plan与detail(详述)是被动关系，用
-ed形式作定语，表示“详细的”计划。
• 30. (2013北京)Volunteering gives you a chance
_________ (change) lives, including your own.
to change 不定式作定语，意为：志愿者工作给
了你一个“改变生活的”机会，包括你自己的
生活。to change lives…相当于which can change
lives…。
• 31. (2013天津)In some languages, 100 words
make up half of all words _________ (use) in
daily conversations.
used 意为“日常会话中使用的词汇”，words
与 use 是 被 动 关 系 ， 用 -ed 形 式 作 后 置 定 语 。
used…相当于定语从句which were used…。
• 32. (2013山东)The room is empty except for a
bookshelf_________ (stand) in one corner.
standing 因a bookshelf与stand是主动关系，用
-ing 形 式 作 定 语 ， standing 相 当 于 which
stands…
• 33. (2013辽宁)Laura was away in Paris for over
a week. When she got home, there was a pile of
mail _________ (wait) for her.
waiting 因a pile of mail与wait是主动关系，用ing形式作定语，waiting相当于that is waiting…
• 34. (2013湖南)You cannot accept an opinion
_________ (offer) to you unless it is based on
facts.
offered 因an opinion与offer是被动关系，所
以用-ed形式作定语，offered相当于which is
offered。句意：你不会接受别人给你提的看
法，除非是以事实为根据的看法。
• 35. (2013四川)The airport_________ (complete)
next year will help promote tourism in this area.
to be completed 由next year可知，是将来完工
，用不定式；又因the airport与complete是被动
关 系 , 所 以 用 不 定 式 的 被 动 式 作 定 语 , to be
completed相当于which will be completed。
• 36. China’s first aircraft carrier, _________
(measure) as long as 304 meters, was
handed over to the People’s Liberation
Army Navy in 2012.
measuring。因China’s first aircraft carrier
与measure(=be)是主动关系，用-ing形式作
定语，measuring…相当于定语从句which
measures…。
• 37. (2008深圳一模)My pupils, Donnie ________
(include), adored her. With her frequent
encouragement, Donnie became confident.
included 因Donnie与include是被动关系，用
-ed形式。顺便说说，表示“包括唐尼”可以是
Donnie included也可以是including Donnie。
• 38. (2013安徽) _________(found) in the early
20th century, the school keeps on inspiring
children’s love of art.
Founded 因the school与found(成立)是被动关
系，用-ed形式表示被动、完成。
• 39.(2014茂名二模)My eyes watered a bit as I
watched this scene and remembered all the
times when my own children had ran into my
arms with _________ (smile) faces.
smiling 现在分词作定语的用法，中心词faces
与定语“微笑”是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
• 40.(2014 茂 名 一 模 ) … after luckily
________ (succeed) in the national college
entrance examination, I realized my
dream again.
succeeding
动名词。
在介词after后作宾语，要用
• 41.(2014 广 州 一 模 )The Northern Essex
Community College(NECC) students and
one of their teachers spent part of their
spring break in New York City, helping
repair an area _________ (destroy) by the
hurricane.
destroyed。 根据句意可知用过去分词作定
语，表被动。
• 42.(2014 佛 山 一 模 )They observed birds
flying _________ (get) ideas, as well as
read about other inventors’ attempts to
make aircraft.
to get 不定式作目的状语。
• 43.(2014 广 州 一 模 )Inside the building, the
students saw nothing but broken walls and
doors and pieces of the building _________ (lie)
all over the place.
lying 现在分词作状语，表状态。
• 44.(2014广州调研)Within a short time of
his death, money started pouring in from
all over Scotland_________ (support) his
widow and children.
to support 不定式作状语，表目的。
• 45.(2014广州调研)He died at the age of 37 as a
result of a weak heart, brought on by years of
poor working conditions on the farm _________
(date) back to his childhood.
dating 现在分词作定语修饰前面的years。
• 46.(2014 深 圳 一 模 )Tom shook his head,
went back to the market and returned
_________ (inform) the boss ＄1.2 per kg.
to inform 在谓语动词returned后作目的
状语，用不定式。
• 47.(2014惠州三模)They ran away quickly
and hid. _________ (breath) heavily after
hiding in the mouse-hole…
Breathing 现在分词作状语，表时间。
• 48.(2014江门一模 )In Mount Berry, Georgia,
people find a group of schools _______ (build)
specially for mountain children.
built 此处作后置定语，修饰schools，两者是
被动关系，故应填其过去分词形式built。
• 49.(2013 佛 山 一 模 ) _________(compare) with
people who have to be in their offices during the
day, I don’t have to get up early…
Compared 非谓语动词作状语，表示“与……
相比”要用过去分词compared with/to…
二、语篇填空 用所给动词的正确形式填空。
Falling (fall) in love with a beautiful girl,
1. _______
a lion went to her parents and asked them 2.
to marry (marry) her to him. The old parents
_________
did not know what to say.
hoping
Not 3.________(hope)
to give their daughter
anger
to the lion, they did not want 4. to
________
(anger) the king of beasts.
At last the father said, “We are as glad as
marry
other parents 5. to
________(marry)
our daughter
to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt
her. So 6. removing
__________ (remove) your claws and
teeth, you can marry her.”
Loving (love) the girl very much, the
7. _________
lion trimmed (修剪) his claws and took out his
Coming
big teeth. 8.__________(come)
to the parents
again, he was simply laughed in his face.9.
Beaten (beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10.
_______
depressed
_________(depress)
and died soon.
这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意: 有
些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果
轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。
1. Falling 因a lion与fall是主动关系，用-ing形式
作状语，表示原因。
2. to marry 由ask sb. to do sth.可知，用不定式
作宾补。
3. hoping 因they与hope是主动关系，用-ing形式
作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didn’t
hope to…。
4. to anger 因want后只能用不定式作宾语，
意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。
5. to marry 在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，
表示原因，只能用不定式。
6. removing 因you与remove是主动关系，
用 -ing形式，作状语，表示条件，相当于if
you remove…。
7. Loving 因the lion与love是主动关系，用
-ing形式，作状语，表示原因。
8. Coming 因he与come是主动关系，用ing形式作伴随状语。
9. Beaten 因the lion与beat是被动关系，用
-ed形式作状语，表示原因。
10. depressed 表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，
用过去分词形式作表语。