Transcript 倒装

倒
装
倒装分完全倒装和部分倒装：
完全倒装：将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。
部分倒装：只把谓语中的助动词、系动词或情态动词移至
主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面。
一、倒装的原因
1．句子语法结构的需要。一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反
义疑问句和特殊疑问句等。例如：
Long live peace!
和平万岁！
Is this the first time you've been there?
你这是第一次到这里吗？
How long have you been here?
你来这里多长时间了？
These two paintings are alike, aren't they?
这两幅油画很像，不是吗？
2．一些句型的固定用法。例如：
Such were his last words.
他最后的话就是这样。
There goes the bell.
响铃了。
3．强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：
A lot of difficulties lay before us.
倒装以后：Before us lay a lot of difficulties.
The arrow went up into the air.
倒装以后：Up went the arrow into the air.
二、完全倒装
下列情况需进行完全倒装：
1．在以 here, there, now, then, in, away, up, down 等副词开
头的句子中。
In came the teacher.
老师进来了。
Here comes our teacher!
老师来了！
Now comes the chance.
机会到了。
There are just a few students in the classroom.
教室里只有几个学生。
Away went the runners.
赛跑选手们跑远了。
注意：如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不需倒装。例如：
There he comes.
他来了。
Away they hurried.
他们匆忙离去了。
2．在方式状语 thus 开头的句子中。
Thus ended his life.
这样结束了他的生命。
3．把表语或表示方位的状语提至句首时。
South of the city lies a big factory.
城南有一家大工厂。
Present are Mr. Li, my friend, Dr.Wang, my boss and his
wife.
在场的有我的朋友李先生、我的老板王博士和他的妻子。
注意：使用完全倒装的句子只有两种时态，即一般现在时
和一般过去时，也就是谓语由一个单词(且一般为不及物动词
或系表结构)构成。
4．如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词
时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。
“I wonder，” said John, “whether I can borrow your bike.”
“The radio is loud，” complained my father.
“It's very good，” he said.
三、部分倒装
下列情况需进行部分倒装：
1．only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句等)放在句首时。
Only when I got there did I know the truth.
我只有到那里时才知道事情的真相。
Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.
2．含有否定意义的副词或连词(如 little, scarcely, barely,
rarely, seldom, never, no sooner…than, not only, hardly…when…
等)放在句首时。
Not only did he come, but also he brought us good news.
他不但来了，而且给我们带来了好消息。
Never will I make that mistake again.
我再也不会犯那样的错误了。
Not until 10 o'clock will the library open.
到 10 点图书馆才会开门。
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
我刚出门，他就来看我了。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran
towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火车刚一进站，我们就跑向卧车去找我们的客人。
3．副词 so, neither, nor, no more 用在句子的开头，表示前
面说的情况也适合于一个人或事物以避免重复的句子，作
“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序。例如：
He went to the film last night.So did I.
他昨晚去看了电影，我也去了。
He hasn't been to the countryside, neither does he want to go
there.
他没去过乡村，他也不想去。
注意：如果“so”不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种
“的确如此”的意思时，句子就要用正常语序。如：
His mother told him to go to the film.So he did.
他妈妈叫他去看电影。他真的去了。
—He is a tall thin man.—So he is.
—他是一个又高又瘦的男子。—确实如此。
当前面有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时，或既有肯定又
有否定时用：So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型。如：
—I like chicken, but I don't like fish.
—我喜欢吃鸡，但是不喜欢吃鱼。
—So it is with me.
—我也一样。
Tom is an American, but lives in China.It is the same with
Jack.
汤姆是美国人，但住在中国，杰克也一样。
4．当程度短语 so＋adj./adv.放句首时。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room
could hear him.
他讲话声这么大连隔壁的人都听到了他的声音。
So small were the words that he could hardly see them.
字太小了，他几乎看不清。
5．在 if 虚拟条件句中，若从句中有系动词 were，助动词
had 和情态动词 should 时，可以不用 if，而将从句中的这些词
和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。
Were he younger(＝If he were younger), he would learn
skating.
Should they forget(＝If they should forget) to bring a map
with them, they would get lost in the woods.
Had I known what was going to happen(＝If I had known…),
I would never have left her alone.
注意：如果该虚拟条件句中，谓语部分没有 were, had 和
should 等助动词，则该从句不能变成倒装句型。如下列句子则
不能变为倒装句：
If I had enough money, I would buy a computer for my
brother.
If I knew his telephone number, I would call him.
四、其他类型的倒装
1．形容词/名词/动词＋as/though 引导的让步状语从句中
(如表语是名词，名词前不加任何冠词)。
Old as he is, he is full of energy.
Clever though he is, he is not proud.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
2．在 May…或 Long live…开头的表示祝愿的句子。
May you succeed！祝你成功！
Long live the king！国王万岁！
五、倒装在高考中的运用
倒装句在英语语法中，通常和强调句型等放在一起称为特
殊句式。在广东高考的语法填空中，近四年都不曾体现倒装句
这一考点，但是这并不意味着这一语法不重要。倒装句更多的
是在我们的写作当中体现，特别是在作文的结尾部分，如果要
用到一些号召性或呼吁性的字句，我们经常可以用到“Only＋
状语”的倒装句。比如在 2008 年高考的读写任务中，在写完
写作要点后，我们可以来个总结：Only when we are fully
prepared for college life can we adapt ourselves to the new
environment quickly.这样结尾水到渠成，文章首尾呼应，读来
一气呵成，定能吸引评卷老师的眼球。
特别要提醒考生注意的是，在运用上述句型中，如果 only
后面加的是状语从句，切记要把状语从句的引导词如 if, when,
after 等带上去，否则就是错误的句子了。
一、用所给词的适当形式填空或根据语境填入适当的助动
nor
词、连词或副词。1.She hasn't read it and ________
have I.
Had
2．________
you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3．Not only ________
he come, but also he brought us good
did
news.
as/though he was working, he didn't pass the exam.
4．Hard ________
sat
5 ． By the window ________(sit)
a young man with a
magazine in his hand.
lived
6．Once upon a time there ________(live)
a man known by
the name of Beef.
7．Not until the rain stopped ________
he leave the room.
did
8 ． Down ________(come)
the rain and up went the
came
umbrellas.
does
9．So fast ________
light travel that we can hardly imagine
its speed.
Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it.
10．________
二、把下列句子变为倒装句。
1．I didn't realize how much time I had wasted until I began
to work.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had
wasted.
2．You will be able to master the language only by practising
a few hours every day.
Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to
master the language.
3．If he were to leave today, he would get there by Sunday.
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Sunday.
4．A big yellow dog lies in front of the farm house.
In front of the farm house lies a big yellow dog.
5．He was so frightened in the darkness that he didn't dare to
move an inch.
So frightened was he in the darkness that he didn't dare to
move an inch.
6．I knew little where it would lead me when I took the trip.
Little did I know where it would lead me when I took the
trip.
7．He not only made a promise, but also he kept it.
Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.
三、用适当的词填空， 使其意思和结构完整。
Hardly had the boy seen me when he
It was in the street.1.________
quickly ran to me, eager to sell his bunches of bananas and bags of
as
peanut.Young boy 2.________
he appeared to be, he seemed to
have already known the bitterness of life.“Bananas 300
maria.Peanut 200 maria.” 3.________low
a voice did he say in
So
that I almost couldn't hear him.I bargained him down to 200 for
the fruit and nuts.4.________
Never had he sold them at such a low price,
but he finally agreed.I handed him a 500 maria bill.He didn't have
change.So I told him not to worry.He said thanks and smiled a row
of perfect teeth.
Two weeks later, I saw the boy again.Not 5.________
then
until
was I more aware of my position in a society where it is not that
uncommon to see a little boy who should be in school standing on
the corner selling fruit in the burning sun.My parents had raised
me to be aware of the advantage we had been afforded and the
responsibility it brought to us.I reached into my pocket and handed
him two flesh 500 maria bills.
Goodbye!