Transcript Document
Age of Imperialism
Ch. 27
pp. 685-709
Concept Questions
1.
How did the Industrial Revolution lead to Imperialism?
2.
What are the causes and characteristics of imperialism?
3.
How does location impact the characteristics?
4.
What are the effects of imperialism?
5.
How does imperialism lead to nationalism, alliances and World
War I?
Motivations
Political
Nationalism and the desire to increase territory
Adding port cities and trade routes
Berlin Conference – division of Africa
Economic
Need for raw materials – cotton, rubber, oils
New markets for manufactured goods – industrialization
Mining to create wealth – diamonds, gold, copper, tin
Social
Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest
White Man’s Burden – civilize other races by spreading their culture
Spread of Christianity through missionaries
Types of Imperialism
Forms
Characteristics
Example
Colony
A country or region governed
internally by a foreign power
Somaliland in East Africa was a
French colony
Protectorate
A country or territory with its Britain established a
own internal government but
protectorate over the Niger
under the control of an outside River delta
power
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside
power claims exclusive
investment or trading
privileges
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed The Dole Fruit Company
nations controlled by private
controlled the pineapple trade
business interests rather than
in Hawaii
by other governments
Liberia was under the sphere
of influence of the U.S.
Management of Colonies
Direct
Foreign officials brought in to
rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation
Government institutions are
based only on European styles
Examples:
French: Somaliland, Vietnam
German: Tanganyika
Portuguese: Angola
Indirect
Local government officials were
used
Limited self-rule
Goal: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are
based on European styles but
may have local rules
Examples:
British: Nigeria, India, Burma
U.S.: Pacific Islands
Middle East
Modernization of Egypt under Muhammad Ali
Big debt owed to Britain
Built the Suez Canal - connected Red Sea to Mediterranean
British take control of the Canal to pay for debts
Ottoman Turks
Weak sultans cause a decline in power
European countries rush to grab territory
Geopolitics - interest in land for strategic location or products
Example: Britain and Russia – Persian Gulf for oil
India – “Jewel of the Crown”
Queen Victoria – 1837-1901
British East India Company
Control over India
No competition allowed between British and Indian companies
Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny – Indian Revolt of 1857
Pushed by Christian conversions and racism
Indian soldiers rebelled but unable to coordinate between
Hindu and Muslim Indians
Failure causes the Raj – increased control by Britain (1757 –
1947)
Indians are second class citizens in their own country
China
Series of concessions
Not impressed by technology of the west
Pride in ancient culture and self-sufficient
Opium Wars
British sales of Opium to purchase tea
Chinese executed opium dealers, Britain responded with war
Superior technology allows Britain to win and establish spheres of influence
Taiping Rebellion
Rebellion caused by the Opium War loss
Manchu rulers challenged
European help needed to put down the rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
Interior rebellion protesting foreign influence
Hundreds of foreigners killed
U.S. plays large role in putting down the rebellion establishing their own
influence in China – Open Door Policy
Japan
Commodore Mathew Perry
Black Fleet
Treaty of Kanagawa - agreed to trade with western powers to
avoid colonization
Modernization
Becomes imperialistic to compete with the west
Sino-Japanese War – vs. China over Korea
Russo-Japanese War – vs. Russia over Manchuria
Korea annexed and ruled harshly
Southeast Asia
French and British lay claims in Indochina
Efforts to drive out foreign influence
Siam (Thailand) – King Mongkut
Argued that his country was a natural buffer between British
and French colonies
Was able to modernize and maintain independence
U.S. - acquires Pacific Islands (Spanish-American War)
Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico
Panama Canal
Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani – overthrown to allow annexation
Sanford B. Dole becomes president of republic, immediately requests
statehood
Imperialists Divide Africa
Africa Before Imperialism
Independent - traders, military, nations
Nations Compete for Overseas Empires
Abuse by the Belgian King Leopold
Berlin Conference – division of Africa - unnatural divisions based on what the European
nations wanted ( no African invited)
Cash crops replace food crops – impact?
Military Technology: modern weapons, naval vessels
Made conquest easier
Transportation Technology: steamboats, railroads
Made settlement in the interior possible
Transported goods as well as people
Communication: telegraphs, cables, wireless radio
Medical: quinine
Africa
Three Groups Clash over South Africa
Africans (Zulu), Dutch (Boers), British
Zulu chief, Shaka created a state in Southern Africa through
military actions
Great Trek – movement of Boers north (Guns,Germs,Steel)
Boer War – Dutch vs. British in attempt to keep foreigners
out of S. Africa
Few African Nations able to remain independent
Impact of Colonial Rule
Positive
Reduced local warfare
Improved sanitation, hospitals, schools
Infrastructure - railroads (Cecil Rhodes), telephone/telegraph, dams
African products valued
Negative
Lost control of their land & independence
Abuses of human rights
Resistance in some regions
Cash crops over food crops – caused famine
Disease
Loss of culture and identity
Depletion of natural resources
Boundaries which caused rivalries between groups
Increased competition between European nations