Transcript Imperialism - Parsons World

Unit 5 Lesson 2
Imperialism: 1800-1914
VOCABULARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Imperialism
Protectorate
Direct Rule
Indirect Rule
Sphere of Influence
HEAD ON COLLISION
• ENLIGHTENMENT: USHRED IN THE AGE OF REASON AND SCIENCE
– CHARLES DARWIN
– CAPITALISM
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLTION
– CHANGE IN ECONOMY IN EUROPE
– NEW TECHNOLOGIES
– DEMAND DWINDLES
NEED FOR NEED MARKETS
Enlightenment + IR = Imperialism !!!!
Imperialism
1. The extension of one country’s power
over others.
2. The intense scramble for overseas
colonies.
3. Direct control over vast territories.
Causes of Imperialism
1. Economics (gold)
Western countries wanted new markets and raw
materials such as rubber, tin, and oil.
2. Gaining an advantage over your rivals (glory)
Colonies were a source of power and failure to have
these colonies was a sign of weakness.
Causes of Imperialism
3. Social Darwinism (gospel)
Superior races must dominate the weaker and
inferior races. Only the strong shall survive.
4. Religion and Humanitarianism (gospel)
White people had a moral obligation to civilize
ignorant people. This concept is referred to as
“White Man’s Burden”.
Gold
• For new industry
• New markets for goods
• Investment in new enterprise
• Outlet for population growth
Gospel
• Seen by many that it was their duty to “westernize” the uneducated, unchurched, “little brothers” beyond the seas.
• Send them; medicine, law and religion if they want it or not.
Glory
• Naval bases around the world
– Islands or harbors seized
• For trade and resupply
• National security
– Seizing land near rivals
• Ruling a global empire increases “power and prestige”
TYPES OF IMPERIALISM
1. Protectorate - a political unit (colony) that depends on someone else for
protection.
2. Direct Rule - form of rule where local officials were removed from power
and replaced with a new set of officials from the mother country.
3. Indirect Rule - form of rule where local officials were allowed to keep their
positions of authority and status but in a new colonial setting.
4. Sphere of Influence- area in which an outside power claimed exclusive
investment or trading priviledges.
Did anyone resist?
Types of Resistance
1. Resistance from the existing rulers.
2. Peasant Revolts.
3. Resistance based on nationalism (true love for your people/culture).
- this form of resistance was begun by intellectuals to defend the
economic and religious beliefs of the natives.
SOCIAL DARWINISM
Survival of the
fittest
Only the strong
survive!
Racial superiority
“Imperialism was
natures way of
improving the
human species”
Africa Before Imperialism
• Early 1800’s
– North Africa
• Ruled by Muslims long before 1800
– West Africa
• Taken over by Muslims
– East Africa
• Muslim rule and slave trade
– South Africa
• Ruled by Zulu tribe
Overview of areas Imperialized
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Africa
India
China
Southeast Asia
Australia
Africa AFTER IMPERIALISM
• Land rush started by Belgium
– Claimed the Congo
• Berlin conference
– Held in Germany
– No Africans invited
– Rules decided for dividing the continent
• Borders redrawn and country divided with total disregard for the
people living there.
India
• British influence
– East India Company est. early 1600’s
• Diverse population
– Many languages and cultures
– Unable to unite against British
• Britain encourages competition and disunity among rivalries
India
• India: Britain tries to
westernize them
– Improves living conditions
– Educate, religion, end slavery
• British goal to get $$$!
– India has tea!
– British like tea!
• India still a source of
overseas outsourcing!
CHINA
• Limited trade w/ west
• Trade silk, porcelain and tea
for gold & silver
– Just like today, western
nations bought more from
China then they sold to them!
• Opium war
– Opium traded for tea
– Chinese become addicted
– Pay silver for the drug
• Disrupts their economy
Southeast Asia
• Island chains control
shipping lanes of India
and China
• Dominated by Dutch,
British and French
• Source of raw materials
– Rubber, spices, fruit
Australia
Settled by Britain
• Prison colony
• Settlers encouraged by
free land and tools
• Gold Rush in 1851
• Sheep herders and
wheat farms
• Indigenous peoples
killed in their wake
– Aborigines