Transcript Nationalism, Expansion, and the Market Economy 1816-1845

Nationalism, Expansion, and the
Market Economy 1816-1845
Chapter 10
James Monroe
I. “Era of Good Feeling”
1. 1816-James Monroe elected president
2. Tension:
1. Tariffs
2. Slavery
3. Political power
3. Patriotism
4. Reverence for past American heroes
II. A New Tariff and its Opposition
1. Tariff of 1816
2. Protect American industry
3. 20% duty on imported goods; 1st
“protective tariff”
4. Sectional Crisis
1. South hated it-John C. Calhoun
2. North needed it-Daniel Webster
A New Tariff and its Opposition
(cont’d)
5. American System—Henry Clay
6. Re-charter of the Bank of U.S.
7. Tariffs
8. Infrastructure
9. Monroevetoed bills for public works
10. MonroeConst. didn’t provide for the
Fed. Gov. to fund public works in the
states
III. Troubles with the Bank of the
United States
1. Panic of 1819—Second BUS
overspeculated
2. BUSpayments hard specie (coin)
3. Banks loaned out $$no vaulted money!
4. BUSforeclosure on farmers who
couldn’t pay their debts
5. Landless farmers
IV. Missouri Compromise
1. Should newly admitted states allow
slavery?
2. South needed slaves
3. North didn’t
4. 1819-Missouri applies for statehood
5. 1819-11 free states; 11 slave states
6. Tallmadge Amendment
1. Admit MO as a state
2. No more slaves to be brought into MO
3. Emancipation for children of slaves at 25
7. Missouri Compromise 1820
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3 Bills
MO a slave state
Maine a free state
36°30´--no slavery above this line!!!
Lasted 34 years
V. Monroe Doctrine
1. Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817
1. Disarmed Great Lakes & frontier borders
2. Created longest unfortified border
2. Adam-Onis Treaty
1. U.S. gains FL
2. Spain abandons claims in the Oregon
Territory
Monroe Doctrine (cont’d)
3. Britain wanted an alliance with the U.S.
4. Sec. of State John Q. AdamsNo way!
5. Monroe Doctrine
1. “Nonintervention” in Latin America
2. End to European colonization
3. Check the power of Europe in the western
hemisphere
VI. Economy and Society
1.
2.
3.
4.
1820-1860—National Market Economy
Westgrains/food for our nation
East/North-->Industry
Southplantation; Cotton gin (Eli
Whitney 1793)
VII. Transportation
1. Turnpikes; toll roads
2. National Road (Cumberland)
1. Connected western Maryland & Illinois
3.
Robert Fulton;
Steamboat
1807
Transportation Advancement
(cont’d)
Keelboat
4. Erie Canal, 1825
5. Linked the Great Lakes & the Hudson
River
1. Led to growth of port cities
2. Cost of shipping dropped
6. RRfastest, most convenient; shipping
by freight
7. 1860—30,000 miles of RR
8. Gap between rich & poor widened
9. East & west closely connected
10. North & south tension grew
VIII. Immigrants and Society
1. Shift in demographics
2. 1840s—Irish & German immigrants
3. 1830-1860—Irish largest immigrant
group
4. Irish
1. Roman Catholic
2. Poor
3. Competed for jobs
Immigrants and Society (cont’d)
5. Germans not popular either:
1. Displaced farmers
2. Western frontier
6. Nativists—Anti-immigrant
7. 1849—American Party (Know Nothing
Party)
8. Opposed immigration
Immigrants and Society (cont’d)
9. Opposed election of Roman Catholics
10. Met in secret; when asked what they
stood for they said: “I KNOW NOTHING”
IX. Sectional Tension Grows,
1820-1850
1. Industrial North & Agricultural Northwest