Creating a Nation: Beginnings to 1877
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Transcript Creating a Nation: Beginnings to 1877
The Nation Matures
US entered an “Era of Good Feelings”
Strong nationalism
James Monroe became nation’s 5th president
The Missouri Compromise
MO applied to enter as a slave state
Upset balance of power in Senate
Maine requested admission to
Union as a separate state
Agreed to admit Maine as a
free-state, MO as a slave-state
Slavery would be prohibited
north of MO’s southern border
The Nation Matures
American Nationalism
Shifted from world affairs to national growth
Spain’s colonies were fighting for independence
President Monroe proclaimed the Monroe Doctrine
Western Hemisphere was closed to European nations
1816 – Rep. John C. Calhoun (SC) introduced Second
Bank of United States
Power to issue currency and control state banks
Tariff of 1816
Protective tariff to raise the price of import
Chief Justice John Marshall’s Court
McCullouch vs. Maryland
Life in the North
1815-1860 many foreigners came to America
Some went West, others settled in the cities
Fought against immigrants who did not fit the WASP
mold
Workers began to organize and form unions
Prices dropped in 1860, leading to lower wages and
poorer conditions
Employers did not want to work with them, and courts
ruled against them
Agriculture remained the leading economic activity
Until late 1800s
The Land of Cotton
Farming was even larger in the South
16% of nation’s manufacturing
Thrived on cash crops
Tobacco, cotton, rice, and sugarcane
Cotton Becomes King
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin
Cotton production soared
Increased demand for enslaved labor
Slavery
Slaves were given all types of tasks
Abide by Slave Codes
Found methods to resist slavery
The Age of Jackson
Elected president in 1828
Spoils System
Wanted ordinary citizens to play a role in government
Kitchen Cabinet
Growing Rift
Passed a large tariff in 1832
South Carolina adopted an
ordinance of nullification
Jackson dismantled the Second
Bank
Sent nation in to a Depression
Trail of Tears
Ordered all Cherokee to a new land
with the Indian Removal Act
A Reforming Society
Temperance
Movement to stop the consumption of alcohol
Prisons, Asylums, and School Reform
Worked on rehabilitating prisoners
Recognized mentally handicapped and sent to asylums
Established a system of public education for all children
Women’s Rights
1848 – Seneca Falls Convention
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Focus on suffrage
A Reforming Society
Abolitionism
Divided the nation
Religious groups viewed slavery as a sin
Free African Americans took prominent roles
Frederick Douglass
Sojourner Truth
Religious antislavery speeches attracted huge crowds