Transcript George Washington’s Presidency

NATIONAL AND REGIONAL
GROWTH
Industrial Revolution
• Early 1800s
• machines replace hand tools. Large-scale
manufacturing replace farming as the main
source of work.
• War of 1812 partly responsible – why?
Americans are forced to make their own goods
and not import due to blockade.
Factory System
• http://www.history.com/topics/industrialrevolution/videos/industrial-revolution
• brings workers and machines together under one roof.
• need to build near source of water to power the
machines.
• people leave farms in search of better life and more $.
• NE is prime spot – lots of fast moving rivers
• hired men/women/children; worked 12-15 hour days/6
days per week. Even so, still better opportunities than
farm life offered
Interchangeable parts
• huge invention
• makes goods cheaper - why?
– Unskilled labor can be used
– Cheaper to build
Eli Whitney
Whitney’s inventions
Cotton Gin
• http://havefunwithhistory.com/movies/cottonGin.html
• New machine increase amount a slave could clean up to 50
pounds/day.
• $ increases from $22 million in 1820 to $200 million in 1830.
• Saves dying cotton economy and makes cotton king.
• Cotton kills the land quickly.
• Always need new land to farm – one of the main reasons for the
westward movement in South – once find a way to make cotton
profitable, all need is land and workers.
• Plenty of land – plenty of slaves. (spread to SC, GA, northern FL,
Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and TX)
• Because cotton is king, South ignores Industrial Revolution and lags
behind in technology. Depends heavily on imports of tools and
food from North and England.
Slavery in the South
• Only about 1/3 of white families owned slaves in 1840.
• Of the 1/3, only about 1/10 had large plantations w/ 20 or more
slaves.
• Creates a social hierarchy in the South.
• 1808 – became illegal to import Africans as slaves, so trade
continues w/ American slaves.
• Families become more and more split.
• Leads to runaways (read “Runagate, Runagate”) and rebellions.
• Nat Turner and 70 followers kill 55 whites during one rebellion.
• Leads to death of more than 200 African-Americans in retaliation.
Fear reigns on both sides.
James Madison’s Presidency
1815 –Madison (father of the Constitution)
wants to create a plan to make the US selfsufficient.
Henry Clay
Clay’s plan – The American System
• Helps to promote Nationalism.
• Three parts:
– Establish a protective tariff (tax on imported goods) to
make in more beneficial to buy American over foreign.
What section of the US does this tariff benefit? Who
does it hurt? SC threatens to secede for the first time
in 1832
– Establish a national bank to promote a single currency.
Becomes the Second Bank of the US (who set up the
First Bank of the US?)
– Improve the country’s transportation system through
roads and canals.
Transportation
Sectionalism
• Sectionalism becomes a factor because:
– South focusing on slavery and cotton
– North focusing on manufacturing and trade
– West focuses on cheap land and good
transportation
• All 3 want FEDERAL legislation to help their
section
Missouri Compromise of 1820
• Fear that the North will control the Federal
Government and try to end slavery. Tremendous
push to keep number of slave and free states
equal so that Senate does not fall to the North as
the House has done (Why?)
• Designed by Henry Clay
• Missouri – slave
• Maine – free
• No more slavery in Territory NORTH of Missouri
John Quincy Adams’ Presidency
1825-1829
The Campaign of 1824
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Henry Clay
John Quincy Adams
William Crawford
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson’s Presidency
1829-1837
Trail of Tears
• http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/a
kh10.socst.ush.exp.trail/trail-of-tears/
Trail of Tears
William Henry Harrison’s
Presidency
1841 – lasts on one month
Manifest Destiny
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkdF8pO
FUfI
“Remember the Alamo”
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Lure of the West
$
Resources
GOLD
See p. 395
Underground Railroad