Transcript Chapter_11_-_P.ppt

Chapter 11
National & Regional Growth
In this chapter we will learn how new inventions
influenced the growth and development of the
United States; causing slavery to spread rapidly in
the agricultural South and causing the North to
become increasingly more industrial. We will also
learn how these two regions started coming into
conflict with each other because of these different
paths and visions on what the United States should
be.
1807 Robert Fulton launches a steamboat on the
Hudson River.
1808 Congress bans the African slave trade.
1812 War of 1812 disrupts U.S. shipping.
1813 Weaving factory built in Waltham,
Massachusetts.
Image
1820 Missouri Compromise balances number
of slave and free states.
1823 Monroe Doctrine issued.
1825 Erie Canal completed.
1831 Nat Turner leads slave rebellion in Virginia.
To World
1844 Telegraph line connects Washington,
D.C., and Baltimore.
1804 Haiti wins independence from France.
1815 Napoleon defeated at Waterloo.
1821 Peru and Mexico gain independence from Spain.
1825 First public railroad operates in England.
1833 Slavery is abolished in British Empire.
1839 Louis Daguerre is recognized for his
photographic process.
Back to U.S.
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Section 1:
Early Industry & Inventions
• Main Idea
• New machines and factories changed
the way people lived and worked in the
late 1700s and early 1800s.
• Why is it important?
• We are still developing new
technologies today.
Important Industrial Revolution Inventions
Telegraph –
Samuel F.B. Morse –
1837
Steam Boat – Robert Fulton – 1807
Steel Plow – John Deere
1836
Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney – 1793
Interchangeable Parts – Eli Whitney – 1801
**In your own words, describe what you think
The above inventions were used for
The Industrial Revolution
• A time when factory machines replaced hand tools
and manufacturing goods replaced farming as the
main source of work.
• Began in Europe in the late 1700s and caught on in
America in the early - mid 1800s.
• Changed almost everything about how we got our
basic needs met (food, clothes, shelter,
transportation, etc.)
• Technological advances increased profits and
productivity.
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
• During the War of 1812 the United States began
manufacturing on a much larger scale than before.
• Trade with other nations was blocked
• Americans began to make their own goods and
soon got very experienced at it.
• A vast supply of natural resources and land brought
immigrants to the United States who could be used
to work in factories.
• Many new technologies and inventions were
created that helped production both on the farm
and in the city.
Causes of the Industrial Revolution Cont.
• Improvements in transportation and
manufacturing led many people to move to
cities (urbanization)
• Cities became the home to many factories
where goods were produced in mass
quantities.
• This created the beginnings of our Industrial
Revolution which brought RAPID
industrialization and urbanization to the
United States.
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
• North: Industrial Economy (manufacturing &
trade)
• Factories started in New England because rivers were used
to generate power for factories and to ship goods.
•Steam engines eventually eliminated the need for water
for power and factories began to move to other places.
• Large population movement to the North for jobs and a
“better” way of life.
• Produced textiles (cloth) as a major source of revenue
(money).
• Supports high tariffs so that goods made in the United
States will be chosen over goods from other nations.
The Factory System
(an effect on the North)
• This system brought many workers and machines together
under one roof to produce a good.
• The invention of interchangeable parts and machine tools
allowed workers to be very unskilled and untrained.
• Lowell Mills
• Henry Cabot Lowell created factories that spun raw
cotton into yarn and made it into cloth.
• Employed farm girls during their teenage years. They
lived in boarding houses near the factory and were held
to strict behavioral and performance requirements.
• At first the pay and conditions were decent but as the
factory started losing profits wages and conditions
declined.
The Factory System cont.
• Workers in other Northern factories were usually women and
children who were not paid very much for their labor and had
very few rights.
• Children were used because they were cheaper than adults
and were small enough to fit inside the machines if
something needed to be fixed or got stuck.
•Many children were injured or maimed this way.
• If a worker (adult or child) got sick or hurt they were simply
fired. There were no unemployment benefits, workman’s
compensation plans, or insurance.
• Workers were not allowed to join unions to protect their
rights. If they tried to join unions they were fired and then
put on a “black-list” so they could not be hired at other jobs
either.
• Some workers were made to sign contracts promising they
would not try and join a union.
Inventors & their Inventions
Inventor
Invention
Effect on society/industry
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable
parts
Contributed to the growth of mass production in the United
States by making production MUCH easier and faster and much
more reliable.
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin
Allowed MUCH more cotton to be cleaned and processed a
day and increased clothing production. Made cotton farming
MUCH more profitable. Expanded the use of slaves in the
south for cheap farm labor.
Samuel F.B.
Morse
Telegraph
Improved communication
Allowed people to track news and movements of friends and
family.
Allowed businesses to track orders and shipments of goods.
Robert Fulton
Steam Boat
(powered by
steam engine)
Allowed people and goods to travel much faster
(Steam engines would soon be used in trains as well to improve
the transportation industry even more)
Samuel Slater
Textile Mills
Mass production of cloth for making clothing and other goods.
Mils employed mostly unskilled workers (women and children).
Inventors & their Inventions
Inventor
Invention
Effect on society/industry
James
Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny
Spun thread into cloth for mass production of clothing,
etc.
Elias Howe
Sewing
Machine
Allowed cloth to be turned into clothes quickly and on a
mass scale. Clothes could now be made in factories for
profit and purchased in stores instead of hand-made
(giving women more leisure time).
John Deere
Steel Plow
Made plowing much easier and allowed it to go much
faster. It was easier to make a profit at cash-cropping.
McCormick
Mechanical
Reaper
Greatly increased farm production
Henry
Bessemer
Bessemer Steel
Process
(not until mid1850s)
Process of purifying hot iron ore to make steel. Things
that were once made out of iron (railroad tracks, etc.)
could now be made out of steel which lasts much longer
before breaking.
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
• South: Agricultural Economy
• Became an economy based on cash crops and
plantations (usually cotton) that relied heavily on
slave labor to be profitable.
• Opposed high tariffs because their cotton was still
worth the same amount of money in trade with
other nations yet they had to pay higher prices for
the goods they got in exchange.
Canals and Roadways Link US
• To help transport goods and people the US started
building long-distance roads and Canals.
• The Erie Canal was built between Buffalo, NY and
New York, NY
• This benefited commerce (business) by allowing
people and goods to move from East to West
MUCH faster.
• Trade stimulated by the canal helped New York
City become the largest city in the US.
2 Column Chart: Effects of Industrial
Revolution per Region
North
South
Section 2:
Plantations & Slavery Spread
• Main Idea
• The invention of the cotton gin and the
demand for cotton caused slavery to
spread in the South.
• Why does it matter?
• The spread of slavery caused lasting
racial and sectional tensions which not
only led to the Civil War but plagued
our nation for many years.
The Cotton Gin & the Cotton Boom
• Cotton was very hard to pick and clean
• Doing it all by hand wasn’t very profitable
• With the Cotton Gin, a single worker could produce 50
lbs. of cotton each day.
• This soon became the fastest growing industry in America
because cotton was now worth more than most other farm
products.
• It caused many farmers to move further west in order to get
more land for cotton farming.
• It relied very heavily on slave labor to make profits so more
and more slaves were purchased for use on plantations.
• Cotton robs the soil of nutrients which will become an issue
later.
The Plantation System
• A plantation is a large farm that raises
cash crops to be sold at market or to be
traded.
• Crops grown on plantations are usually
cotton, rice, tobacco, etc. and are grown
and tended to by slaves.
• The plantation system is another way to
describe how the South was set up before
the Civil War.
The Plantation System Cont.
• The economy in the South became based on
the system of forced labor of slaves. Without
slaves the economy of the South would have
been destroyed.
• Plantation owners needed to use slaves for
labor because if they had to pay all the workers
they needed to raise their crops they would not
have made any profit.
• Plantation owners were wealthy and were at the
top of society and they usually played very
important roles in their communities.
Plantation System Flowchart
• Use the following to create a flowchart
of the plantation system.
1. Invention of the cotton gin
2. Labor shortage in the colonies
3. Increased cotton production
4. Growth of Slavery
Section 3
Nationalism and Sectionalism
• Main Idea…
• The War of 1812 created patriotic
pride among Americans but
differences and tensions began
developing between the North and
the South.
• Why does it matter?
• These tensions eventually lead to the
Civil War and the differences among
the regions of our nation are still
present today!
Sectionalism
• Sectionalism= Loyalty to your own region, or part,
of the nation rather than the whole nation itself.
• Since the increased national unity and patriotism
during the War of 1812, the North and South had
grown in 2 different directions each wanted
different things.
• This started causing lots of arguments and
problems
• Each section of the nation was trying to get their
own way in the government and each trying to
make the most money.
Loyal to their section…they thought
of themselves...
•as citizens of their own
state first,
•as Regions second,
•and as U.S. citizens third.
Sectionalism Chart
North Wanted:
South Wanted:
Free Labor
Slavery and some free
labor
Wanted to be able to
extend slavery
Relied on agriculture
Wanted slavery abolished
or limited
Strong basis for industry
Strong federal
government
High Tariffs
State’s Rights
Low Tariffs
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri applied for statehood in 1817
• The people of Missouri wanted to have slavery in
their new state.
• There were 11 states where slavery was allowed and
11 states where it wasn’t.
• This sparked a HUGE debate in Congress about
whether or not Missouri should be allowed to have
slavery.
• Either way, one side would have more power than
the other side in the Senate.
Missouri Compromise
• Angry Southerners said Congress didn’t have the power to
ban slavery and each state had the right to have slaves if they
wished.
• They were afraid if there were more free states than
slave states, the free states would gang up on them and
ban slavery all together!
• Luckily Maine also wanted to become a state.
• Henry Clay (known as the “Great Compromiser”) came up
with the idea to keep the balance of power in the Senate
equal.
• Maine became a free state
• Missouri became a slave state
• Slavery was outlawed south of the Missouri Compromise
Line (36° 30’ Missouri’s Southern Border)
The Monroe Doctrine
• Created by President James Monroe in 1823
• Was addressed to European powers in case they planned
on trying to regain control of former colonies in Latin
America.
• Stated that the United States DEMANDED that Europe
stay out of the affairs of Latin America (no colonization).
• Monroe declared that any attempt to re-colonize would
be seen as “dangerous to our peace and safety”
• We (the United States) wanted to be the big influence in
Latin America and didn’t want any other nations
crowding in on us.
• This showed that the US saw itself as a world power!
Monroe Doctrine