Transcript Lesson 1 English Civil War

(you say you want a revolution…)
 King Charles I
 Royalists
 Cavaliers
 Cavaliers, named
because they were
members of the cavalry
(soldiers trained to fight
on horseback)
 Parliamentarians
 Roundheads
 Oliver Cromwell
 Fought for Parliament
 Roundheads, named for
their close-cut hair, very
different from the free
flowing locks of the
Cavaliers
Who do you think will have the upper hand?
 King James I was a big believer in the divine right of
kings (reigned from 1603-1625)
 He believed that God put him on the throne and as a
result, he could rule any way he chose
 His son would go on to become King Charles I
(reigned from 1625-1649) and thought that dad had a
GREAT idea
 Parliament had other ideas
 King Henry VIII founded the




Church of England in 1529
In 1625, King Charles I
married Queen Henrietta
Maria of France, a fiercely
Catholic nation
Puritans believed the King to
be a secret Catholic
In 1637, Charles I tried to
force Scotland to make
changes to their church
services
In 1639, Scotland objected
and mounted a rebellion
 Charles I needed to put down the Scottish rebellion of 1639
 You need money to fight a war
 Charles needed money from Parliament in order to fight
the war
 Parliament hadn’t been in session for 11 years (only the king
could call Parliament and he didn’t want to hear their
complaints)
 In 1642, King Charles I
moved to arrest the
leaders of Parliament,
but they’d been tipped
off and escaped
 War was now inevitable
 The king had the
strongest support in the
north of England
 Parliament’s support was
strongest near London
and in southeast
England
 Families were often on
opposite sides of the
fight
 Charles I was defeated in




1648 and executed in 1649
Oliver Cromwell was
named Lord Protector of
England in 1653
Cromwell was not much
better than King Charles I
After Cromwell’s death in
1658, Charles I’s son was
“restored” to the throne
Cromwell’s body was dug
up and dragged through
the streets