Lesson 1 English Civil War
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Transcript Lesson 1 English Civil War
(you say you want a revolution…)
King Charles I
Royalists
Cavaliers
Cavaliers, named
because they were
members of the cavalry
(soldiers trained to fight
on horseback)
Parliamentarians
Roundheads
Oliver Cromwell
Fought for Parliament
Roundheads, named for
their close-cut hair, very
different from the free
flowing locks of the
Cavaliers
Who do you think will have the upper hand?
King James I was a big believer in the divine right of
kings (reigned from 1603-1625)
He believed that God put him on the throne and as a
result, he could rule any way he chose
His son would go on to become King Charles I
(reigned from 1625-1649) and thought that dad had a
GREAT idea
Parliament had other ideas
King Henry VIII founded the
Church of England in 1529
In 1625, King Charles I
married Queen Henrietta
Maria of France, a fiercely
Catholic nation
Puritans believed the King to
be a secret Catholic
In 1637, Charles I tried to
force Scotland to make
changes to their church
services
In 1639, Scotland objected
and mounted a rebellion
Charles I needed to put down the Scottish rebellion of 1639
You need money to fight a war
Charles needed money from Parliament in order to fight
the war
Parliament hadn’t been in session for 11 years (only the king
could call Parliament and he didn’t want to hear their
complaints)
In 1642, King Charles I
moved to arrest the
leaders of Parliament,
but they’d been tipped
off and escaped
War was now inevitable
The king had the
strongest support in the
north of England
Parliament’s support was
strongest near London
and in southeast
England
Families were often on
opposite sides of the
fight
Charles I was defeated in
1648 and executed in 1649
Oliver Cromwell was
named Lord Protector of
England in 1653
Cromwell was not much
better than King Charles I
After Cromwell’s death in
1658, Charles I’s son was
“restored” to the throne
Cromwell’s body was dug
up and dragged through
the streets