Transcript English Constitutional Monarchy

English
Constitutional
Monarchy
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
Adapted by: Mr. Reiner Kolodinski
The Stuart Monarchy
James I [r. 1603-1625]– House of Stuart
Son of Mary, Queen of Scots
James I’s speech to the House of
Commons:
I am surprised that my ancestors
should ever be permitted such an
institution to come into existence.
I am a stranger, and found it
here when I arrived, so that I am
obliged to put up with what I
cannot get rid of!
Attitude = Divine Right!!
Star Chamber courts used
instead of Parliamentary
courts… justice?
James I [r. 1603-1625]

Strong Anglican
• Anti-Puritan
• Separatists leave
England…Plymouth
Pilgrims

Anti-Parliament
• Customs Duties
imposed ($$) to
avoid Parliament


Catholic alliances
Jamestown, VA…
• Anti-tobacco
Ship Money Assessments, 1636
[per square mile]
What could
account for the
differences in
assessments
(duties / taxes)
for the different
regions of the
country?
King James
Bible,
1611
•English
Translation
•Royal
Influence in
language
Charles I [r. 1625-1649]

Anti-Parliament
• Tariffs, duties,
taxes and
quartering troops

Petition of Right
• Parliament must
approve taxes
• No quartering
troops
• No imprisonment
without just cause
Petition of Right, 1628
Nicknamed “The Stuart Magna Carta”
Original Magna Carta issued 1215 =
Against royal abuse of power
Contract between King & Nobles
Limited the power of the King
Guaranteed Rights… Jury, Due Process
Required Parliament’s consent on taxes
Charles I by Van Dyck
(1633)
The Many Faces of
Charles I

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Charles I hired to Thomas Wentworth
Earl of Stafford
raise money for
the crown
Centralized the
government
Sought new
revenue sources
Enforced and
extended laws
Angered
Parliament & the
people
Archbishop
William Laud

Forced religious
conformity in Britain
• Book of Common Prayer
• Puritans & Presbyterians
protested


Scots revolt… needs $
“Short Parliament”
• Power of the Purse
• Parliament seeks
cooperation
• Charles dissolves
Parliament = “short”
The Long Parliament
1640-1660

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Charles I called on Parliament for military
funding vs. Scots in rebellion
Parliament divided religiously & politically
Parliament suspended royal decrees
Laud & Wentworth impeached AND
executed by Parliament
Parliament invaded by Charles I & then
passes Military Ordinance… civil war!
Allegiance
of
Members
of the
Long
Parliament
(1640-1660)
English Civil War (1621-1649)
Royalists
(Cavaliers)
vs
Parliamentarians
(Roundheads)
a
House of Lords
† House of Commons
a
N & W England
† S & E England
a
Aristocracy
† Puritans
a
Large landowners
† Merchants
a
Church officials
† Townspeople
a
More rural, less
prosperous
† More urban , more
prosperous
Oliver Cromwell
The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]
† Roundheads prevail after bloody
Civil War
† Thomas Hobbes – “Leviathan”
† Cromwell est. Puritan Republic
aka Commonwealth (1649-1653)
† Abolished House of Lords,
monarchy & official church
† Executed Charles I in public
† Conquered Scotland & Ireland
† Disbanded Parliament 1653
New Model Army Soldier’s Catechism



Puritan Rule or else
Atrocities vs. Irish
Catholics
Military rule = martial
law
• Limited Freedoms
The Public Beheading of Charles I
Why is this execution so significant?
Oliver Cromwell
The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]
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The Protectorate (1654-60)
= dictatorship
Cromwell is Lord Protector
Strict Puritan rule
Prohibited theatre, dance,
alcohol, etc.
Limited rights
Religious conformity
Ended 1658 @ Cromwell’s
death
King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]
The Restoration
a
Charm, poise, & political
skills
a
Restored theaters,
reopened pubs and brothels
a
Religious toleration
a
Secret Catholic sympathies
a
Avoids father’s mistakes
King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]
a
a
1661  “Cavalier” Parliament [filled w/ Royalists]

Disbanded Puritan army + Pardoned Puritan rebels.

Restored authority of the Church of England.
1662  Clarendon Code [Act of Uniformity]


Anglican religious conformity = All had to use the
Anglican Book of Common Prayer.
Forbade “non-conformists” to worship publicly,
teach their faith, or attend English universities…
Catholics, Presbyterians, Jews
King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]
a
Restoration colonies in America = N+S Carolina
a
1673 Test Act

a
Non-Anglicans excluded from civilian / military
positions.
[Puritans = “radicals” / Catholics = “traitors!”]
1679 Habeas Corpus Act
 Govt. must explain why I am in prison =
Writ of Habeus Corpus
Charles II’s Foreign Policy
Second Anglo-Dutch War
1665 – 1667
a
Charles II + Louis XIV = ideal ally vs. the
Dutch… Catholic sympathies, $$
a
1670  Treaty of Dover = E + F vs. Dutch
a
Declaration of Indulgence rescinds
Clarendon Code (?)
The Popish Plot 1678

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Titus Oates swore RCs
were plotting Charles II
assassination
Parliament
believed…Hysteria…
innocents died…
plot was a lie
Oates condemned &
humiliated
King James II [r. 1685-1688]
a
Bigoted convert to
Catholicism
a
Stubborn, no
compromise.
a
Alienated all
a
Provoked a revolution
King James II [r. 1685-1688]…seriously?
a
Put Catholics in charge of both
army and navy
a
Kept a Standing Army near London
a
Catholic advisors
a
Attacked
Anglican university control
a
Claimed power to suspend / dispense Acts of
Parliament.
a
1687  Declaration of Liberty of Conscience
 Extended religious toleration w/out Parliament’s
approval or support.
“Glorious” Revolution: 1688
a
Whig & Tory leaders offered joint throne to Mary
[Protestant] & husband, William of Orange.
 She was James II daughter
 He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV.
 He was seen as a champion of the Protestant
cause.
But 1st… English Bill of Rights
[1689]
a
Constitutional Monarchy
a
Settled issues between
King & Parliament
a
Model for future
US Bill of Rights.
a
Basis for steady expansion
of civil liberties in the 18c
and early 19c in England
English Bill of Rights [1689]
a
Main provisions:
1. King cannot suspend the operation of laws.
2. King cannot interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime
without Parliament’s consent.
4. Freedom of speech in Parliament.
5. Frequent sessions of Parliament.
6. Subjects had rights of bail, petition, and freedom from
excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
7. Monarch must be a Protestant.
8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
9. No censorship of the press.
10. Religious toleration.
Age of Walpole

House of Hanover rules Engl.
• Act of Settlement 1701 orderly
shift in power if K/Q are childless
• King George I becomes king 1714
b/c Queen Anne childless

Robert Walpole = PM
• England flourished under Walpole

Maintained peace, increased trade