Age of Absolutism: England
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Transcript Age of Absolutism: England
Warm Up…
Who were the two ruling families of England during
Absolutism? Which family worked with Parliament,
and which did not?
Explain how Parliament was “asked” at first, and
then took a strong political stance in the history of
England.
Tudor Dynasty
1485 - 1603
Believed in divine right, kept good relations in
parliament
Parliament - the highest legislature, consisting of the
sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of
Commons
Henry VIII - used parliament against RCC
Tudor Dynasty
Henry VIII invested money in overseas
warfare
Henry “asked” Parliament to pass new
taxes… usually agreed with king
Parliament now has say in gov’t matters
Eliz. I continued good relations
Comprehension Question
1.
How long were the Tudors in power?
2.
What are the two houses of Parliament?
3.
How did Henry “ask” parliament to pass new
taxes?
Stuart Dynasty
Eliz I dies 1603 without direct heir
Stuarts were ruling family of
Scotland, take over throne
“Century of Revolution”
Henry/Eliz pushed back problems
when in power
Stuarts did not work well with
Parliament
Stuart Dynasty
James I - believed in divine right &
argued with Parliament over money
& foreign policy
Dissolved parliament to collect his
own taxes
“Puritans” wanted to purify the
church
Caused more problems for James
Led James to translate Bible - King
James version
Stuart Dynasty
1625 - Charles I inherits throne
Unjust & unfair
Reorganized parliament to raise taxes
Charles sign “Petition of Right”
Any new taxes had to have consent of
parliament
Stuart Dynasty
Charles broke apart parliament in 1629, made bitter
enemies, reorganized it in 1640
Long Parliament - lasted until 1653
Parliament and King fought against each other
English Civil war erupts
England Under Charles I
Comprehension Questions
1.
After Eliz I, why was there not another Tudor?
2.
Who came after Eliz I?
3.
What did James I do to parliament? Why did he
do this?
4.
What did the Puritans want?
5.
Who ruled after James I?
6.
What was the “Petition of Right?”
English Civil War
1642 - 1649
Revolution opposed absolutism
Cavaliers vs Roundheads
Cavaliers (wealthy nobles) supported king
Roundheads (hair cut close to heads) surprised
Cavaliers in battle
English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell - leader of
Roundheads
“New Model Army” defeated
Cavaliers
1647 - election of king was in
parliamentary power
English Civil War
Execution of a king
Trial - “tyrant, traitor,
murderer, and public enemy”
Charles I - “I am a martyr of
the people”
Gave signal to end his life
First time a king was found
guilty by his own people
No one person was above the
law
The Commonwealth
England now becomes a republic
Charles II tried to retake England through Ireland
and Scotland
Cromwell crushed uprising
Class struggle - “Levellers” wanted support for poor
in parliament
Puritans held stronghold in gov’t.
Comprehension Questions
1.
When did the English Civil War take place?
2.
What started the Civil War?
3.
Who were the two sides during the war?
4.
Who was the leader of the Roundheads?
5.
What did Charles I call himself before he died?
6.
What did England become after their Civil
War?
The Commonwealth
Cromwell dies in 1658
Puritans lose control of
parliament, people tired of strict
military rule
Charles II comes back from exile
and wants revenge
Charles II was a fresh breath of air
Reopened theatres, religious
toleration, etc.
Revolution
James II (Charles’ brother) inherits throne in
1685
Not tolerant of religion
Parliament - daughter Mary (Protestant) &
husband William III of Orange leads to
Glorious Revolution
James II fled France - bloodless revolution
English Bill of Rights
1689
For support of army, William & Mary had to agree
Parliament > Monarch
House of Commons - “Power of Purse”
Monarch could not interfere with parliament
matters
Trial by jury, abolished excessive fines & cruel, unjust
punishments
Habeas Corpus - no person could be held without
being charged
Limited monarchy created - diff from democracy
Constitution or legislative body has some control
Comprehension Questions
1.
What happened to Charles II after the Civil War?
2.
Once Cromwell passes, and Puritans lose control, what
does Charles II do?
3.
Who takes the throne after Charles II?
4.
How did William and Mary take control of England?
5.
What were the English Bill of Rights?
6.
Who has more power in the Bill of Rights, the monarch, or
parliament?
7.
What is a limited monarchy?
8.
What is habeas corpus?