Transcript Age of Absolutism: England

Warm Up…
 Who were the two ruling families of England during
Absolutism? Which family worked with Parliament,
and which did not?
 Explain how Parliament was “asked” at first, and
then took a strong political stance in the history of
England.
Tudor Dynasty
 1485 - 1603
 Believed in divine right, kept good relations in
parliament
 Parliament - the highest legislature, consisting of the
sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of
Commons
 Henry VIII - used parliament against RCC
Tudor Dynasty
 Henry VIII invested money in overseas
warfare
 Henry “asked” Parliament to pass new
taxes… usually agreed with king
 Parliament now has say in gov’t matters
 Eliz. I continued good relations
Comprehension Question
1.
How long were the Tudors in power?
2.
What are the two houses of Parliament?
3.
How did Henry “ask” parliament to pass new
taxes?
Stuart Dynasty
 Eliz I dies 1603 without direct heir
 Stuarts were ruling family of
Scotland, take over throne
 “Century of Revolution”
 Henry/Eliz pushed back problems
when in power
 Stuarts did not work well with
Parliament
Stuart Dynasty
 James I - believed in divine right &
argued with Parliament over money
& foreign policy
 Dissolved parliament to collect his
own taxes
 “Puritans” wanted to purify the
church
 Caused more problems for James
 Led James to translate Bible - King
James version
Stuart Dynasty
 1625 - Charles I inherits throne
 Unjust & unfair
 Reorganized parliament to raise taxes
 Charles sign “Petition of Right”
 Any new taxes had to have consent of
parliament
Stuart Dynasty
 Charles broke apart parliament in 1629, made bitter
enemies, reorganized it in 1640
 Long Parliament - lasted until 1653
 Parliament and King fought against each other
 English Civil war erupts
England Under Charles I
Comprehension Questions
1.
After Eliz I, why was there not another Tudor?
2.
Who came after Eliz I?
3.
What did James I do to parliament? Why did he
do this?
4.
What did the Puritans want?
5.
Who ruled after James I?
6.
What was the “Petition of Right?”
English Civil War
 1642 - 1649
 Revolution opposed absolutism
 Cavaliers vs Roundheads
 Cavaliers (wealthy nobles) supported king
 Roundheads (hair cut close to heads) surprised
Cavaliers in battle
English Civil War
 Oliver Cromwell - leader of
Roundheads
 “New Model Army” defeated
Cavaliers
 1647 - election of king was in
parliamentary power
English Civil War
Execution of a king
 Trial - “tyrant, traitor,
murderer, and public enemy”
 Charles I - “I am a martyr of
the people”
 Gave signal to end his life
 First time a king was found
guilty by his own people
 No one person was above the
law
The Commonwealth
 England now becomes a republic
 Charles II tried to retake England through Ireland
and Scotland
 Cromwell crushed uprising
 Class struggle - “Levellers” wanted support for poor
in parliament
 Puritans held stronghold in gov’t.
Comprehension Questions
1.
When did the English Civil War take place?
2.
What started the Civil War?
3.
Who were the two sides during the war?
4.
Who was the leader of the Roundheads?
5.
What did Charles I call himself before he died?
6.
What did England become after their Civil
War?
The Commonwealth
 Cromwell dies in 1658
 Puritans lose control of
parliament, people tired of strict
military rule
 Charles II comes back from exile
and wants revenge
 Charles II was a fresh breath of air
 Reopened theatres, religious
toleration, etc.
Revolution
 James II (Charles’ brother) inherits throne in
1685
 Not tolerant of religion
 Parliament - daughter Mary (Protestant) &
husband William III of Orange leads to
Glorious Revolution
 James II fled France - bloodless revolution
English Bill of Rights
 1689
 For support of army, William & Mary had to agree
 Parliament > Monarch
 House of Commons - “Power of Purse”
 Monarch could not interfere with parliament
matters
 Trial by jury, abolished excessive fines & cruel, unjust
punishments
 Habeas Corpus - no person could be held without
being charged
 Limited monarchy created - diff from democracy
 Constitution or legislative body has some control
Comprehension Questions
1.
What happened to Charles II after the Civil War?
2.
Once Cromwell passes, and Puritans lose control, what
does Charles II do?
3.
Who takes the throne after Charles II?
4.
How did William and Mary take control of England?
5.
What were the English Bill of Rights?
6.
Who has more power in the Bill of Rights, the monarch, or
parliament?
7.
What is a limited monarchy?
8.
What is habeas corpus?