From the cultural industries to the cultural economy:
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Transcript From the cultural industries to the cultural economy:
New policies for the
new cultural economy
Learning from the UK ‘creative
industries’ policy experience.
Andy C Pratt
Department of Geography &
Environment /
LSE Urban Research Centre
Aims and Objectives
Examine the changing field of culture and
the cultural/creative industries (CCI)
Policy ‘out of sync’, the need for a new
rationale
‘English’ CCI policy
Challenges and lessons from the English
experience
The times, they are ‘a changing 1.
The new economy
Declining manufacturing
Redirection of youth, identity, culture
Knowledge economy
Creative class
Globalisation
National/regional competition
Clusters
Foreign direct investment
Innovation
The times, they are ‘a changing 2.
Culture changed (see later : CCI changed)
‘Marketisation’ of culture
Massive growth in consumption
Changing spending patterns
Redrawn divisions of high/low; culture/non-culture
The state
Neo-liberal/ small state
Regulation not investment
Reduction in spending
Especially, arts and culture
Cultural policy for ‘old times’
State protection of the ‘good life’
Rationale
Market failure
Public goods, welfare economics
Baumol’s cost disease
Cultural elitism
‘corruption of culture by the market/masses’
Governance
Cultural cohesion
Result
State budget (subject to variation, uncertainty, to cuts)
Idiosyncratic selection of what is culture (elite)
Separation from commercial culture (by definition)
Conservative/ not dynamic/ backward looking
English Creative industries Policy 1.
Devolution: nations and regions
Historic role of urban authorities in CCI
Concepts
Tensions of:
Cultural/creative
Commercial/Non-commercial
Formal/Informal
Production/Consumption
Breadth and Depth
“Mapping”
‘Evidence based policy’, evaluation
Output measures
(what we need) Institutions and Organizations
Capacity, sustainability, appropriateness
English Creative industries Policy 2.
Investment
Sources: Departments, Regions, Local
authorities, Lottery
Capital and Revenue funding
Training
National Endowment for Science Technology and the
Arts (NESTA)
‘Arms length bodies’
Arts Council
Museums and Libraries
Film Council
Crafts Council
BBC
Regional development agencies/ Regeneration
Tensions of instrumental v. dedicated policy
English Creative industries Policy 3.
Strategic guidance
Education
Creative Economy Programme
British Council
Trade partners UK
Department of Trade
Regulation
Content
Ofcom
Business
Competition Commission
The times, they are ‘a changing. 3
Characteristics of the CCI; what we know
now (but need to know more)
Missing middle, informal intermediaries
Ecosystem
Project based companies
Overlapping networks
Winner takes all
Rapid turnover/ innovation/ product cycle
Massive market uncertainty
Content regulation v. Competition regulation
Cultural policies for ‘New times’ 1.
Commercial v non-commercial boundary
How to govern it
New skills and agencies: institution building
Industries converging and changing
State agencies lack skills
a third/ new sector?
Funding/Support justification
Old: market failure
New: Exports, IPR, cultural value...?
Employment status
Precarious and freelance labour
Social welfare issues
Cultural policies for ‘New times’ 2.
Lack of substantive understanding of the
industry/-ies
Institutional, regulatory, governance
Reliance on generic policy
Role of situated, collective/ social
knowledge
Reputation
Learning and Innovation
Excellence
Market/Audience/Consumer development
Andy C Pratt
[email protected]