Transcript History of policing

HISTORY OF POLICING
What You Will Learn in the Unit
European History, Eras of Policing, Early American Policing, Texas
Rangers, US Marshals, 1st Police Force and 1st Detectives
Word of the Day ~ Person of the Day
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Magistrate – a minor judicial officer, as a justice of
the peace or the judge of a police court, having
jurisdiction to try minor criminal cases and to
conduct preliminary examinations of persons
charged with serious crimes.
Sir Robert Peel – helped create the Metropolitan
Police Act, creating the first large-scale, organized
police force. Was also a British Prime Minister.
Kin Policing
Families, tribes, clans
enforced informal rules
and customs
All members of the
group enforced
From Private Matters to Public Enforcement
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Magistrates appointed
Created the 1st paid
police force to patrol
(called praefectus
urbi)
Roman empire fell
Whose job was it to
“police?”
Kings Must Find a Way to “Police”
Primarily used military to enforce the law
Also used “watchmen,” ordinary citizens authorized
to look for problems, investigate and arrest
This evolved into the Frankpledge system – in the
1100’s (12th Century) families grouped into TENS
(remember this from common law). The tens was
called a “tithing.”
Males were responsible for members of their
group.
Tithings (or tens) were grouped into parishes (the
HUNDREDS that you remember from common law).
The head of the Hundred was called a REEVE.
The Shire Reeve – County Sheriff
Groups of 100 families were formed into
counties.
The chief law enforcement in the county was
the Shire Reeve.
The Shire Reeve reported to the KING.
Constables were appointed to assist the
sheriff.
Magistrates/Justices of the Peace were
appointed to decide criminal offenses.
The positions were VOLUNTEERS. No regular
salaries.
The Bow Street Runners –PAID$$$
1735 – permission given to pay
watchmen from taxes
John & Henry Fielding
(magistrates) hired constables to
patrol, became known as the Bow
Street Runners.
Performed investigations and
known as the 1st detective unit
Shift towards paying people to police
Sir Robert Peel – Founder of the first organized police
force
1829- Military organization with ranks –
emphasis on prevention – uniforms –
officers called “bobbies.”
Quid Pro Quo – You Scratch My Back
and I will Scratch Yours (Patronage)
POLICING COMES TO AMERICA
*Got their jobs by being friends with
politicians
* Had to stay in line to keep their jobs
* Corruption
* Used more force than English Bobbies
English policing did not involve as much
politics and officers were not
intentionally brutal as part of the job.
The Eras of Policing (1840s-Present)
The Political Era – The Reform Era –
The Community Era – The New Era
The Political Era (1840-1930)
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Organize like military
Focused on serving
politicians
Brutal and corrupt
Appointed or hired by
politicians
Society was rapidly
changing
The Reform Era (1930s – 1970s)
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Focus on crime fighting
Eradicating the Mob
Removal of politics
End corruption
Increase level of
professionalism of officers
Criminal Justice becomes an
academic discipline
August Vollmer leads reform effort.
With Univ. of California, starts CJ
program of study.
The Community Era (1970s-2001)
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Police are more effective when the people they
serve and protect work with them.
Identify and serve
each community’s
needs
Partner with community
Partnerships decrease
crime, prevents crime,
and helps solve crime
The New Era (2001 – Present)
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Policing shifts focus to
securing the country
Fighting terrorism
Partnerships to gather
intelligence
Departments focused
on surveillance and
counter-terrorism
created
4 Eras of Policing
• Patronage
• Corrupt
• Politicians
• Partnerships
• Individual community
needs
• Professional
• Crime fighting
• Focus on organized
crime
Political
Reform
Community
New
• Terrorism
• National Security
• Specialized Units
The Creation of State and Federal Law Enforcement
US Marshals – FBI – ATF – DEA and a whole lot of other Acronyms
US Marshals Initially tracked counterfeiters and maintained law and
order in the West – Now hunt federal fugitives and protect
airplanes.
US Postal Inspector
Targets crimes committed using the mail
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Formed in 1908 – Investigates federal crimes
Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms (ATF)
Investigation and prevention of federal offenses involving the unlawful
use, manufacture, and possession of firearms and explosives; acts of
arson and bombings; and illegal trafficking of alcohol and tobacco
products.
Secret Service
Investigates counterfeiting and protects the President
and other highly-placed politicians and judges.
Border Patrol
Keep drugs from crossing borders; prevents human trafficking and
illegal immigration; helps fight terrorism.
Careers
There are many other federal departments and agencies
that can use your talents, including the DEA, Homeland
Security, NSA, CIA and the military. Criminal Justice in
America started from limited opportunities for the few to
a plethora of opportunities for many.
Keep your record clean; don’t use drugs; learn a foreign
language; have good credit; and watch what you post
online.