Transcript PM 2.5 REGULATORY RESPONSE

PARTICULATE MATTER:
REGULATORY RESPONSE
Presented by: Karl Loos
REGULATORY RESPONSE: THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY
Recognition of the problem
Particulates <2.5 microns in community air are considered
to be a serious health risk
Emissions from combustion sources are a source
of PM2.5
Chemical composition of ambient PM2.5 is important
for assessing sources and developing control strategies
Defining the problem with better measurements
Working with stakeholders to develop solutions
American Petroleum Institute, EPA, Texas Commission
on Environmental Quality, City of Houston
DEVELOPING BETTER MEASUREMENTS: 1997-2004
Multi-Stakeholder Project
American Petroleum Institute, Department of Energy,
Gas Research Institute, California Energy Commission,
New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
>$3,000,000 to develop and test
Focus on gas-fired combustion units
Boilers, process heaters, turbines, IC engines
Results show that these emissions are much lower than believed
Share findings with EPA
Dilution Air
Inlet
Activated
Charcoal Filter
W/Glass Wool
Back-up
Sample Port
HEPA
Filter
Dilution Sampler
for Organic
Aerosols
Hi-Vol
Pump
& Flow
Sensor
Venturi
Stack
Residence
Time
Chamber
Heated Sample Line
S Type
Pitot Tube
Pressure
Transducer
Temp
Controller
Stack Gas
To
Sampler
To
Sampler
2.5µM Cyclones
1997-1998 EARLY TEXAS PM2.5 STUDY
Industry and Regulatory Agency Partnership
Houston Regional Monitoring Corp.
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
City of Houston
Measure and Characterize PM2.5 in Texas
Focus on Houston (9 sites)
Ambient PM2.5 Composition
Easter n U. S.
Org. Carbon
21%
Nitrates
1%
We stern U.S.
Ammonium
13%
Nitrates
15%
Org. Carbo n
38%
Elm. Carbon
4%
Su lf ates
11%
Sulfates
34%
Un known
23%
Houston
Soil /
Minerals
4%
Nit rates
1%
O rg. Carbon
31%
El m. Carbon
9%
Unknow n
4%
Amm oniu m
7%
Elm. Carbo n
15%
Ammon ium
13%
Sulf ates
38%
Soil /
Minerals
4%
Soil /
Min erals
14%
PM2.5 EMISSIONS REDUCTION
Importance of Measurements: Source assessments
What to Control
Fixed Sources: Scrubbers, VOC leak control
(~90% reduction in SO2 at Shell Deer Park)
Mobile Sources: Low sulfur diesel
Catalytic converters, PM filters
Major SO2 Emissions Sources
7000
6000
SO2 Emissions; tons/year
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Estimated 2004
decommissioned
CCU
Calendar Year
Catalytic Cracking Unit
Central Pow er Station Boilers
Utilities So. Boilers
boilers
WGS on
Estimated 2005