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History of South Asia

Ch. 24 Sec. 2

1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization?

• Writing system • Strong central govn’t • Masters of overseas trade • Organized, planned cities • Uniform weights and measures

Indus Valley Civilization

Mohenjo-Daro

2. What are 2 of the world’s oldest cities? What technology did they have?

• Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa • Bricks made by kilns (still used today) • Plumbing systems • Sanitation systems • Signs of dentistry: drilled, crowned teeth!

Mohenjo-Daro: Great Bath

3. What do many scientists

believe

led to their decline?

• Flooding • Drought – Δ in monsoons leaves area cool & dry – Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere • Disease

4. Who were the Aryans?

• Light-skinned herders and hunters from the northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.E.)

5. What were the Vedas?

• Collection of sacred writings- show ideas of religion, social structure, hymns, etc.

• Hindu sacred text (to some); oldest in Sanskrit

Aryan Arrival

6. Aryan social class pyramid

Priests Warriors & Nobles Artisans & Farmers Slaves, Criminals • Structure was flexible @ first (intermarriage, etc), but became more complex and rigid  caste system

7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia? What religion?

• 320-180 B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya) – Ruled all but southernmost India • Buddhism (Asoka’s pillars)

8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are things its famous for? Religion?

• 320-550 C.E. ( Chandra Gupta I) • Golden Age of India (sciences, math, astronomy, religion) – Concept of zero & infinity, origin of Arabic #s, heliocentric theory • Hinduism

500 healing plants identified 1000 diseases classified Printed medicinal guides Plastic Surgery Medicine C-sections performed Inoculations Kalidasa Gupta India Gupta Achievements Literature Solar Calendar Astronomy Decimal System Mathematics Concept of Zero PI = 3.1416

The earth is round

9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to power?

• Muslim missionaries & traders were moving across Africa & Asia • Moguls, over time, took control over most of Indian subcontinent (1526) –Most land gained under Akbar –Defeated only by British in 1857

Taj Mahal (Agra, India)

1632-1653 CE by Shah Jahan

10. Who were the first Europeans?

• Portuguese, 1500 11. What was the East India Company and its significance?

• Began as a trade company for East Indies  mainly India & China • Soon began ‘ruling’ some India (1757 1858) • British Crown then took control of India (there was a

Dutch

EIC that affected Africa, and SE Asia islands)

12. What did the British call their empire? How did colonization influence Indian culture?

• Raj (empire) • Brought English language* • New educational system • Built RRs • Civil/public services

Modern South Asia

• India 13. What is significant about

1947

?

– Gained independence from Britain 14. How was India further divided?

- India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east & west) for Muslims 15. How did the division of India impact people?

- Forced to move to country of religion  conflicts erupted violent - Kashmir

Modern South Asia

• Sri Lanka 16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence, from who?

- 1948 from Britain; Ceylon  S.L. (1972) Britain favored Tamils…prelude to civil war • Maldives 17. When did the Maldives gain independence, from who?

- 1965 from Britain

Modern South Asia

• Pakistan/Bangladesh 18. What is significant about

1971

?

- Indo-Pakistani War b/w East & West, India fought against West Pak.

 Bangladesh created - Extremely violent (began with genocide against Bengali Hindus)

Modern South Asia

19. List 2 regional conflicts.

– Kashmir disputed b/w India & Pakistan •

Nuclear proliferation

adds to tension – Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka (civil war) (will discuss more with Webquest hw  )

Modern South Asia

20. List the type of government of each country.

– India: largest democracy in world – Pakistan: Islamic Republic with military involvement (unstable) – Sri Lanka & Bangladesh: democracies w/ instability due to ethnic clashes – Nepal & Maldives: was monarchy, now democracy (2008, 1968 respectively) – Bhutan: Democracy w/ monarch (2007)

Male, Maldives