Transcript THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION

erovnuli implementaciis kanonmdebloba
leqcia #20
1. mimoxilva
• erovnuli zomebis gatarebis valdebulebebi.
– slaidi 2
• “nebismieri saWiro zomebi”,
– slaidebi 3-5
• erovnuli implementaciis ZiriTadi aspeqtebis SemuSaveba
– slaidebi 6-15
• saswavlo magaliTiI: iaponiis erovnuli implementacia
– slaidi 16
• saswavlo magaliTi II: didi britaneTis erovnuli implementacia
– slaidi 17
• saswavlo magaliTi III. aSS erovnuli implementacia
– slaidi 18
• samodelo kanoni da kriminalizacia.
– slaidebi 19-20
2. erovnuli kanonmdebloba
• 11 seqtembris Semdeg gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina bi SemuSavebis, warmoebis,
dagrovebis an sxvagvarad SeZenis an flobis amkrZalvelma erovnulma kanonmdeblobam.
• 21-e saukuneSi mravalma qveyanam Seqmna an gadasinja Tabisi kanonmdebloba maT
kvlav SesatyvisobaSi darwmunebis mizniT.
• amgvari kanonmdeblobis gaZlierebis saWiroeba gaizarda.
• erovnuli kanonmdebloba aris iuridiuli procesi, romelic pirdapir gavlenas axdens individualur
samecniero kvlevebze da bioagentebis gadacemaze. aq “ar vicodi” ver dagvexmareba
3. btik muxli IV
• “konvenciis yovelma monawile qveyanam unda, Tavis konstituciur
procesebTan TanxmobaSi, miiRos nebismieri aucilebeli zoma, romelic
aRkveTavs konvenciis muxliT I gaTvaliswinebuli agentebis, toqsinebis,
iaraRis, aRWurvilobisa da gadacemis saSualebebis SemuSavebas,
dagrovebas, SeZenas, an flobas, da moaxdens maT prevencias ...[xazgasma
damatebulia]”.
4. muxli IV - Sedegis valdebuleba
• “muxli IV ar aris mxolod qmedebis valdebuleba, amavdroulad is
Sedegis valdebulebacaa. ar iqneba sakmarisi erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi
muxliT IV gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebis dasakmayofileblad mxolod
akrZalvis Setana, vinaidan monawile qveynebma unda miiRon
“akrZalvisa da prevenciis” zomebi. [xazgasma teqstis originalSi]
5. gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos rezolucia 1540
• “qveynebma unda miiRon da aamuSavon efeqturi zomebi, raTa daafuZnon
Sinauri kontroli ... biologiuri iaraRisa da misi gadacemis saSualebebis gavrcelebis
aRsakveTad, masTan dakavSiremuli masalis kontrolis CaTvliT, da amitom unda:
• …(a) SeimuSavon da gaataron saTanado efeqturi zomebi warmoebaSi,
gamoyenebaSi, SenaxvaSi da transportirebaSi myofi amgvari agentebis aRricxva
da usafrTxoeba;
• (b) SeimuSavon da gaataron saTanado fizikuri dacvis efeqturi zomebi .”
6. “nebismieri saWiro zoma”
kanonmdebloba
ganaTleba
eqsportis kontroli
qcevis
biousafrTxoebis
kodeqsi
regulaciebi
biologiuri dacvis zomebi
7. eqsportis kontroli
• teqnologiis Secvlam SeiZleba eqsportis kontroli gaarTulos.
• magram qveynebi gamoepasuxnen am gamowvevebs da
mravalma qveyanam ara marto ganaaxla eqsportis kontrolis
debulebebi da agentebisa da aRWurvilobis siebi, aramed “yvela
kontroli gaaerTiana”, raTa daefaraT “ormagi daniSnulebis” yvela
punqti.
8. biousafrTxoebis regulaciebi
• janmo-s mier biousafrTxoeba ganimarteba, rogorc “paTogenebisa da toqsinebis
uneblie eqspoziciis, an maTi SemTxveviT gabnevis prevenciisaTvis bioizolaciis
principebis, teqnologiebisa da praqtikis gansaxorcielebeli zomebi”.
• didi britaneTis COSHH regulaciebiT, magalitad, es moicavs: janmrTelobisa
da usafrTxoebis politikis codnas; regulaciebis Sesabamisad qcevas; sakutari tavisa
da imaT gafrTxielbas, romeltac SeiZleba Seexos maTi qmedeba (an
umoqmedoba); da usafrTxoebis yvela problemis Setyobineba.
9. biologiuri dacvis zomebi (i)
• biologiuri dacva btik-Si “yvelaze farTod gamoiyeneba paTogenuri
mikroorganizmebis, toqsinebisa da msgavsi masalis usafrTxoebisa da
kontrolis ganxorcielebis meqanizmebs”.
• ZiriTadi zomebi moicavs: personalis saimedoobas; fizikur usafrTxoebas;
sainformacio teqnologiebis usafrTxoebas; masalebis kontrolsa da
angariSgebas; masalebis gadatanis usafrTxoebas da programis marTvas.
10. biologiuri dacvis zomebi (ii)
“[2003 wels] monawile qveynebi SeTanxmdnen ... Semdegis faseulobaze:
paTogenebis koleqciebis dacvisa da maTi mSvidobiani miznebiT
gamoyenebis yovelmxrivi da konkretuli zomebis saWiroebaze.
sayovelTaod aRiares biologiuri dacvis im zomebisa da procedurebis
mniSvneloba,romlebic uzrunvelyofs, rom amgvari saSiSi masala
miuwvdomeli iqneba im pirebisaTvis, romelTac isini SeiZleba borotad,
konvenciis miznebis sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyenon.”
11. qcevis kodeqsi
• 2005 wlis btik Sexvedrebze diskusiis Sedegad gaizarda interesi qcevis
kodeqsis /eTikis /praqtikis mimarT, romlebic ise unda iyos Seqmnili,
rom aamaRlos btik-is Sesaxeb informirebulobis done da uzrunvelyos, rom
mecnierebma ician Tavisi valdebuleba ar moutanon ziani.
• miuxedavad amisa, mraval qveyanas ar gaaCnia mecnierebisaTvis qcevis
kodeqsi, Tumca zog erovnul akademias amgvari kodeqsi aqvs.
12. ganaTleba
• ganaTleba - btik-ze da nebismier adgilas diskusiaSi mas sul ufro
mzardi roli emiWeba, da mniSvnelovnad meti yuradReba eqceva
ganaTlebas, romelic sasicocxlo mecnierebSi pasuxismgeblobis
kulturas gaaRvivebs da uzrunvelyofs, rom isini icnobdnen im
kanonmdeblobasa da regulaciebs, romlebic marTavs samecniero
kvlevebs.
13. erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sefaseba: ek (germania)
[BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3] (i)
muxl I-Tan dakavSirebuli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis 5 ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli:
1. xSirad aklia valdebulebebis darRvevis gamo damsjeli RonisZiebebi ,
2. qbb kanonebi Seicavs Seicavs damsjel RonisZiebebs CarCo kanonmdeblobaSi,
3. aregulirebs da akontrolebs bi-sTan dakavSirebul masalebs daSvebuli saqmianobis licenzirebiT,
4. akrZalvebis gamoyeneba mxolod Sida teritoriiT Semoifargleba,
5. antiteroristuli kanonebi SeiZleba ar faravdes sxva arasamTavrobo struqturebis saqmianobas.
14. erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sefaseba: ek (germania)
[BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3] (ii)
•
sakanonmdeblo muxli III-s ganxilvisaTvis unda gaviTvaliswinoT sami
saWiro punqti.
1.
2.
3.
mSvidobiani miznebiT gadazidvebis garkveuli tipis Sesruleba,
agentebisa da toqsinebis specifiurad gansazRvruli cxrili, da
“…valdebuleba … ar gadasces ‘arapirdapir’, da ‘aranairad ar Seuwyos xeli’
aralegalur transportirebas”
15. detaluri sakanonmdeblo elementebi:
iaponia (BWC/CONF.VI/WP.17)
• efeqturi sakanonmdeblo zomebi konvenciiT moTxovnili akrZalvebisa da prevenciis
uzrunvelsayofad
• eqsportis kontroli
• paTogenebisa da toqsinebis usafrTxoeba da kontroli
• bunebrivi an gamiznulad gamowveuli epidemiebis mimarT prevenciuli da reagirebis
SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba saerTaSoriso meqanizmebTan TanamSromlobiT
• biologiur iaraRTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi ganaTleba da gacnobiereba
16. iaponiis erovnuli implementacia
• 1982 wels miRebuli da 2001 wels gadasinjuli baqteriologiuri (biologiuri) da toqsiuri iaraRis SemuSavebis, warmoebis,
da dagrovebis akrZalvis konvenciis implementaciis Sesaxeb
akrZalva exeba biologiuri an toqsiuri iaraRis warmoebas, flobas, gadacemas, da miRebas, - da 2001 wlis Semdeg –
maT gamoyenebasa da gavrcelebas [ix. agreTve SeniSvnebis nawili]
• 1949 wlis ucxoeTTan urTierTgacvlis kontrolis brZaneba [kabinetis brZaneba # 260 1980] , dafuZnebuli ucxoeTTan
urTierTgacvlis a da ucxoeTTan vaWrobis kontrolis brZaneba
“zogierTi adamianebis cxovelebisa da mcenareebis sawinaaRmdego paTogenebis eqsporti yvela qveyanaSi da sferoebi,
romlebic ekonomikis, vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis ministrisgan nebarTvas saWiroebs.”
• 2004 wlis rekombinantul dnm-iani eqsperimentebis gaidlainebi,
“romlebic mogvianebiT iqneba aRwerili, iZleva genetikurad modificirebuli organizmebis (gmo) klasifikacias
bioizolaciis doneebis mixedviT jgufebSi, da adgens, TiToeuli jgufisaTvis, laboratoriuli dizainisa da gmo-ebTan
usafrTxod mopyrobis procedurebs.”
17. didi britaneTiserovnuli implementacia
• antiteroristuli kriminaluri da usafrTxoebis aqti (ATCSA)(2001) saSualeba misca mTavrobas
ganexorcielebina uprecedento xarisxis kontroli “didi britaneTis daaxloebiT 450 dawesebulebaze, romelTac
specifiuri paTogenebi gaaCniaT.”
• janmrTelobis wesebis mixedviT saSiSi nivTierebebis kontrolis (COSHH) regulaciebi, romlebic
moiTxovs, rom “biologiuri agentebiT Catarebuli garkveuli samuSaoebi unda ecnobos [janmrTelobisa da
usafrTxoebis aRmasrulebels (HSE)]”.
• 2002 wlie eqsportis kontrolis aqti, awesebs “kontrols didi britaneTidan da nebismieri britaneli piris mier
teqnologiis gadacemaze nebismier adgilas da nebismieri saSualebiT”; “awesebs kontrols saqonlis
SeZenaze, moxmarebaze an moZraobaze an saqmianobaze. agreTve iRebs zomebs faruli gadacemis
winaaRmdeg.
• gulebisa da gonebis’ kampania”.
18. aSS erovnuli implementacia
• erovnuli kanonmdebloba btik-is farglebSi akrZalvebis Sesaxeb moicavs sisxlis samarTlis debulebebs,
konfiskacias, saSiSi paTogenebisa da toqsinebis usafrTxoebas, eqsportis kontrols, sanqciebs, ucxoeTis
daxmarebis SezRudvebs, safrTxis erTobliv Semcirebas, da sagangebo situaciebisadmi mzadyofnasa da
reagirebas. specifiuri kodeqsi, romelic Seiqmna zemoTCamoTvlil akrZalviT zomebTan dakavSirebiT da
aRwerili iyo aSS-s mier 2003 wlis btik eqspertebis Sexvedraze warmodgenil samuSao dokumentSi.
• sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis usafrTxoeba da bioterorizmisaTvis mzadyofnisa da reagirebis 2002 wlis aqti
(sazogadoebrivi kanoni 107-188)
asaxavs daavadebaTa kontrolisa da prevenciis centrebis mier Sedgenil rCeuli agentebisa da toqsinebis sias,
da soflis meurneomis mier saministros Sedgenil sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebis sias.
19. VERTIC –is samodelo kanoni
• VERTIC exmareba qveynebs samodelo kanonis SemuSavebiT,
romelic:
• “…qmnis mZlavr da mravalmxriv sistemas, biologiuri dacvis zomebis
CaTvliT, biologiuri iaraRis gavrcelebis prevenciis mizniT.”
• “…aZlevs masakasa prevenciis saSualebas, biologiuri da toqsiuri
agentebisa da toqsinebis da aRWurvilobisa da teqnologiebis siis
SeqmniT.”
20. harvard saseqsi: saerTaSoriso kriminalizacia
• harvard saseqsis programa (hsp) muSaobs “saerTaSoriso kriminalizaciis” konvenciis
samuSao variantze.
• SeimuSaves “konvenciis samuSao varianti, romelic saerTaSoriso samarTlis farglebSi
sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad aRiarebs nebismieri piris mier gacnobierebulad
biologiuri an qimiuri iaraRis SemuSaveba, warmoeba, SeZena, floba, gadacema an
gamoyeneba, an gacnobierebulad SekveTa, mimarTva andaxmarebis gaweva amgvari
saqmianobisaTvis an biologiuri an qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebiT daSineba.”
sanimuSo SekiTxvebi
1. aRwereT, ra kanonmdebloba aqvs miRebuli Tqvens qveyanas bi SemuSavebis, warmoebis, dagrovebis an sxvagvarad
miRebis prevenciisaTvis?
2. aRwereT, ra kanonmdebloba aqvs miRebuli Tqvens qveyanas im agentebis, aRWurvilobisa da gamocdilebis eqsportis
prevenciisaTvis, romlebic SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc ormagi daniSnulebis?
3. SeafaseT gaidlainebi an regulaciebi, romlebic aqvT Tqvens kvleviT laboratoreibs an institutebs, raTa acnobon
individualur mecnierebs maTi movaleoba awarmoon samecniero kvleva mxolod mSvidobiani miznebiT?
4.rogorc individualur mecniers, ra wvlili SegiZliaT SeitanoT sasicocxlo mecnierebebis borotad gamoyenebis prevenciaSi?
aq SeiZleba gamogadgeT slaidze 7 moyvanili elementebi.
wyaroebi
•
(slaidi 2)
Bioweapons Prevention Project. (2004) Bio Weapons Report 2004. Available
from http://www.bwpp.org/documents/2004BWRFinal_000.pdf
(slaidi 3)
Further Inf.1
The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Website. Convention on the
Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of
Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction
[online]. Undated [cited 15 September 2008]. Available from:
http://www.opbw.org/convention/conv.html
Further Inf.2
Sims, N. A., and Pearson, G. S. (2006) ‘ARTICLE IV: National Implementation’,
in Nicholas A. Sims and Malcolm R. Dando (Eds.) Key Points for the Sixth
Review Conference. Bradford: University of Bradford. Available from
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/key6rev/contents.htm
(slaidi 4)
Germany on behalf of the EU (2006) Assessment of National Implementation of
the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC). 20 October
BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3 Geneva: United Nations. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.3_EN.pdf
(slaidi 5)
Further Inf.1
Security Council (2004) Resolution 1540, 28 April, Vol. S/RES/1540.New York:
United Nations. Available from
http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutions04.html
Further Inf.2
Security Council (2006) Resolution 1673, 27 April, Vol. S/RES/1673.New York:
United Nations. Available from
http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutions06.htm
(slaidi 6)
VERTIC (2003) Time to lay down the law National legislation to enforce the
BWC. London: VERTIC. Available from
http://www.vertic.org/datasets/bwlegislation.html
(slaidi 7)
Further Inf.1
Australia Group (2007) The Australia Group. Available from
http://www.australiagroup.net/en/index.html
Further Inf.2
Beck, M., Craft, C., Gahlaut, S., and Jones, S. (2002) Strengthening Multilateral
Export Controls: A Nonproliferation Priority. Georgia: The Center for International
Trade and Security University of Georgia.
(slaidi 7)
Further Inf.1
United Kingdom (2003) The Design of National Mechanisms to Maintain the
Security and Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins. 15 July.
BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.7/Rev.1. Geneva: United Nations. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp07_rev.1.pdf
Further Inf.2
Health and Safety Executive (2005) Working with Substance Hazardous to Health:
What You Need to Know about COSHH. London: HSE. Available from
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg136.pdf
(slaidi 9)
Further Inf.1
BTWC Implementation Support Unit (2008) Biosafety and Biosecurity, 24 June.
BWC/MSP/2008/MX/INF.1, Geneva: United Nations. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2008/BWC_2008_MX_Docs/BWC_MSP_2008
_MX_INF.2_En.pdf
Further Inf.2
WHO (2004) Laboratory Biosafety Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization. [3rd
Edition]. Available from
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafety7.pdf
(slaidi 10)
Further Inf.1
United Nations (2003) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties” BWC/MSP/2003/4 (Vol.
I), 26 November 2003, Geneva: United Nations. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/new_process/msp2003/BWC_MSP_2003_4_Vol.1_E.pdf
Further Inf.2
United Nations (2008) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties”, BWC/MSP/2008/MX/3 8
September 2008, Geneva: United Nations. Available at
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/630/84/PDF/G0863084.pdf?OpenEl
ement
(slaidi 11)
Further Inf.1
United Nations (2005) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties”,
BWC/MSP/2005/3, 14 December 2005, Geneva: United Nations. Available
from
http://www.opbw.org/new_process/msp2005/BWC_MSP_2005_3_E.pdf
Further Inf.2
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (2008) A Code of Conduct
for Biosecurity: Report by the Biosecurity Working Group, Amsterdam:
KNAW. Available from http://www.knaw.nl/publicaties/pdf/20071092.pdf
(slaidi 12)
United Nations (2008) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties”,
BWC/MSP/2008/MX/3 8 September 2008, Geneva: United Nations.
Available at
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/630/84/PDF/G0863084.pd
f?OpenElement
(slaidebi 13 da 14)
Germany on behalf of the EU (2006) Assessment of National Implementation of
the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC). 20 October
BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3 Geneva: United Nations. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.3_EN.pdf
(slaidi 15)
Japan in consultation with JACKSNNZ (2006) Review of National Implementation
of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. 15 November
BWC/CONF.VI/WP.17 Geneva: United Nations. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.17_EN.pdf
(slaidi 16)
Further Inf.1
Japan in consultation with JACKSNNZ (2006) Review of National Implementation
of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. 15 November
BWC/CONF.VI/WP.17 Geneva: United Nations. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.17_EN.pdf
Further Inf.2
Sugishima, M. (2003) ‘Aum Shinrikyo and the Japanese Law on
Bioterrorism’, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 18(3), 179–183.
(slaidi 17)
Further Inf.1
Collyer, G. (2004) ‘Biosecurity: The UK Response’, in Sandia National
Laboratories”International Biosecurity Symposium: Securing High
Consequence Pathogens and Toxins Symposium Summary” (Sandia
Report SAND2004-2109). Available at
http://www.biosecurity.sandia.gov/main.html?subpages/past.html
Further Inf.2
United Kingdom (2003) Export Control Legislation in the United Kingdom.
1 September, Geneva: United Nations, BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.66.
Available from
http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp66.
pdf
Also See the references from Slide 7.
(slaidi 18)
Further Inf.1
United States (2003) National measures adopted by the United States to
Implement the Prohibitions set forth in the Biological Weapons Convention.
4 July Geneva: United Nations, BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.4. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp04.pdf
Further Inf.2
United States (2003) Specific Measures Taken by the United States Relevant
to Security of Dangerous Pathogens and Toxins. 4 July Geneva: United
Nations, BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.6. Available from
http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp06.pdf
(slaidi 19)
VERTIC (2009) A Sample Act for National Implementation of the1972
Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and Related Requirements of
UN Security Council Resolution 1540, London: VERTIC. Available from
http://www.vertic.org/programmes/armscontrolanddisarmament/NIM%20Buildin
g%20capacity.asp
(slaidi 20)
Further Inf.1
Editorial (2001) International Criminal Law and Sanctions to
reinforce the BWC, CBW Conventions Bulletin, 54. 1-2.
Available from
http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/hsp/pdfbulletin.html
Further Inf.2
HSP (2001) CBW Criminalization: Harvard Sussex
Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation
[Accessed 11 August 2009]. Available from
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/cbwcrim.html