Transcript Chapter 24
World Civilizations The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition Chapter 24 Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Industrialization and Imperialism I. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia II. Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870–1914 III. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Industrialization and Imperialism World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. European Colonial Territories in 1763 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. European Colonial Territories in 1830 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia • Prototype: The Dutch Advance on Java – Dutch Initially pay tribute to ruler of Mataram Take part in political rivalry Intervene in succession wars By 1750, dominate World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Consolidation of British Rule • Mughal decline gives British opportunity • Presidencies – Capitals: Madras, Bombay, Calcutta • Rest of India indirectly ruled World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Growth of the British Empire in India, From the 1750s to 1858 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Early Colonial Society in India and Java • Asian societies left in place – Europeans a dominant class • Males marry indigenous women World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Social Reform in the Colonies • British forced to take direct control – 1770s, famine in Bengal – British East India Company Accountable to British government – Indians excluded from administration World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Social Reform in the Colonies • Evangelical religion – Social reform – End to slave trade – End to sati sought • Watershed – Attempt to reshape colonial society World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870-1914 • Unequal Combat: – Colonial Wars and the Apex of European Imperialism – Mass-produced weapons Machine gun – Railroads, steam ships World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Partition of Africa between c. 1870 and 1914 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Partition of Southeast Asia and the Pacific to 1914 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change • "Tropical dependencies" – Africa, Asia, South Pacific – Europeans rule indigenous peoples • Settler colonies – "White Dominions" e.g. Canada, Australia Inhabitants mostly Europeans World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change • Second type – e.g. Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia – Large numbers of Europeans – Large indigenous numbers Increase over time – Increasing conflict World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Colonial Regimes and Social Hierarchies in the Tropical Dependencies • Cultural influence – English language education – Missionaries run schools World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Changing Social Relations Between Colonizers and the Colonized • European communities grow – Increasing segregation • Ideas of white supremacy • Shifts in Methods of Economic Extraction – Drive to increase production, lower costs Many colonies become dependent – Railways, roads built to serve extraction World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Changing Social Relations Between Colonizers and the Colonized • Settler Colonies in South Africa and the Pacific – Relations varied Disease decimates in some cases Some native peoples Westernized Some more resistant World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. British Investment Abroad on the Eve of World War I (1913) World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. South Africa • Afrikaners – Enslave Khoikhoi • British rule – Attempt to end slavery – Afrikaners resist Move inland: Great Trek Conflict with Bantu – British more involved World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. South Africa • Afrikaners form republics – Discovery of diamonds and gold – Boer wars (1899-1902) World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Pacific Tragedies • New Zealand – 1790s, first Europeans – Alcoholism, prostitution spread – Maoris adopt firearms – 1850s, change British farmers, herders arrive Maoris pushed into interior Adopt European culture World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Pacific Tragedies • Hawaii – James Cook – Prince Kamehameha Westernization 1810, rules Hawaiian kingdom Disease devastates population World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Pacific Tragedies • Hawaii – Shift Asian workers American settlers • Push for annexation Weak rulers pushed out • 1893, last ruler deposed 1898, annexed by United States World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Global Connections: A EuropeanDominated Early Phase of Globalization • Industrial Revolution influences globalization – The means and motive for colonization – Shapes empires – Unprecedented flow of goods – Accompanied by feelings of superiority World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.