Chapter 14 Agent

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Transcript Chapter 14 Agent

Chapter 14 Agency & Contract
(代理及合约)
1. 代理种类有三种:
(1)卖方销售代理(Seller’s Sale Agent)
在某些国家或地区,卖方因不熟悉当地的法令,语言或生活习惯,为
了便于推销,会在当地找一个可靠的代理商,协助推广销售其产品,
此代理即称为卖方的销售代理(Seller’s Sale Agent)或称业务代表
(Sales Representative)
(2)进口销售代理(Import Exclusive Agent )
某些国外厂商制造的产品欲打入中国市场,或进口商觉得某些产品在
国内极有销售潜能,为了避免竞争或获取较好利润,就会争取独家代理
权(Exclusive Agency or Sole Agent )或总经销权(Distributor)
(3)买方采购代理(Buyer Agent or Purchase Agent)
有些买主在某些地区购买许多东西,如果每一项产品都要亲自找厂商
问价比价,耗时费力又花钱,因此买主就会在当地找一个可靠的采购
代理,协助其询价、索样、下订单甚至验货等工作。
2. 合约(Agreement 或Contract)的定义,即两人以上的当事人所缔结的
双方欲遵守的条约,因此重点是一定要有双方的签字,一式两份,各留
一份。
 合约/契约格式没有一定,繁简随意;内容由当事人双方自行决定,因此,
不论什么条款,只要双方同意,签了字,就有法律效用,可受法律约束。
 合约的种类很多,只要当事人双方觉得有必要写出来,明文规定,双方
共同协议来遵守的任何事件,都可签定合约或契约。
3. 商业上常见的合约种类有下列几种:
(1)销售合约(Sales Agreement )和订单(Purchase Order)内容相
同
(2)代理合约(Agent Agreement)
(3)佣金合约(Commission Agreement )
(4)品质合约(Quality Agreement )
(5)付款合约(Payment Agreement)
(6)保密合约(Non-Disclosure and Confidentiality Agreement)
(7) 专利权使用合约(Patent /Royalty Agreement )。
4. 不论什么合约,虽然格式内容不拘,但下列的基本条件在合约内要写出:
(1)甲乙双方(Party A, Party B):公司全名及地址
(2)见证人(Witness)可找律师,第三者或甲乙双方互为见证,一般基
于互信原则,都以甲乙双方互为见证。
(3)生效日(Effective Date):大都以双方签字后即生效,即可在合约
上订定生效日。
(4)有效期(Expiry Date):1,3,5年不等,当事人双方自行约定。
(5)终止日(Termination):如为长期的合约,多半会注明此点,以防
万一中途互为不满,可随时取消合约。
终止日算法:任何一方以挂号书面提出后,60-90天后,此合约才终止。
(6)抱怨(Claim):合约上有时会注明,有纠纷时,要如何解决,如果
没特别注明,就按国际条约执行。
(7)仲裁(Arbitration):在每个国家都有国际仲裁协会(International
Arbitration Association),附设在商会或工会中,当事人双方如有无法
解决的纠纷发生时,也可请任何一国的仲裁协会来裁定。但因此法费时
又花钱,所以当事人双方大都会私下解决。
(8) 条款(Terms and Conditions):双方自行约定,逐项列出。
(9)签字(Signature):合约上一定要有双方的签字才有效:
5. 在代理合约(Agent Agreement )中,较重要的条款如下:
(1)代理的地区(Exclusive Area)
(2)代理的产品(Exclusive Products)
(3)最低销售额(Minimum Sales Amount)
(4)佣金比率(Commission Rate)及付佣金时间
(5)其他条件则视需要,双方同意,再逐项列出,否则都按国际条款执行
即可。
6. 代理佣金的付法有两种:
(1)抽佣式(Commission Basis),也称开放式(Open Way)
即代理协助工厂找到买主后,买主(Buyer)直接付款给工厂/卖方
(Seller):而工厂/卖方直接出货给买 主,代理不负责任何金钱事宜,
等卖方拿到钱,按合约上规定的佣金比率及期限内,付佣金给代理商。
(2) 赚差额,又称总经销(Distributor)
此种代理方式则是买方下订单及付款给经销代理商,经销代理再下
订单付款给工厂,工厂出货给代理商,代理商再交货给买主,赚取差
额。此种方式的代理,买方知道工厂名字,但不可直接接触,工厂则
不一定知道买主名字,但如有代理地区的客户直接找工厂,工厂必须
将客人名单资料转知代理人处理。
7. 申请当代理信函的写法:
主题:我们x x x 得知贵公司想在x x x 地区找一个代理商,我们有兴趣
当
贵方此地的代理。
说明:(1)自我介绍经验/能力:例如,有多年经验,了解市场并和许多买
主关系不错,有很好的销售渠道及很强的推销员,可以推销得很好。
(2) 可提供什么服务
(3) 佣金比率的要求是多少
(4) 抱怨将会如何处理
结论:希望贵方考虑我们,并告知代理条件
一 销售合约样本(Sales Agreement)
SALES AGREEMENT
Article 1 : Shipment
Time of shipment : within 45 days after L/C opened
Partial shipment: not allowed
Transshipment: allowed
Port of loading: any Shandong Port
Port of discharge : Yantai
Shipping mark: SUN/VT
Notice of shipment: within two days after the sailing
Article2: Payment
2.1 By an irrevocable L/C at sight of 100% total amount of the
contract.
2.2 Beneficiary: ABC Co.
2.3 Advising Bank: Bank of China
2.4 Bank of Opening L/C: Bank of China
2.5 Time of opening L/C: within 7 days after signing the contract.
2.6 Payment documents:
Payment shall be made upon receipt of the following documents:
+2/3 original clean on board bill of lading marked “Freight
Prepaid”
made out to the order and notify the buyer.
+1/3 original clean on board bill of lading sent by DHL to the
buyer.
+ Insurance policy /certificate in duplicate, covering “all
risk ”110%of invoice value.
+Signed commercial invoice duly signed
+Certificate of Quality, Quantity issued by Manufacturer
+Certificate of Origin issued by Chamber of Commerce
+Detailed packing list
+ Telex or fax Shipping Advice sent to the buyer showing B/L
no,
ETD, ETA, etc
Article3: Inspection
The buyer will ask Vinecontrol or SGS to inspect the cargo at
discharge port. If the delivered cargo matches the specification,
the inspection fee shall be born by the buyer. Vice versa, the
seller shall bear the inspection fee.
Article4: Force Majeure
Neither party will be held responsible if either of both parties can
not perform to the contract due to the international accepted force
majeure such as Acts of Gods, Strike ,War, etc. Should the effect
of the force majeure continue for more than 120 days, the buyer
and seller shall discuss through friendly negotiation as soon as
possible their obligation to continue to performance under the
terms and conditions of this contract.
Article5: Arbitration
All disputes or differences which can not be settled amiably will
be arbitrated by Vietnan International Arbitration Center at the
Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Vietnam. The arbitration will
be final and binding upon both parties. All of the charges will be
borne by the losing party.
Article6: Penalty
In case delay shipment happens, the penalty for delay interest will
be based on annual rate 15 percent of the total contract
amount ,but not over one month. If the seller or buyer wants to
cancel the contract,5% of total contract value would be charged
as penalty to that party.
Article7: General condition
Any amendment should be made in written form and confirmed by
both parties.
Signed by the Seller
Signed by the Buyer
销售合约中文大意
销售合约
第1条款:出货
出货时间:开证后45天内
分批出货:不准
转运:准许
装运港:任何山东港口
卸货港:烟台
出货唛头:SUN/VT
出货通知:开航后两天内
第2条款:付款
2.1 不可撤销全额即期信用证
2.2 受益人:ABC Co.
2.3 通知银行:中国银行
2.4 开证银行:中国银行
2.5 开证时间:签约后7天内
2.6 付款文件:
需于收到下列文件后付款:
+三份正本中的两份提单、注明“运费已付”收货人:to the
order;通知人:买方,送入银行
+三份正本提单中的一份,用DHL直接寄给买主
+保单2份,含“全险”,保额=发票金额的110%
+签名的商业发票
+工厂出具的品质,数量证明书
+商会出具的产地证明
+详细的包装明细表
+电报或传真的出货通知发给买方,注明提单号码、预计离港口、预
计到港日等
第3条款:检验
买方将要求越南品管或商检局到御货港口验货,如果交送的货符合规格,
检验费由买方负担,相反,如没通过检验,卖方要负担检验费。
第4条款 :不可抗力事件
如果由于国际上可接受的不可抗力事件例如天灾、罢工、战争等造成任何
一方无法履行此合约,任何一方都无需负责。
如此此不可抗力事件持续超过120天,买卖双方将尽快友善讨论是否继续依
此合约条款履行。
第5条款:仲裁
如有任何无法和平解决的争论或不同意见时,将由越南工商会中的越南国
际仲裁中心来做判决,其判决可约束双方,所有费用将由败方负担。
第6条款:罚款
如有任何延迟出货情形发生,延迟出货利息的罚款将根据此合约总金额
的年利率15%计算利息,但不得超过一个月。
如果买卖任何一方要解除合约,需给另外一方此合约总金额5%的解约
金。
第7条款:一般条件
如有任何修改,需以书面写出并由双方确认同意。
卖方签字
买方签字
范例1 申请当销售代理(Sales Agent Application)
Dear Sirs,
Re: Application for a Sales Agent
We know from a friend (your advertisement) that you are looking
for an Agent in Europe.
With more than 10 years’ experience in international trade, we
know very well the market situation here and have very good
connections with many local buyers. Moreover, we have very
good sales channels and many experienced salesmen. So, We
have the confidence to promote very well your products in this
area.
With regard to the commission, we only request 5% on each deal
based on FOB price, which can be settled in the end of every
month after shipment ,
Please consider the above and advise your interest and terms and
conditions for your Agent .
文章结构
主题:我们从朋友(广告)处得知贵方正在寻找欧洲代理。
说明(1)具有十多年国贸经验,我们对此地市场非常了解除且和许多国内
买主关系良好,此外,我们有很好的销售管道及丰富的业务员,
因此我们有信心可在此将贵方产品推销得很好。
(2)有关佣金,我们只要求FOB价的5%,可于出货后月底结算。
结论:请考虑以上,并告知贵方的兴趣及代理条款。
词汇/短语
1.
Europe 欧洲; Experience 经验; market situation 市场情况
2.
Good connection 关系良好;sales channel 销售管道。
范例2
工厂回复应征者其代理条件要求
To: Mr. Bob Patrice
From: Min-Ray Valve Co.
Dear Bob,
Thank you for your letter of Dec. 1 with interest in applying to be
our Agent in Australia.
Please be advised that so far we still have no any exclusive Agent
in Australia except have 5-6 regular customers who place us
orders regularly. The reason why we still have not granted any of
them as our exclusive Agent, is because none of them can reach
the min. sales amount we request.
We hope the exclusive Agent can place regular orders for at least
US$50,000~US$60,000 per month, which is same as what our
Agent in S. Africa does now.
So, the basic terms we would like to stipulate in the contract are as
follows:
The trial period of the exclusive Agreement is one year.
2.
During the trial period, you have to try your best to promote our
Valves into your market, and we will not contact with any other
new customers except we have the right to keep our original old
customers whose names will be specified on the contract.
3.
After this trial period, if both feel satisfied, we can make a
formal exclusive Agency Contract, and release all of our regular
customers to you.
4.
The min. Sales Amount is US$50,000 per month
5.
The commission or profit is to be calculated by yourself
Please consider the above and let us know of your interest soon
1.
文章结构
主题:谢谢贵方12/1来信,有兴趣申请当我方澳洲代理。
说明(1)请被告知目前我们除了有5~6个定期下订单给我们的固定客户外,
在澳洲尚无独家代理。我们没有授权他们其中一家当我方代理的原因是
他们都无法达到我们最低销售量的要求。
(2)我们希望独家代理每个月能下给我们至少美金50 000~60 000元的长
期订单,和我们目前南非代理相同的额度。
(3)因此,在此合约内,我们希望规定的基本条件如下:
① 独家代理合约的试验期为一年
②在试验期间,贵方在贵国市场要尽力推销我们的阀,而我们除了有权保
留合约中规定的原来老客户的联络权外,不再和任何其他新客户联络。
③在试验期后,如果双方都满意,我们可签定正式代理合约,并将所有固
定客户转让给贵方。
④最低销售额是每个月美金 50 000元。
⑤佣金及利润由贵方自行计算。
结论:请考虑以上并尽快让我们知道贵方的兴趣。
词汇/短语
1.
Australia 澳洲;exclusive Agent 独家代理
2.
Regular customer 固定/长期客户;regularly 定期地
3.
Grant 同意/授予; min. sales amount 最低销售量
4.
S. Africa 南非;basic terms 基本条件; formal 正式的
5.
Stipulate 规定; trial period 试验期
6.
Valves 阀; original old customers 原来的老客户
7.
Release放行;profit 利润;calculate 计算