Transcript LG/13/14

International Energy Agency
TREANTON Karen
IEA Energy Statistics Division
London Group on
Environmental and
Economic Accounting
Head of Energy Balances, Prices and Emissions Section
13th meeting
Harmonising greenhouse gas
emissions inventories with
energy statistics:
The work of the IEA with the IPCC
Brussels, 30 September 2008
© OECD/IEA, 2008
 Development of the inventory methodologies
> 1991: IPCC/OECD/IEA GHG Inventories programme
started
> 1995: IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
> 1996: Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
> 2000: Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty
Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
> 2006: 2006 IPCC Guidelines
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 Share of energy in GHG emissions in 2005
in Annex I countries
Waste
3%
Agriculture
8%
Energy 82%
CO2 94%
Industrial
processes
7%
CH4 5%
N2O 1%
Source: UNFCCC; LULUCF is excluded and solvent use is included in industrial processes
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 IPCC methodology relies heavily on energy data
Basic computation for CO2 emissions:
•CO2 emissions by product: Fuel Quantity * Emission Factor
(with corrections for stored and unoxidised carbon)
•Sum over all different products
Can be done from two independent sets of data:
Supply of fuels to the country
Consumption by end-use sectors
Reference Approach
Sectoral Approach
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 Most products / flows are the same
2006 IPCC Guidelines
IEA questionnaires
a lot of effort went in to ensuring
that the products and flows were
as similar as possible
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
Products added to IEA questionnaires
Anthracite
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Coal Tar
© OECD/IEA, 2008

IEA changed the reporting of some flows
1A5 Non-Specified
>
All remaining emissions from fuel
combustion that are not specified
elsewhere. Include emissions from fuel
delivered to the military in the country
and delivered to the military of other
countries that are not engaged in
multilateral operations.
To harmonise with the IPCC:
Moved military fuel use out of international marine bunkers and out of domestic
aviation. This consumption is now included in Other sector – Not elsewhere
specified.
>
To rationalise definitions:
Renamed “inland waterways, coastal shipping” to be “domestic navigation”.
International navigation on inland waterways or coastal waters are now included with
international marine bunkers
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 Terminology changes coordinated
Main Activity
Electricity and Heat
Production
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 Flow definitions defined jointly
Emissions from fuels combusted for inland,
coastal and deep-sea fishing. Fishing should
cover vessels of all flags that have refueled in
the country (include international fishing).
Fishing (mobile
combustion)
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 Harmonisation is not always easy
> Differences remain in the level of detail collected: both in
products and in flows
> Sometimes definitions diverged at the last minute...
> Some definitions are different for a reason
> Default net calorific values diverged in later editions
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 2006 IPCC Guidelines: some differences remain
Orimulsion
Shale Oil
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in the IEA oil
questionnaire the
supply of orimulsion
is in “other
hydrocarbons” and
the consumption is
in bitumen
in the IEA oil
questionnaire shale
oil is in “other
hydrocarbons”
© OECD/IEA, 2008
 Sometimes definitions diverge at the last minute...
Common definition:
Emissions from fuels used by vessels of all
flags that are engaged in international
water-borne navigation. The international
navigation may take place at sea, on inland
lakes and waterways and in coastal waters.
Includes emissions from journeys that
depart in one country and arrive in a
different country.
International waterborne navigation
(International bunkers)
Text added by IPCC at the last minute:
Emissions from international military waterborne navigation can be included as a
separate sub-category of international
water-borne navigation provided that the
same definitional distinction is applied and
data are available to support the definition.
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 Some definitions are different for a reason
Main Activity Electricity
and Heat Production
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>
The IPCC assigns
autoproducers to the sector
where the electricity and heat
were generated
>
The IEA includes autoproducers
as a separate item in the
transformation sector: with an
exception for heat, it receives a
similar treatment to main
activity producers
© OECD/IEA, 2008
 IEA provided default NCVs to the IPCC
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
Source: OECD/IEA, 1996a.
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 Values diverged in later editions
2006 IPCC Guidelines
>
lower and upper
confidence
intervals
New IPCC values based on Annex I Party
submissions, the IPCC emission factor
database and the IEA database
IEA Energy Balances
Europe
Pacific
North
America
>
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New IEA values based on country submissions
through the annual questionnaire process and
consultations with Eurostat and fuel experts
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 What have we learned through harmonisation?
> Better understanding of our own definitions and those
of other organisations
> Not always easy to agree on definitions
> Sometimes definitions are different for a reason and
these differences need to remain
> If the definitions and methodologies are transparent, it
is possible to “bridge” the gap using assumptions
(which should also be transparent)
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 Working with users also benefit data providers
UNFCCC: energy data comparison for S&A report and country reviews
IEA emission comparisons
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