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Digital Media Dr. Jim Rowan ITEC 2110 Animation URLs http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Walt_Disney_Snow_white_1937_trailer_screenshot_%2812%29.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animation_cells.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simpsons_FamilyPicture.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Park_production_comparison.png http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/images/cutout/pram.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SouthParkHD.png Two ways to create moving images • Capture using a camera – edit in a video editor like iMovie • Create using animation techniques • today we will spend most of our time here Two ways to create moving images • Capture using a camera – edit in a video editor like iMovie • Create using animation techniques Image Capture and iMovie... Capture images using miniDV camera Manipulate using iMovie Two ways to create moving images • Capture using a camera – edit in a video editor like iMovie • Create using animation techniques Animation • “Bring to life” using still images to create frames • Many techniques – draw each frame individually (FlipBook) – paint on (or otherwise modify) existing video or film • rotoscope changes frames of an existing film – Trace some portion of a frame and delete it – Add something drawn-in later – – – – cell animation cut-out manipulation clayMation or modeling clay manipulation mixed cell and film Walt Disney Snow White 1937 Cell Animation... Only have to re-create the parts that change Use paintings on clear plastic Can have a background that is larger than the frame and “slides” past Cell Animation... • Disney had an army of excellent painters • More skilled painters painted key frames • Less skilled filled in between the key frames – Known as “tweeners” • Shadows had to be individually painted • Disney’s original cells sell for a fortune • So... what about “Simpsons?” Simpsons • Cell animation • First 14 episodes were hand painted • Subsequent episodes used digital-ink-and-paint to mimic hand-painted cells • So... what about “South Park?” South Park • Pilot was cut-out animation in the style of Terry Gilliam of Monty Python’s Flying Circus fame South Park • After the pilot, episodes used computer animation that mimicked cut-outs • So… why cut-outs? Simpsons vs Southpark • Simpsons takes 6-8 Months per episode – produces reasonably high quality animations • South Park takes 6 weeks – so... if you want to have a plot that is derived from very current events, cut out animation allows you to get it produced before it becomes dated Animation Process... You need to create drawings by some means... either 2D model or 3D model – 2D model to 2D frame • hand drawn • cell • cutout – 3D model to 2D frame • physical model manipulation – aka stop motion clay-mation • 3D computer modeling Animation Process Examples • 2D model producing 2D images? – South Park (cutout) – Simpsons (cell) • 3D model producing 2D images? – 3D model manipulation • Gumby • Wallace and Gromit – 3D computer modeling • Toy Story • Up Animation Process • Create drawings by some means… – 2D model producing 2D images • create an image • store the image as a frame • create another image... Animation Process • Create drawings by some means.. – 3D model producing 2D images – Two approaches -physical model manipulation -3D animation models – both have these elements • produce the model • move the model • define light source • define camera position and angle • take a picture • 3D model, 2D images Physical model Use a physical 3D model – – – – – – – – – build the model set the lighting set the camera position and angle make a frame move the model make a frame move the model... Very time-consuming! Wallace and Gromit – 30 frames per day, 5 years to produce 3D model, 2D images 3D vector-based Using a vector-based 3D model (like Blender) – – – – build the model: time consuming define light source(s) (in the computer) define camera position and angle (in the computer) move the model… a bit different for 3D vector-based • set key frames and time frame • computer generates intervening frames • this is called rendering – render the frames: computationally expensive Other Computer Animation Techniques Create a series of image files and import them to Quicktime Build an animated GIF Directly manipulate cutouts Build an animated GIF • Allows for sequences of images to be placed in one “image” that, when displayed, shows movement Directly Manipulate Cutouts Key Frames • • • • Came from Disney following Henry Ford’s ideas Break production into simpler tasks Assign tasks to less skilled labor At Disney, Key Frames, the important frames, – done by skilled animators – came at important portions of the action – came at scene changes • Less skilled labor connected the action – key-frame to key frame (in-betweeners) • Process is similar to interpolation Key Frame Interpolation • This is natural since model is in the computer as numbers already • Forms of interpolation – linear... motion follows a straight line • velocity is constant • moves same distance for each unit of time • not natural... instantly starts, instantly stops – quadratic... motion follows a curve • acceleration (deceleration) is constant • “easing in” and “easing out” Motion Capture Achieving natural human motion This is REALLY hard to do unless you use motioncapture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_capture Motion Capture Giant Studios http://videoblog.ugo.com/index.php/vid eo/1858922580/Hulk-Motion-Capture Making of AVATAR http://www.popfi.com/wp-content/uploads/avatar-motion-capture.jpg Making of AVATAR http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fOHPCI_9-eQ/0.jpg Making of AVATAR http://images.vizworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/avatar-mocap-530x299.png Making of AVATAR http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_UqUwVPikChs/S1_g9b22WrI/AAAAAAAAL8E/_3L22G2g7Ls/s400/avatar3.jpg Making of AVATAR http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/Avatar-mo-cap-21.jpg Making of AVATAR Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KezEULMEvhQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSC6GZwV1a8&feature=relat ed Virtual Reality • Total immersive VR (full 3 dimensions) – Stereo head mounted display – sensors to detect your position • on your head • on your hands (or any other part that will be in the scene) • Quicktime VR and VRML (3D on 2D screen) – – – – not immersive (you aren’t in them directly) not stereo vision viewed on a 2D screen you are given navigation tools http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/johnny_lee_demos_wii_remote_hacks.html Adding computer-based data to the real world http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m74G_fW6M0k&feature=fvw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JWk_JIE3Ow&feature=related http://technoccult.net/archives/2010/02/04/futurist-chris-arkenberg-interviewed-by-technoccult/ http://cdn.slashgear.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/qualcomm_augmented_reality_sdk580x399.jpg http://gigaom.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/rockem.jpeg Augmented Reality Augmented Reality Augmented Reality Augmented Reality Questions?