Transcript Chapter 3 Lesson 1

Industrialization
1865 - 1901
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did the United States become an industrialized society
after the Civil War?
I. The Rise of Industry
• American business and industry grew rapidly after
the end of the Civil War.
• Industrialization changed the way people lived
and worked
The United States
Industrializes
• After the Civil War,
industry expanded
rapidly
• Electrification advances
in the 1890
• Early 1900s United States
world’s leading industrial
nation
• Gross National Product
(GNP)- the total value of
all goods and services a
country produces during
a year
Natural Resources
• Abundance of raw
materials include
timber, coal, iron,
copper
• Could get resources
cheaply (no importing)
• Most resources were in
the West
• Settlement
accelerated
industrialization
Natural Resources
• New resource called
petroleum, used to
make kerosene fluid
used in lanterns and
stoves
• Began in western
Pennsylvania
• 1859 Frederick Drake
drilled first oil well in
Titusville, PA
• 1900 oil fields from PA
to Texas
A Large Workforce:
Human Resources allowed rapid industrialization
• Human resources allowed
rapid industrialization
• Between 1860-1910
population tripled
• Provided industry with an
abundant workforce
o Came from large families (better living
conditions meant children survived)
o Immigrants - between 1870 and 1910, 17
million immigrants arrived. Some came for
religious freedom others from oppressive
governments
The Rise of Industry
• How did the United States
become an industrialized
society after the Civil War?
The United States
Industrializes
• Why was the United States
successful at industrialization?
The United States
Industrializes
• What were the two significant
growth factors of U.S. industry?
New Inventions
• What invention from this period
has had the most impact on
your daily life? Pay attention to
find out!
New Inventions
• Technologies and
inventions eased
transportation and
communications
• Produced more goods
at lower prices
Thomas Alva Edison
• Menlo Park, New Jersey:
forerunner of the modern
laboratory
• 1877 Phonograph
• Two years later the
electric generator and
light bulb
• Made batteries and
motion pictures
• Lewis Latimer made the
carbon filament to make
the incandescent bulb
more durable
Communications
• Cyrus Fields laid a
telegraph cable across
the Atlantic Ocean in
1866
o Provided faster communication
between U.S. and Europe
• 1876 Scottish immigrant
Alexander Graham Bell
invented the telephone
New Inventions:
George Westinghouse
• George Westinghouse
invented
o air brakes for railroads –
enabled longer and heavier
trains to travel and increased
safety
• Westinghouse
company the first to
use hydroelectric
power
New Inventions
• Thaddeus Lowe
invented the ice
machine
• 1877 Gustavus Swift
shipped refrigerated
meat
• Josephine Cochrane
developed the
automatic dishwasher
• 1882 Edison supplied
New York City with
electricity
New Inventions:
Textile Industry
• Northrop made an
automatic loom to
make cloth quickly
• Power driven sewing
machines and cloth
cutters
• Machines to produce
shoes
• Production moved
from small shops to
large factories
New Inventions
• Which invention do you think
has had the most lasting
influence?
Free Enterprise
• How did Laissez-faire
economics promote
industrialization?
Free Enterprise
• Laissez-fairegovernment should not
interfere in the
economy
• Government
interference drives up
costs
• Economic system with
little or no government
interference is know as
free enterprise system
Free Enterprise
• Laissez-faire relies on
supply and demand to
regulate wages and
prices (Free Market)
• Competition promotes
efficiency and wealth
• Advocate low taxes
and limited
government debt
• Government should
protect property rights
and maintain peace
Free Enterprise
• Practice- to do
something repeatedly
so it becomes standard
• U.S. practiced a
mixture of laissez-faire
by keeping taxes low
while promoting private
investment
Free Enterprise
• Prospect of making a
profit attracted
entrepreneurs
• Entrepreneurs – people
who risk their capital to
organize and run
businesses
• Northern entrepreneurs
supported high tariffs to
protect business from
European
manufacturers
Free Enterprise
• Supported federal subsidies for building roads,
canals, and railroads
• Southern leaders were against subsidies and
favored low tariffs to promote trade – keeps cost of
imported goods low
Free Enterprise
• During the Civil War
Congress greatly
increased tariffs on
imports
• Caused countries to raise
tariffs on U.S. goods
• Tariffs were lowered and
American companies
became more
competitive
• U.S. benefited from being
the largest free trade
zone in the world
Free Enterprise
• How did laissez-faire
economics encourage
businesses to industrialize?
Free Enterprise
• Laissez-faire ideas meant
that business would be able
to grow and adopt new
technologies more freely
and easily