Transcript The Rise of industry

THE RISE OF INDUSTRY
CHAPTER 5 SECTION 1
THE UNITED STATES INDUSTRIALIZES
A. The Industrial Revolution
1. Factory Workers
B. Mines and Factories
1. Gross National Product
* Total value of all goods and services a country produces.
2. GNP from 1865 - 1914
NATURAL RESOURCES
A. American West
• Types of resources
• Self Sustainable
B. Transcontinental Railroad
• Westward
• Eastward
C. New Resources
• Fuel
• Edwin Drake
• 25 Barrels per day to nearly 16,000 barrels
A LARGE WORKFORCE
A. Population of the United States – 1860 to 1910
• Industry
• Consumer Goods
• Family Size
B. Immigration
• Better Life
• Escape Oppressive Governments
• Escape Religious persecution
• Number of immigrants from 1870 to 1910
NEW INVENTIONS
A. Transportation
B. Communication
C. Inventions/Industry = Wealth/Jobs
• See timeline on page 184-185
BELL AND THE TELEPHONE
A. Alexander Graham Bell
•
•
•
•
Sound via an electrical current
Vary the intensity
1877 – Bell Telephone Company
Became American Telephone and Telegraph Company
EDISON, WESTINGHOUSE, AND
ELECTRICITY
A. Thomas Alva Edison
• Improved telegraph
• Menlo Park – Research Laboratory
• Wizard of Menlo Park
• Patented an invention every month
• Owned more than 1,000 patents by his death
•
•
•
•
1877 – Phonograph
1879 – Electric generator and the light bulb
Battery, Dictaphone, Motion Pictures
1889 – Edison General Electric (GE) supplied power to NY City
EDISON, WESTINGHOUSE, AND
ELECTRICITY
B. George Westinghouse
• Air-Brake System for railroads.
• All cars’ brakes were applied at the same time
• rapid and smooth braking.
• Allowed railroads to travel safely at high speeds.
• Alternating Current (AC)
• Distribute electricity using transformers and generators
• 1894 – Westinghouse Electric Company lit Chicago’s Columbia
Exhibition.
• First to use Hydroelectric power at Niagara Falls.
• Generated electricity for streetcars and lights in Buffalo, NY
which was 22 miles away.
TECHNOLOGY ‘S IMPACT
A. Thaddeus Lowe
• Ice Machine
B. Gustavus Swift
• In 1870 he hired an engineer to develop a refrigerated
railroad car.
• “Swift” Meatpacking
• Fresh Food
• Reduced Food Poisoning
TECHNOLOGY ‘S IMPACT
C. Clothing Industry
• Northrop automatic loom
• Bobbins were changed automatically
• Standard sizes of clothes
• Power driven sewing machines and cloth cutters drove
tailors out of business
• Machines also changed how shoes were manufactured.
D. Cyrus Field
• 1866 laid a telegraph cable across the Atlantic
• Instant communication between Europe and the USA.
FREE ENTERPRISE
A. Laissez-faire
• French phrase – “Let people do as they choose”
• Belief that the government should not interfere in the
economy.
• Except to protect private property rights and maintain peace.
• Laissez-Faire relies on supply and demand to regulate wages
and prices.
• Free market with competition between companies.
• Supported low taxes and limited government debt.