Transcript World War I - Mr. Franz US History

World War I
Chapter 19
Activity: War
• For what reasons do countries go to war?
• In your opinion, are there any good
reasons to go to war? Explain.
Causes
• Nationalism – devotion to ones own
country
• Imperialism – countries extending their
land and building empires
• Militarism – building up armed forces
– Naval arms race
2 Sides
• Allies – France, Britain and Russia
• Central Powers (Triple Alliance) – Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Italy
– Ottoman Empire also a big player
Green – Allies
Gold – Central Powers
Gray - Neutral
Assassination Leads to War
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand is shot by
Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo.
– June 1914
– Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian Throne
– Princip a Serbian nationalist
• People thought it would be a short war
between Austria-Hungary and Serbia
• Many nations brought into conflict
Fighting Begins
• August 3, 1914 – Germany invades
Belgium
– Schlieffen Plan – defeat France first then
Russia
• Trench Warfare
• “No Mans Land”
A letter home…
• Imagine that you are fighting in WWI, in
the trenches. Write a letter to a loved one
(Mom, Dad, sibling, spouse, best friend)
that detail what a soldier must have been
thinking in the trenches.
• Fears, experiences, sights, sounds, smells
• Must be at least ½ a page no more than 1
page.
What about the US?
• The question of neutrality
– Do we stay out and profit by selling goods?
– Do we stop the “Bully of Europe”
War Hits Home
• British blockade of Germany
– US ships can’t deliver goods
• Sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boat
– Americans on board
– Other ships attacked, Americans killed
• Woodrow Wilson elected president in 1916
• America declares war
– Zimmerman note – Germany tries to lure
Mexico away from US
War in America
• Selective Service Act – Draft
– 3 million drafted
• Mass production of War Goods
• Convoy System – protect ships
New Inventions
• Machine Gun – 600 rounds per minute
New Inventions
• Airplanes with guns
New Inventions
• Anti-Aircraft Guns
New Inventions
• Poison Gas and Gas masks
New Inventions
• Tanks
War at Home
• Income Tax
• Anti-Immigration Scare
– American’s fearful of an attack from within
• Espionage and Sedition Acts
– Don’t say bad stuff about the gov’t
• Food Conservation
– “One day meatless, another sweetless, two
days wheatless and two more porkless
Everyone Helping
• The “Great Migration”
– African Americans flocking to the north to gain
factory jobs
• Women also taking jobs that were once
seen as strictly for men
War Comes to a Close
• Nov. 1918 – Both Germany and Austria
Hungary surrender
• Armistice – Truce
– At 11:11 on 11-11-1918
• 22 million dead, 20 million wounded
– World’s deadliest war, so far
After the War
• Wilson’s 14 points – plan for world peace
• League of Nations – countries and settle
disagreements
• Treaty of Versailles
– Germany is responsible for war
– Must pay reparations – war damages
– Germany losses territory (Poland)
– Breaks the German economy