Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Early Industry and Inventions

The Growth of Industry
The United States becomes an
Industrial Giant
Industrial Revolution
• The First Industrial Revolution reached the
United States in the early 1800s.
• Industry is the name given to business
involved in manufacturing; transportation; and
communications.
• Second Industrial Revolution was
characterized by an increase in technology.
Ex: Hand tools are replaced by factory
machines, and farming is replaced by largescale manufacturing.
Factors Encouraging Industrial
Growth in the Late 19th Century
1. Natural Resources
An abundance of raw materials
materials was one reason for
the nation’s industrial success.
• Timber
• Coal
• Iron
• Copper
These resources were located
in the American West
• The United States had
enough iron ore and coal
to provide raw materials
for manufactering.
• New Resource:
Petroleum turned into
Kerosene
• Discovery of oil.
Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth
in the Late 19th Century
2. Population Growth
• It stemmed from two
sources: large families
and a flood of legal
immigrants.
• Growth provided industry
with an abundant
workforce and created
greater demand for
consumer goods.
3. Technology
• Technologies and
inventions eased
transportation and
communication. They
encouraged new
industries which in turn
produced more wealth
and jobs.
New Technologies help nation grow
• With new farm equipment, Midwestern
farmers grew food to feed Northeastern
factory workers.
• Midwestern farmers became a market for
Northeastern manufactured goods.
• The growth of the textile factories
increased the demand for Southern cotton.
Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in
the Late 19th Century
• 4. Government Policy.
• Laissez-faire a policy that government
should interfere as little as possible in the
nation’s economy.(hands off business)
• A economic system with little or no
government regulation is known as a free
enterprise system.
Developments of Major New
Industries
Andrew Carnegie
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$
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Scottish businessman
One of the first industrial
moguls to make his own
fortune.
Owned the Carnegie Steel
Company
Passion for supporting
charities
80% of fortune went to
education.
At time of death, he had
given away – 350
million.
John D. Rockefeller
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$
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Standard Oil Co.
Eventually owned most oil
companies in US.
He bought out competitors
or drove them out of
business.
He hated competition (he
saw it as wasteful)
Developments of Major New
Industries
J. Pierpont Morgan
Cornelius Vanderbilt
• Became famous for
• Owner of the largest private
consolidating a number of
banking & securities house
short railroad lines
of America. He reorganized
between NYC & Buffalo
many bankrupt railroads.
to the country’s first great • In 1901; Morgan & his
railroad system; the NY
associates purchased the
Central Station
Carnegie Steel Co & merged
it with other steel producers
to form enormous monopoly
known as US Steel Corp
(nation’s first billion-dollar
Co.)
Inventions
Thomas Alva Edison
-Established the world’s first
research laboratory.
-Perfected the light bulb
-Invented an electrical system
1.Electrical power ran numerous
machines, from fans to
printing presses.
2. Became available to homes
3. Industry grew like never before
George Westinghouse
-The first air brake, making
braking a safer venture on
trains and thus, permitting
trains to travel at higher
speed. Hydro Turbine, elec
power, Niagara Falls
Inventions
Christopher Sholes
-Invented the typewriter
(Changed the world of work)
Alexander Graham Bell
-Invented the telephone
(open the way for worldwide
communication network)
Inventions
Thaddeus Lowe
• -Invented the ice
machine; the basis of the
refrigerator.
Gustavus Swift
• -load of meat shipped on
the first refrigerated car
Inside of
Swift's
Refrigerated
Railroad Car
Inventions
• Railroads were built faster and faster.
Short lines began to join together to make
huge railroad systems.
• All the new inventions and technologies
made work more efficient and goods
cheaper.
Inventors: Notable AfricanAmericans
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Elijah McCoy
An African-American who
developed an automatic
lubricator for steam
engines.
Others tried to copy but it
didn’t work.
Customers would ask for
(the real McCoy) that’s
where the famous
expression comes from.
Madam C.J. Walker
• An African-American
woman who invented a
hair treatment lotion for
black women used to
relax hair.
• She became the first
female African-American
millionaire
Inventors: Notable AfricanAmericans
Sarah Goods- invented cabinet bed
First African-American woman to
receive a patent.
Patent-a document that certifies that
invention & has been registered with
the government to protect rights of
the invention
The End
Technology changed the way that
people lived.