Transcript Document 7282130

New Horizon College English
Unit 2 : Section A
Charlie Chaplin
新视野
Pre-reading Activities
Text Analysis
Main idea and
Structure
Expressions & Patterns
Summary
How to apply to our real
life the typical expressions
and patterns taken from
the text
Exercises
Blank filling
All the exercises
for Section A
议论文与说明文写
作技巧
Writing
II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
New Words & Text
Main Idea & Structure
New Words
Main Idea
Text
Structure
Analysis of Each Part
Part Ⅰ
Part Ⅱ
Part Ⅲ
Part Ⅳ
New Words
• stocking
• ankle
• comic
• tramp
• rag
• applause
• comedy
• scout
• crude
• clap
Back
• revolt
• heel
• beggar
• moustache
• pants
• coarse
• behave
• nationality
• postpone
• doubtful
• immense
• immensely
• extraordinary
• rouse
• script
• pepper
• execute
• correspond
• corresponding
• betray
To be continued
New Words
• collision
• sunset
• relief
• rumor
• Marxist
• spark
• Christmas
• clumsy
• cop
• incident
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Back
• memorial
Phrases and
Expressions
• cut down
• in rags
• for good
• trip up
• make up
• come down
in the world
• to a/some
degree
• go along
• in advance
• find one’s way
into
To be continued
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New Words
Proper Names
• Dickens
• Charlie Chaplin
• the Tramp
• Italy
• Korea
• Mack Sennett
• Hollywood
• Modern Times
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• The Pawnbroker
• The Gold Rush
• Monsieur
Verdoux
• Oona O’Neill
• Keystone Cops
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Text
Back
Charlie Chaplin
He was born in a poor area of south
London. He wore his mother’s old red
stockings cut down for ankle socks. His mother
was temporarily declared mad. Dickens might
have created Charlie Chaplin’s childhood. But
only Charlie Chaplin could have created the
great comic character of “the Tramp”, the little
man in rags who gave his creator permanent
fame.
Para. 1
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Other countries—France, Italy, Spain,
even Japan and Korea—have provided more
applause (and profit) where Chaplin is
concerned than the land of his birth. Chaplin
quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed
to America with a group of performers to do his
comedy act on the stage where talent scouts
recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the
king of Hollywood comedy films.
Para. 2
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Sad to say, many English people in
the 1920’s and 1930’s thought Chaplin’s Tramp
a bit, well, “crude”. Certainly middle-class
audiences did; the working-class audiences were
more likely to clap for a character who revolted
against authority, using his wicked little cane to
trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a
well-placed kick at its broad rear. All the same,
Chaplin’s comic beggar didn’t seem all that
English or even working class.
Para. 3a
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Para. 3b English tramps didn’t sport tiny
moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European
leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that.
Then again, the Tramp’s quick eye for a pretty
girl had a coarse way about it that was
considered, well, not quite nice by English
audiences—that’s how foreigners behaved,
wasn’t it? But for over half of his screen career,
Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his
British nationality.
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Para. 4
Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he
could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find
“the right voice” for his Tramp. He postponed that day as
long as possible: in Modern Times in 1936, the first film in
which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a
nonsense language which sounded like no known
nationality. He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a
college-educated gentleman who’d come down in the
world. But if he’d been able to speak with an educated
accent in those early short comedy movies, it’s doubtful if
he would have achieved world fame. And the English
would have been sure to find it “odd”. No one was certain
whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to
bring about his huge success.
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He was an immensely talented man,
determined to a degree unusual even in the
ranks of Hollywood stars. His huge fame gave
him the freedom—and, more importantly, the
money—to be his own master. He already had
the urge to explore and extend a talent he
discovered in himself as he went along. “It can’t
be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary,” is
how he greeted the first sight of himself as the
Tramp on the screen.
Para. 5
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Para. 6
But that shock roused his imagination.
Chaplin didn’t have his jokes written into a script in
advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical
senses to invent his art as he went along. Lifeless objects
especially helped Chaplin make “contact” with himself as
an artist. He turned them into other kinds of objects.
Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker
became a “sick” patient undergoing surgery; boots were
boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with
salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being
removed like fish bones). This physical transformation,
plus the skill with which he executed it again and again,
are surely the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.
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He also had a deep need to be loved—
and a corresponding fear of being betrayed. The
two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in
his early marriages—the collision between them
resulted in disaster. Yet even this painfullybought self-knowledge found its way into his
comic creations. The Tramp never loses his faith
in the flower girl who’ll be waiting to walk into
the sunset with him; while the other side of
Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French
wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.
Para. 7
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Para. 8a It’s a relief to know that life eventually
gave Charlie Chaplin the stable happiness it had
earlier denied him. In Oona O’Neill Chaplin, he
found a partner whose stability and affection
spanned the 37 years age difference between them
that had seemed so threatening that when the
official who was marrying them in 1942, turned to
the beautiful girl of 17 who’d given notice of their
wedding date and said, “And where is the young
man?”—Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited
outside.
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Para. 8b As Oona herself was the child of a
large family with its own problems, she was wellprepared for the battle that Chaplin’s life became
as unfounded rumors of Marxist sympathies
surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the
center of rest in the quarrels that Chaplin
sometimes sparked in their own large family of
talented children.
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Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977.
A few months later, a couple of almost comic
body-thieves stole his body from the family
burial chamber and held it for money: the
police recovered it with more efficiency than
Mack Sennett’s clumsy Keystone Cops would
have done. But one can’t help feeling Chaplin
would have regarded this strange incident as a
fitting memorial—his way of having the last
laugh on a world to which he had given so many.
Para. 9
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II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Back
What is the text mainly about?
The text is about Charlie Chaplin’s life which is full
of contrasts. He came into the world miserable but
brought the world endless joy. His Tramp on the
screen, crude or coarse in the eyes of the English,
gave him permanent fame in movie history. His
nonsense screen language with no known nationality
brought about his huge success. The contrast
between his desire to be loved and his fear of being
betrayed led to his painful marriages but brought
him the luck to walk into the sunset with Oona. And
even after his death, the theft of his body served as a
fitting memorial to his life as a great comic.
II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Back
How is the text organized?
The passage is made up of four parts—a
general introduction of Charlie Chaplin, his
professional success, his emotional life and the
end of his story—with each of them developed
through the device of contrast. By using
contrast, the author skillfully weaves different
aspects of his life around his life as a great
comic, thus making the article an irresistible
For details
appeal to the reader.
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II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Back
Charlie
A central
Chaplin
topic
Aspect7-8
3 Aspect
Aspect3-6
2 Paras.
Para. 94
Paras.
Aspect1-2
1 Paras.
A general introduction: He came into the world
poor
but made the
world His
richTramp
with joy.
Besides,
His professional
success:
gave
him
if
there
is a fame
balance
between
hispeople
miserable
permanent
though
many
thought
His
emotional
life:
The
contrast
between
his it
childhood
and
his
character
of
the
Tramp,
there
crude;
his
screen
language,
making
no
sense
The
end
of
his
life
story:
The
theft
of
his
dead
desire to be loved and his worry about being and
must
be
a
contrast
between
his
Tramp
and
his
sounding
like
no
known
nationality,
brought
body,
though
a sad
incident,
wascomedy
widely of
betrayed
found
its way
into his
permanent
name
in
comedy
history.
about
his
huge
success;
and
his
first
sightofofhim
the
regarded
a fitting
memorial—his
way
Monsieur as
Verdoux
but
meanwhile
brought
Tramp
on
screen
shocked
him
more
having
last
laugh
on asunset
world
tobut,
which
he
the luckthe
tothe
walk
into the
with
Oona
inhad
importantly,
drove him to extend his talent.
given
reality.so many.
II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Back
Main idea?
Part I
(Paras. 1-2)
Part II
Part III
Chaplin was born into a poor
family but created comic
characters of lasting fame. He won
more reputation in many other
countries than in the land of his
birth.
Devices for developing it?
Part IV
Narration (叙事法)
For details
Back
Para. 1
He was born in a poor area of
south London. He wore his mother’s old red
stockings
cut down
for ankle
socks.
His a
In this part,
narration
is used
to present
mother
was
temporarily
general
introduction
todeclared
Chaplin’smad.
life (The
first
threehesentences
tell of Chaplin’s
before
became famous.
A fact topoor
be living
conditions
objectively.)
noted is that
the narration here is not
Dickens
havebut
created
Charlie
Chaplin’s
simply might
objective,
rather
subjective.
childhood.
Butauthor
only Charlie
Chaplin
could
That is, the
constantly
blended
into
have created the great comic character of “the
his words his admiration for the great
Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his
For details
comic.
creator permanent fame. (The comparison in
the last two sentences displays the author’s
admiration for Chaplin.)
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II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Main idea?
Part I
Part II
(Paras. 3-6)
Part III
This part deals with Chaplin’s
success from his famous comedy,
The Tramp, to sound movies and
his secrets of making great
comedies.
Devices for developing it?
Part IV
Key-word-centered narration
For details
(核心词叙述法)
Back
Back
Para.
Para. 43 deals
concerns
withwhether
Chaplin’s
hisinvention
Tramp was
of “a
created
screen
language”,
in the way which
peculiar
also
to has
the English
much bearing
nationality.
on the
nationality.
…A
Allquick
the same,
comic beggar
didn’t
look Chaplin’s
at the paragraph
III and
VI
seem
English
or
even
working
…
andall
hethat
hadleads
to find
right
voice”
for
his
probably
to “the
a confusion
withclass.
regard
EnglishIn
tramps
didn’t
sporthe
tiny
moustaches,
huge
Tramp.
Modern
Times…
made
up a nonsense
to how the two get related. The secret lies
pants or tail
coats:
European
leaders
and Italian
language
which
sounded
like no
known
in
one
word
—
nationality.
See
details
with
waiters
wore
things
like
that.
Then
again,
the
nationality. ... But if he’d been able to speak with an
the yellow
words,
do
Tramp’s
quick
eye
forwhich
a pretty
girlmuch
had
a to
coarse
educated
accent
in those
earlyhave
short
comedy
movies,
For details
with
nationality.
way
about
itifthat
was considered,
well,
not quite
it’s
doubtful
he would
have achieved
world
fame.
nice the
by English
—been
that’s
howtoforeigners
And
English audiences
would have
sure
find it
behaved,
it?certain
But forwhether
over half
of his screen
“odd”.
Nowasn’t
one was
Chaplin
did it
career,
Chaplin
hadhelped
no screen
voiceabout
to confirm
his
on
purpose
but this
to bring
his huge
British nationality.
success.
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II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Back
Main idea?
Part I
Part II
Part III
(Paras. 7-8)
Part IV
The collision between his urge to
be loved and his fear of being
betrayed led to failure in his early
marriages , found its way into his
comedies, but meanwhile brought
him the chance to walk off into
the sunset with Oona in reality.
Devices for developing it?
General-specific
(总-分法)
For details
Back
A general statement: Life eventually gave
Charlie Chaplin the stable happiness it had
earlier denied him.
Detail 1: Charlie Chaplin found in Oona O’Neill
the stability and affection that spanned
Chaplin __________________________________
the
37 years age difference between them
___________________________________.
Detail 2: Oona O’Neill Chaplin was wellprepared for _________________________
the battle against the rumors
_____________________________________.
charging
Chaplin as a Marxist sympathizer
Detail 3: Oona O’Neill Chaplin was _________
the center
______
of
rest in the quarrels in their own large family
of talented children.
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II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Back
Main idea?
Part I
Part II
Part III
After his death, Chaplin’s dead
body was once stolen, but it was
the incident that served as a fitting
memorial to the great comic of
world fame.
Devices for developing it?
Part IV
(Para. 9)
Narration-argumentation
(叙述-议论法)
For details
Back
The whole paragraph relates an incident
that
body-thieves
stoleChaplin
Chaplin’s
But some
one can’t
help feeling
would
dead
several
his death
havebody
regarded
thismonths
strangeafter
incident
as a
and
heldmemorial
it for money.
Above
all,having
it is the
fitting
— his
way of
the
last sentence of the author’s argument that
last
laugh
on
a
world
to
which
he
had
makes the finishing point, converting an
given so many.
originally
sad event into a comic one.
For details
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III. Expressions & Patterns
A. Expressions
1. to give sb.
permanent fame
2. to provide applause
and (profit) where
sb. is concerned
3. to quit a place for
good
4. sad to say
5. to clap for sb./sth.
>>more
B. Patterns for you
to use as models
1. Typical patterns for
emphasis
2. Typical patterns for
recovery of sth.
denied earlier
3. Typical patterns for
addition of sth.
>>more
III. Expressions & Patterns
Back
6. to revolt against/at/
from sb./sth.
7. to trip sb. up
8. to aim… at…
9. all the same
10. one’s quick eye for…
11. to come down in the
world
12. to achieve world fame
13. to do sth. on purpose
14. to have the urge/a
deep need to do sth.
15. to have… written
into a script
16. painfully-bought
self- knowledge
17. to find one’s way
into…
18. to lose one’s faith in
sb./sth.
19. to walk into the
sunset with sb.
20. to find in sb. a man/
woman of…
III. Expressions & Patterns
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1. 使某人声名永驻
 to give sb. permanent fame (L. 4)
活学活用
在任期间的清正廉洁使他在人民心中声名永驻。
Honesty and uprightness during his tenure
of office gave him permanent fame in the
minds of the people.
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2. 给予某人掌声和收益
 to provide applause and profit where sb. is
concerned (L. 6)
活学活用
我们的社会应给予伸张正义者更多的掌声和
奖励。
Our society should provide more applause
and reward where the upholders of justice
are concerned.
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3. 永久地离开了某地
 to quit a place for good (L. 7)
活学活用
故乡是一个你的双脚或许会永远离开但心却
决不会离开的地方。
Your hometown is a place that your feet
may quit for good but your heart never.
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4. 不幸的是
 sad to say (L. 11)
活学活用
不幸的是，这个海滨胜地曾经风景如画，现在
却人满为患。
Sad to say, this seaside resort was formerly as
beautiful as a painting, but now is
overcrowded with people.
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5. 为······拍手喝彩
 to clap for sth./sb. (L. 13)
活学活用
人们对足球场上的友好举止拍手叫好，而对
恶意的行为则嗤之以鼻。
People clap for friendly behavior on the
football ground, but sneeze at evil conduct.
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6. 反抗/反感······
 to revolt against/at/from sth./sb. (L. 13)
活学活用
他们很反感那些眼高手低、志大才疏的人。
They revolt at those who have great
ambition but little ability.
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7. 绊倒某人； 使某人犯错误；使某人受挫
 to trip sb. up (L. 14)
活学活用
仔细阅读这些问题，因为出题者有时会有
意诱导你犯错。
Read the questions carefully, because the
examiners sometimes try to trip you up.
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8. 把······对准······
 to aim… at… (L. 14)
活学活用
追求完美才能做好，追求一般则会弄糟。
Aiming your efforts at perfection, you’ll
achieve the good; but aiming at only the
average, you’ll gain the bad.
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9. 尽管如此；仍然
 all the same (L. 14)
活学活用
他的祖国为贫穷和落后所困扰，但他仍深深
地眷恋着她。
His motherland is troubled with poverty and
backwardness, but he feels a deep affection
for her all the same.
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10. 瞟某人/某物的眼神
 one’s quick eye for sb./sth. (L. 18)
活学活用
小男孩一动不动盯着餐桌上食物的眼神说明
他当时有多么饥饿。
The little boy’s fixed eye for the food on the
table revealed how hungry he was at the
time.
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11. 落魄，潦倒
 to come down in the world (L. 29)
活学活用
潦倒不堪时勿丧志，飞黄腾达时莫忘形。
When coming down in the world, don’t
grow dejected; when coming up in the
world, don’t get swollen-headed.
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12. 闻名世界
 to achieve world fame (L. 31)
活学活用
无论何种文化，民族特征越多，闻名于世的可
能性就越大。
No matter what culture, the more national
traits it has, the more chances of achieving
world fame it stands.
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13. 有意做某事
 to do sth. on purpose (L. 32)
活学活用
通常情况下，改造故意犯罪者要比改造过失
犯罪者难得多。
In general, it is much more difficult to
reform those who commit a crime on
purpose than those who offend through
negligence.
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14. 有一种要做······的欲望
 to have the urge/a deep need to do sth.
(L. 36/47)
向社会证明自身价值的欲望固
活学活用
然重要，而更重要的是把欲望
变成现实的能力。
It is important to have the urge to prove
one’s worth to society, but more important
is the ability to turn the urge into reality.
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15. 把······写成文字
 to have… written into a script (L. 39)
活学活用
除非把你独特的想法写成文字,否则要公
众理解是不可能的。
It is impossible to get your unique ideas
across to the public, unless you have them
written into a script.
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16. 以沉重的代价换来的自知之明
 painfully-bought self-knowledge (L. 49)
活学活用
通过不懈努力换来的自信心可以使人受益
终生。
The self-confidence bought with unyielding
efforts is of endless benefit to one’s whole
life.
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17. 进入，来到（某处）······
 to find one’s way into… (L. 49)
活学活用
一旦你高尚的情操融入你的行为之中，你会
发现自己的生活充满情趣。
Once your noble sentiment finds its way into
your behavior, you will find your life rich
with interest and taste.
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18. 失去了对······的信心
 to lose one’s faith in sb./sth. (L. 50)
活学活用
对前途失去信心的人只能听从命运的摆布。
He who has lost his faith in his future has
to be at the mercy of fate.
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19. 与某人共同走进夕阳之中/与某人白头偕老
 to walk into the sunset with sb. (L. 51)
活学活用
沉浸在热恋中的人都希望与对方白头偕老，但
是结婚后总有一些人会改变主意。
Those bathed in love wish to walk off into
the sunset with each other. But there are
always some who change their minds after
marriage.
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20. 发现某人是一个······
 to find in sb. a man/woman of… (L. 54)
活学活用
我们发现她是一个训练有素的人，有手艺、
有眼光、有头脑，同时也具有良好的修养，
彬彬有礼。
We have found in her a woman of trained
hand, eye, and brain; disciplined and good
mannered.
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1. Typical patterns for emphasis:
原句:Dickens might have created Charlie
Chaplin’s childhood. But only Charlie Chaplin
could have created the great comic character of
“the Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his
creator permanent fame. (L. 4)
狄更斯或许会创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，
但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角
色“流浪者”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣
衫褴褛的小人物。
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句型提炼
1. Sb. else might do/have done sth. But
only sb. can do/could have done sth. else.
别人或许会做某事，但只有某人才会做别
的事。
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应用：a. 在你身陷困境时，或许别人会帮你一
把，但只有你才能真正帮自己从中摆脱出来。
When you are caught in a dilemma, others
might lend you a hand. But only you can
help yourself out.
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应用：b. 或许很多其他因素都有助于一个人
生活的转折，但是只有努力工作才能使他踏
上成功之路。
Many other factors might have contributed
to the turn of one’s life. But only hard work
could have led him to the road to success.
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原句: He was an immensely talented man,
determined to a degree unusual even in the
ranks of Hollywood stars. (L. 34)
他是一个有巨大才能的人，他的决心之大甚至在好
莱坞明星中也是十分少见的。
句型提炼
2. Sb. is a… person/is in…, adj./p.p. to a degree
unusual even in the ranks/world/family of…
某人是个······人/处于······境界，其······的程
度之大甚至在······中也是十分少见的。
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应用：a. 陈景润是一个毕生追求真理的人，其
执著程度之大甚至在科学家中也是十分罕见的。
Chen Jing-run was a lifelong seeker after
truth, perseverant to a degree unusual even
in the ranks of scientists.
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应用：b. 婚后20年，他们依然深深地相爱着，
彼此依恋的程度之大甚至在鸳鸯家族中也十分
罕见。
After twenty years of marriage, they are still
in deep love, attached to each other to a
degree unusual even in the family of
mandarin ducks.
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2. Typical patterns for recovery of sth. denied earlier
原句:It’s a relief to know that life eventually
gave Charlie Chaplin the stable happiness it
had earlier denied him. (L. 53)
令人宽慰的是，生活最终把他先前没能得到的稳
定的幸福给了卓别林。
句型提炼
It is a relief to know that life/fate eventually/at
last gave sb. sth. it had earlier denied him/her.
令人宽慰的是，生活/命运最终把某人先前没能
得到的东西给了他/她。
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应用：a. 令人宽慰的是，新制度最终把黑人
奴隶在旧制度中没能得到的自由给了他们。
It’s a relief to know that the new system
eventually gave black slaves the freedom the
old had earlier denied them.
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应用：b. 令人宽慰的是，持之以恒最终使他
如愿以偿，把他先前由于时运不济无法得到
的东西给了他。
It is a relief to know that perseverance
eventually gave him the result that he had
long desired for but fate had earlier denied
him.
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3. Typical patterns for addition of sth.
原句: His huge fame gave him the freedom —
and, more importantly, the money — to be his
own master. (L. 35)
他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了
财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。
句型提炼
1. Sth. gives / brings sb. sth.—and, more
importantly, sth. else—to do / be…(后置定语)
某事为某人带来了······，更重要的是带来
了······，他/她因此得以······
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应用：a. 她对知识孜
孜不倦的追求为她带来
了渴望，更重要的是带
来了能力，她因此得以 Her devoted pursuit
发掘并扩展自己身上所 of knowledge gave her
the desire — and,
显露的天才。
more importantly, the
ability — to explore
and extend a talent
she found in herself.
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应用：b. 他的豁达与宽容为他带来了荣誉，更
重要的是带来了机遇，他因此得以出人头地。
His open-mindedness and tolerance brought
him the honor — and, more importantly, the
scope, — to be well ahead of others.
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原句: This physical transformation, plus the
skill with which he executed it again and again,
are surely the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.
(L. 45)
这种对具体事物的发挥转化，以及他一次又一次做
出这种转化的技巧，正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘。
句型提炼
2. Sth., plus sth. else, are surely…
某事，以及······，正是······
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应用：a. 金钱，以及他对金钱无休止的贪婪，
正是他犯罪的根源。
Money, plus his
endless greed for
it, are surely the
root of his crime.
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应用：b. 她对周围一切事物浓厚的兴趣，
以及她能容下所有人悲伤的宽广胸襟，正
是她长寿的秘诀。
Her strong interest in everything around her,
plus her heart so large that everybody’s grief
can find welcome in it, are surely the secrets
of her living to a mighty age.
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IV. Summary
despite the fact that Chaplin
Interestingly, _________________
much more popular
came from Britain, he was __________
in other countries than in his own mother
country. The truth is that most English people
considered the Tramp a little _____.
crude It was
_________
too much
generally thought by
__ them that he had ________
of an eye for the ladies ________
and that his clothes
like an Italian
gave him an appearance more ___
waiter than ________
anything else. ________
All in all the image
was not gentleman-like according to many
IV. Summary
English people. However
________, the silent movies
conceal his true nationality
helped Chaplin to _______
put off making a
from American audiences. He ______
talking movie until
____ 1936 when he ________
made up a
nonsense language which sounded like no
known nationality. He ____
once said he thought of
the Tramp __
as an educated man who had fallen
on
__ hard times. The truth is , however, that he
was seen as
was probably popular because he ________
against the privileged
character who revolted _______
classes.
V. Exercises
Comprehension
《读写教程4》EX: II, P. 37
Vocabulary
《读写教程4》EX: III, P. 37
《读写教程4》EX: IV, P. 38
Collocation
《读写教程4》EX: V, P. 38
Word Building
《读写教程4》EX: VI, P. 39
《读写教程4》EX: VII, P. 39
Structure
《读写教程4》EX: VIII, P. 40
《读写教程4》EX: IX, P. 40
Translation
《读写教程4》EX: X, P. 41
《读写教程4》EX: XI, P. 41
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. II, p. 37
II. Answer the following questions.
1. What do you learn about Charlie Chaplin
from the first paragraph of the passage?
He lived a poor and miserable life during his
childhood.
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
2. According to the author, why did Charlie
Chaplin win greater popularity in other
countries than in his own country, Britain?
Possibly because he left Britain when he was
young and never came back; most figures he
created were not of a gentleman-like British
style.
3. Why didn’t Chaplin’s comic beggar seem
very English?
His dress and behavior were not English.
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
4. What do you know from this passage about
Chaplin’s film named Modern Times?
It was the first movie in which Chaplin used
voice for the characters.
5. How did Chaplin usually create his great
comedy?
Using his physical senses to invent his art as
he went along without prepared script.
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
6. How can you feel Chaplin’s deep need to be
loved and his fear of being betrayed?
We can find that from the characters he
created, such as the flower girl and the
French wife killer.
7. What influence did Oona have on Chaplin’s
life?
She brought stable happiness to him and
became the center of rest in his life.
III. Exercises--Comprehension
8. Which word in the last paragraph can best
describe the incident mentioned?
Comic.
Back
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. III, p. 37
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
spark coarse correspond collision doubtful
revolt behave memorial immense incident
relief rouse applause
execute postpone
1. She was very polite and, like the rest of her
people, never laughed if an outsider said
something ______.
coarse
2. The political weakness of these countries
corresponded
____________ to their economic weakness.
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spark coarse correspond collision doubtful
revolt behave memorial immense incident
relief rouse applause
execute postpone
3. It is doubtful
________ whether these filmmaking
pioneers had any sense at all of the new
invention’s potential significance.
4. Chaplin’s films roused/sparked
______________ my interest
in comedy and I went to work for the
theatrical company.
5. Now that we have approval we may
execute
_______ the scheme as previously agreed.
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V. Exercises--Vocabulary
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spark coarse correspond collision doubtful
revolt behave memorial immense incident
relief rouse applause
execute postpone
relief when
6. Her husband breathed a sigh of _____
he learnt Mrs. Baroda wanted to have
Gouvernail visit them again.
7. As all the performers were either related to
or known to the audience, each act was
applause
greeted with loud and equal ________.
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V. Exercises--Vocabulary
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spark coarse correspond collision doubtful
revolt behave memorial immense incident
relief rouse applause
execute postpone
8. With about five years before the opening of
Olympic Games 2008 there is a(n) immense
________
amount of work to be done.
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V. Exercises--Vocabulary
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《读写教程 IV》: Ex. IV, p. 38
IV. Fill in each of the blanks in the following
sentences with a suitable preposition or
adverb.
1. Charlie Chaplin was born in the slums of
south London but in 1913 he left Britain
_____ good.
for
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V. Exercises--Vocabulary
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against
2. When non-Europeans revolted ______
colonial rule, they would do so with the
slogans of the Rights of Man and national
self-determination on their lips.
3. The interview was really stressful. They
were trying to trip me _____ all the way
through.
up
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V. Exercises--Vocabulary
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4. His performance last night at the grand
theater was greeted _____ cheers.
with
5. I couldn’t remember a fairy story to tell
the children, so I made _____ one as I
went along.
up
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V. Exercises--Vocabulary
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6. I consider also that the decision in question
was not appropriate _____ a degree by
undue weight being given to the question of
an economic crisis.
to
7. They’ll have to cut the film _____ —it’s far
too long.
down
8. Two drivers were killed in a head-on
collision _____ a car and a taxi last night.
between
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V. Exercises--Collocation
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《读写教程 IV》: Ex. V, p. 38
V. Look at the following sentence taken from your
reading passage. Just think about what else you
can “resist” and fill in the sentences with the
right word.
e.g. Indeed, it was a headache for
Chaplin when he could no longer
resist the talking movies and had to
find “the right voice” for his Tramp.
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V. Exercises--Collocation
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1. These letters are particularly valuable to us
because Pliny was clearly aware of the need
to resist the temptation
temp_____ to exaggerate and
to describe objectively what he had
experienced.
2. People sometimes resist change
ch____ to save face
when they think that supporting change
would amount to an admission that some of
their previous decisions or beliefs were
wrong.
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V. Exercises--Collocation
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3. It was such a beautiful place that very few
can resist the urge
u___ to stop and sit in one of
the small roadside restaurants and simply
soak up (吸收) the atmosphere.
4. Without substantially re-thinking their
politics, there was little they could do to
resist the new policies
po_____ .
5. They are also very confident people with a
secure sense of their own identity, and are
pressures brought
able to resist the various pre______
to them by friends, relatives and society.
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V. Exercises--Collocation
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6. The police had been ordered to open fire if
arrest
the terrorists resisted ar____.
demand for a further
7. At first he resisted the dem___
investigation, on the grounds that there was
insufficient evidence.
8. The researcher must try to resist the
att_____ that will certainly get him or her to
attempts
“take sides”.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
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《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VI, p. 39
VI. The suffix –ist is added to nouns, verbs or
adjectives to form new nouns with the meaning
of a person believing in or practicing, a person
concerned with, or a person who does the specified
action. For example:
Marx + -ist
social + -ist
violin + -ist
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a person believing
Marxist:
in Marxism.
a person believing
socialist:
in socialism.
a person who plays
violinist:
the violin.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
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Now have a look at the following words with
–ist and think of their meanings. Then fill in
the blanks with some of them. Change the
form if necessary.
educationist activist
modernist pianist
extremist
artist
terrorist capitalist
novelist biologist
idealist tourist
1. As an _____,
artist Chaplin explored and
extended a talent he discovered in himself
as he went along.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
educationist activist
modernist pianist
extremist
artist
Back
terrorist capitalist
novelist biologist
idealist tourist
2. It is reported that one tourist was killed
and three were wounded in ________
terrorist
attacks.
3. The great _______
novelist Dickens might have
created Charlie Chaplin’s childhood if he
had lived in the same age as Chaplin.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
educationist activist
modernist pianist
extremist
artist
Back
terrorist capitalist
novelist biologist
idealist tourist
activists in the
4. Women politicians and _______
town say they are fighting deeply held
cultural traditions.
5. A ________
biologist is a person who studies living
things.
6. We all think that Mr. Morris is just an
______ who doesn’t understand the real
idealist
world.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
educationist activist
modernist pianist
extremist
artist
Back
terrorist capitalist
novelist biologist
idealist tourist
7. During that period there was a
redistribution of income away from
laborers towards landowners and
capitalists
_________.
8. Seaside resorts (度假地) such as
Blackpool and Brighton are now
preparing for a ______
tourist invasion.
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《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VII, p. 39
VII. The suffix -ism is added to verbs, nouns
or adjectives to form new nouns
referring to beliefs, behavior, actions or
ceremonies. For example:
social
+ -ism
criticize + -ism
terror
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+ -ism
a political and
socialism:
economic theory
the action or process
criticism:
of criticizing
using violence for
terrorism:
political aims
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V. Exercises—Word Building
Back
Now study the following words ending in
–ism and then complete the sentences with
some of the words given.
heroism
Communism
humanism
modernism
realism
racism
criticism
terrorism
extremism
ageism
capitalism
socialism
industrialism sexism
idealism
1. Terrorism
_________ knows no borders—it is an
international problem and demands
international co-operation.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
heroism
Communism
humanism
modernism
realism
racism
criticism
terrorism
Back
extremism
ageism
capitalism
socialism
industrialism sexism
idealism
2. Early ____________
industrialism began the process of
transferring some production processes
(e.g. cloth making, sewing and canning
foods) from the home to the marketplace.
3. They didn’t even consider her for the job
because she was 46—it was a typical case
ageism
of ______.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
heroism
Communism
humanism
modernism
realism
racism
criticism
terrorism
Back
extremism
ageism
capitalism
socialism
industrialism sexism
idealism
4. Although his life was packed with drama,
exciting travel adventures, wealth and
personal ________,
idealism in his heart he felt the
emptiness of it all.
5. Middle-class audiences’ criticism
_______ of
Chaplin’s Tramp was that the character
was a bit “crude”.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
heroism
Communism
humanism
modernism
realism
racism
criticism
terrorism
Back
extremism
ageism
capitalism
socialism
industrialism sexism
idealism
6. One of my students was awarded a medal
for his _______
heroism in saving two drowning
children.
7. There is a strong feeling among many black
people that ______
racism is deep-rooted in the
country and that black people face
discrimination (歧视) in education, training
and employment.
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V. Exercises—Word Building
heroism
Communism
humanism
modernism
realism
racism
criticism
terrorism
Back
extremism
ageism
capitalism
socialism
industrialism sexism
idealism
8. Modernism
__________ seeks to find new forms of
expression and rejects traditional or
accepted ideas.
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V. Exercises—Structure
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VIII, p. 40
VIII. Look at the following model sentence
picked up from Passage A. The if-clause is
in the past perfect tense whereas the main
clause is in future perfect tense. The time
is past and what is expressed in the main
clause cannot be fulfilled because the
action in the if-clause didn’t happen. Now
combine the 2 independent sentences into
one after the model.
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V. Exercises—Structure
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Model: He had not been able to speak with an
educated accent in those early short
comedy movies.
He would be unlikely to achieve world
fame.
If he’d been able to speak with an
educated accent in those early short comedy
movies, it’s doubtful if he would have achieved
world fame.
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V. Exercises—Structure
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1. I had no idea that you were coming. So I
didn’t meet you at the airport.
If I had known that you were coming, I
would have met you at the airport.
2. He did not try to leave the country. So he
was not stopped at the frontier.
If he had tried to leave the country, he
would have been stopped at the frontier.
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V. Exercises—Structure
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3. We hadn’t found him earlier. So we could
not save his life.
If we had found him earlier, we could have
saved his life.
4. I failed to catch that plane. So I was lucky
not to be killed in the air crash.
If I had caught that plane, I would have
been killed in the air crash.
5. He had been in poor health. So he hadn’t
written many books.
If he had been in better health, he could
have written more books.
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V. Exercises—Structure
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. IX, p. 40
IX. Combine the following sentences using “it”
as the formal subject for an infinitive clause.
Model: Life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the
stable happiness it had earlier denied him. It is a
relief.
It’s a relief to know that life eventually
gave Charlie Chaplin the stable happiness it had
earlier denied him.
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V. Exercises—Structure
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1. Mr. Lawrence has much time left for
anything else, with so much going on at the
office. It is a wonder.
With so much going on at the office, it is a
wonder to find that Mr. Lawrence has
much time left for anything else.
2. Television enjoys its greatest competitive
advantage on information. It is a surprise
to us.
It is a surprise to us to find that television
enjoys its greatest competitive advantage
on information.
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V. Exercises—Structure
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3. The students will get the new facts in the
lecture confused with their existing
knowledge. It is a possibility for us to expect.
It is a possibility for us to expect that the
students will get the new facts in the lecture
confused with their existing knowledge.
4. We have run out of water and food. It is a
fact.
It is a fact to know that we have run out of
water and food.
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V. Exercises—Structure
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5. The driver controlled the car during the
stormy weather. It is a relief.
It is a relief to learn that the driver controlled
the car during the stormy weather.
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V. Exercises—Translation
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. X, p. 41
X. Translate the following into English.
1. 或许别的作家也会写出关于伦敦的故事，可
是只有他才能创造出大卫这样一个使其创造
者声名永驻的人物。
give sb. permanent
might have written
fame
Other writers might have written stories about
London. But only he could have created the
character David, who gave his creator
permanent fame.
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V. Exercises—Translation
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2. 比起其他的国家，就这位科学家而言，中
国给予了他更多的掌声，更多的荣誉，当
然更多的收益。
provide more
applause, more honor
sb. is concerned
China has provided more applause, more
honor and, of course, more profit where this
scientist is concerned than any other countries.
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V. Exercises—Translation
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3. 他感觉到了一种冲动，要将这个技巧运用
得完美无缺。
have an urge
execute sth. perfectly
He had an urge to execute this skill perfectly.
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V. Exercises—Translation
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4. 这种对具体事物的发挥转化，以及他一次
又一次做出这种转化的技巧，正是卓别林
伟大喜剧的奥秘。
physical
transformation
execute it again
and again
plus
This physical transformation, plus the skill
with which he executed it again and again,
are surely the secrets of Chaplin’s great
comedy.
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V. Exercises—Translation
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5. 而这种吃惊唤起了他的想象。卓别林并没
有把他的笑料事先写成文字。他是那种边
表演边根据身体感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演
员。
physical
have his jokes
senses
rouse his
imagination
invent art
written into a
script in advance
But that shock roused his imagination. Chaplin
didn’t have his jokes written into a script in
advance; he was the kind of comic who used his
physical senses to invent his art as he went along.
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6. 他也深切地渴望被爱，也相应地害怕遭到
背叛。这两者很难结合在一起，有时这种
冲突导致了灾难，就像他早期的几次婚姻
那样。
have a deep need
to be loved
be hard to
combine
fear of being
betrayed
He also had a deep need to be loved—and a
corresponding fear of being betrayed. The
two were hard to combine and sometimes—
as in his early marriages—the collision
between them resulted in disaster.
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7. 尽管她从未对自己的能力失去信心，但
她能否进入最佳演出状态还值得怀疑。
find one’s
way into
it is doubtful…
lose one’s faith in
It’s doubtful whether she can find her way
into perfect acting, though she never loses
her faith in her own ability.
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8. 令人宽慰的是，他终于在临终前写完了
这本被看作其写作生涯最好纪念的书。
be regarded as
It is a relief to
know that…
a fitting memorial to
his life as a writer
It was a relief to know that he finally
finished the book before his death, which
was regarded as a fitting memorial to his
life as a writer.
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《读写教程 IV》: Ex. XI, p. 41
XI. Translate the following into Chinese.
1. But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the
great comic character of “The Tramp”, the little
man in rags who gave his creator permanent
fame.
但只有查理•卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜
剧角色“流浪者”，这个使其创作者声名永
驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
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2. All the same, Chaplin’s comic beggar didn’t
seem all that English or even working class.
尽管如此，卓别林的喜剧乞丐形象并不显
得那么像英国人，甚至也没有劳动阶级的
特色。
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V. Exercises--Translation
3. But if he’d been able to speak with an
educated accent in those early short comedy
movies, it’s doubtful if he would have
achieved world fame—and the English
would have been sure to find it “odd”.
但假如他在早期那些短小喜剧电影中能操
一口受过教育的人的口音，则他是否会闻
名世界就值得怀疑了，而英国人也肯定会
觉得这很“古怪”。
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4. He already had the urge to explore and
extend a talent he discovered in himself as
he went along.
随着事业的发展，他感到了一种冲动要
去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露的天才。
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V. Exercises--Translation
5. Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin
make “contact” with himself as an artist.
没有生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自
己艺术家的天赋。
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V. Exercises--Translation
6. Yet even this painfully-bought selfknowledge found its way into his comic
creations.
然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来的自知之
明也在他的喜剧创作中得到了表现。
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7. As Oona herself was the child of a large
family with its own problems, she was wellprepared for the battle that Chaplin’s life
became as unfounded rumors of Marxist
sympathies surrounded them both—and,
later on, she was the center of rest in the
quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in
their own large family of talented children.
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由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大
家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好
了充分准备，因为当时有毫无根据的流言说他
俩是马克思主义的同情者。后来在他们自己的
有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会
引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。
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V. Exercises--Translation
8. But one can’t help feeling Chaplin would
have regarded this strange incident as a
fitting memorial—his way of having the
last laugh on a world to which he had given
so many.
但是人们不禁会感到，卓别林一定会把这
一奇怪的事情看作是对他的十分恰当的纪
念。他以这种方式给这个自己曾带来那么
多笑声的世界留下了最后的笑声。
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Ⅵ. Writing
My Insight into Sth. Instructive
1. 怎样理解/为什么说······？
2. 例如,······
3. 又如,······
（举例说明文）
写作模式
参考范文
写作模式（举例说明文）
Back
1) A closer analysis/study of the proverb/
motto/saying/epigram— … —tells/suggests
that … 2) In other words,… 3) This rule holds
true for many cases in our life/Our life abounds
with cases in point.
4) Just think of/consider, for example,…
5) … (面临的困难或障碍) 6) To make things
worse,… (更大的困难或障碍) 7) Stuck in the
straits,… (另谋成功之路并如愿以偿) 8) Only
through such adjustments in his/pursuits did…
(结论句)
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（划线部分可替换）
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
9) Another case in point is that of… 10)
Repeated failures in… convinced him/her of the
fact that there would be no hope of realizing his
/her life value along this road. 11) After several
days of hard thinking, he/she resolved to take
another way—… 12) Now as…, he often
repeats his motto:… (结论句)
（划线部分可替换）
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Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
All Roads Lead to Rome
1) 怎样理解“条条大路通罗马”？
2）例如，······
3）又如，······
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Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
1) A closer study of the proverb—All roads
lead to Rome—tells that your sensible and
proper adjustments in the course of your life
always lead you to success. 2) In other words,
when things go wrong and you can not make it to
your intended target, you still stand chances of
success as long as you don’t give up trying and
meanwhile make some effective adjustments. 3)
This rule holds true for many cases in our life.
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Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
4) Just think of, for example, the story of
Charlie Chaplin. 5) He was born into a poor
family, with his childhood suffering from his
mother’s mental disorder and an unstable life. 6)
To make things worse, his native country, Britain,
showed great dislike for his coarse act on the
stage. 7) Stuck in the straits, Chaplin chose to
quit his motherland for the USA, where he found
his lifelong stage on which to give fullest play to
his talents. 8) Only through such changes in his
pursuits did Chaplin achieve world fame.
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Ⅵ.
Writing
9) Another case in point is that of my elder
brother. 10) Repeated failures in the National
College Entrance Examinations convinced him
of the fact that there would be little hope of
realizing his life value along this road. 11) After
several days of hard thinking, he resolved to
take another way—planting rare flowers and
herbs. 12) Now as the manager of a big
floriculture company, he often repeats his
motto: When there is no beam of light in the
east, there must be a ray of hope in the west.
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THE END
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Text
查理·卓别林
Para. 1
他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困
地区，他所穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜
上剪下来的。他妈妈一度被诊断为精神失
常。狄更斯或许会创作出查理·卓别林的童
年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了
不起的喜剧角色“流浪者”，这个使其创作
者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
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Text
Para. 2
就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法
国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本和朝鲜，比
他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声(和更多的
收益)。卓别林在1913年永久地离开了英国，
与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表
演。在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片
之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。
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不幸的是，20世纪二三十年代的
很多英国人认为卓别林的 “流浪者” 多少有
点“粗俗”。中产阶级当然这样认为；劳动阶
级倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍
手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或把皮
靴后跟对准权势者宽大的臀部一踢。尽管如
此，卓别林的喜剧乞丐形象并不那么像英国
人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。
Para. 3
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Text
Para. 3
英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿
肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大
利的侍者才那样穿戴。另外，流浪汉瞟着漂
亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗，被英国观众认为
不太正派—只有外国人才那样，不是吗？而
在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中，银幕上的他是
不出声的，也就无法证明他是英国人。
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事实上，当卓别林再也无法抵制有声
电影，不得不为他的流浪者找 “合适的声音”时，
那确实令他头痛。他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来：
1936年的《摩登时代》是第一部他在影片里发声
唱歌的电影，他扮演一名侍者，操着编造的胡言
乱语，听起来不像任何国家的语言。后来他说，
他想像中的流浪汉是一位受过大学教育，但已经
家道败落的绅士。但假如他在早期那些短小喜剧
电影中能操一口受过教育的人的口音，那么他是
否会闻名世界就值得怀疑了，而英国人也肯定会
觉得这很“古怪”。虽然没有人知道卓别林这么干
是不是有意的，但是这促使他获得了巨大的成功。
Para. 4
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他是一个有巨大才能的人，他的
决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也是十分少见
的。他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要
的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主
人。随着事业的发展，他感到了一种冲动要
去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露的天才。当他
第一次在银幕上看到自己扮演的流浪汉时，
他说：“这不可能是我。那可能吗？瞧这角
色多么与众不同啊！”
Para. 5
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Para. 6
而这种吃惊唤起了他的想像。卓别林
并没有把他的笑料事先写成文字。他是那种边表
演边根据身体感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演员。没有
生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家的
天赋。他会将这些物体发挥成其他东西。因此，
在《当铺老板》中，一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受
手术的“病人”；在《淘金记》中，靴子被煮熟，
靴底蘸着盐和胡椒被吃掉，就像上好的鱼片(鞋
钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除)。这种对具体事物的发
挥转化，以及他一次又一次做出这种转化的技巧，
正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘。
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Para. 7
他也深切地渴望被爱，同时相应地
害怕遭到背叛。这两者很难结合在一起，有时
这种冲突导致了灾难，就像他早期的几次婚姻
那样。然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来的自知
之明也在他的喜剧创作中得到了表现。流浪汉
始终没有失去对卖花女的信心，相信她正等待
着与自己共同走进夕阳之中；而卓别林的另一
面使他的《凡尔杜先生》，一个杀了妻子的法
国人，成为了仇恨女人的象征。
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令人宽慰的是，生活最终把他先
前没能获得的稳定的幸福给了卓别林。他找
到了沃娜·奥尼尔·卓别林这个伴侣。她的稳
定和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。
他们的年龄差别太大，以致当1942年他们要
结婚时，新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后，为
他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘：
“那年轻人在哪儿?”—当时已经54岁的卓别
林一直小心翼翼地在外面等候着。
Para. 8
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Para. 8
由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各
种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中
将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当
时有毫无根据的流言说他俩是马克思主义
的同情者。后来在他们自己的有那么多天
才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争
吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。
Text
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Para. 9
卓别林死于1977年圣诞节。几个
月后，几个近乎可笑的盗尸者从他的家庭墓
室盗走了他的尸体以借此诈钱。警方追回了
他的尸体，其效率比麦克·塞纳特拍摄的启斯
东喜剧片中的笨拙警察要高得多。但是人们
不禁会感到，卓别林一定会把这一奇怪的事
件看作是对他的十分恰当的纪念 — 他以这
种方式给这个自己曾带来这么多笑声的世界
留下最后的笑声。