Transcript Document 7163879

ERP System and Current Practices
References
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Vernadat, Enterprise modeling and integration
王立志, 系統化運籌與供應鏈管理
Keller, SAP R/3 process-oriented
implementation
Oracle ERP training handouts
Shtub, Enterprise Resource Planning
Drivers for Enterprise Integration
More choices
Lower price
Lower customer
loyalty
Enterprise
Shorter product
life cycle
Better quality
Shorter time to
market / customer
Source: 林欽文, “Supply chain management in Taiwan’s mfg,” in 1999 CALS/eBusiness管理與技術研討會
Enterprise System Integration Trend
System
integration
GL
ERP
EIS
POS
BOM
PUR
ACC
INV
FIN
EOS
CAD/CAM
SFC
Partially
integrated
system
SCP/SCM
EC
Extranet
EDI
CIM
MRP
CALS
MRPⅡ
Supply chain
integration
Individual
enterprise
integration
Island system
Time
Inter-Enterprise Integration vs.
Intra-Enterprise Integration
Partnership
control system
Inter-enterprise
integration level
Bank
inter-enterprise
interactions
Intra-enterprise
integration level
Local site
control systems
In-house
manufacturing
MPR
logistics
control
Plant
A
Plant
B
Enterprise 1
Retailers
In-house
inventory
control
Plant
X
Enterprise 2
Enterprise Integration: Definition
Enterprise integration is concerned with facilitating information, control,
and material flows across organizational boundaries by connecting all the
necessary functions and heterogeneous functional entities in order to
improve communication, cooperation, and coordination within this
enterprise so that the enterprise behaves as an integrated whole, therefore
enhancing its overall productivity, flexibility, and capacity for
management of change.
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The aims of enterprise integration are:
to enable communication among the various functional entities of the
enterprise
to provide interoperability of IT applications, and
to facilitate coordination of functional entities for executing business
processes
Enterprise Integration Migration Path
Business
Objectives
Enterprise
AS-IS
State
Reference
Models
Evaluation
Criteria
Enterprise
TO-BE
State
Migration Path
Business
Constraints
Modeling
Formalism
Structured
Approach
The Old ERP World
ERP was the Enabler of
Intra-Enterprise Integration
AR
EDI
Customer
Network
Customer
Services
AP
Engineering
Order
Mgmt
Distribution
Planning
Shared
Services
Your Enterprise
Procurement
Production
EDI
Supplier
Network
e-ERP Model
Collaborative
Design
Financial
Institutions
Customers
e-invoice
requirements
confirmation
Portal
e-check
confirmation
3PL
CRM
confirmation
feedback
Fulfillment
delivery
schedule
Financial
Institutions
e-check
Planning
self-service
Business
Process
Outsourcing
requisition
schedules
confirmation
Contract
Manufacturing
e-invoice
Trading
Exchange
e-Business Application Architecture
Enterprise Resource Planning
e-Supply Chain Information Backbone
Source: 鄭正中, Paragon
CRM
Human
Resources
Sales &
Distribution
Logistics
Production
Accounting &
Financials
HRMS/ORMS
Business
Partners,
Suppliers
Employees
e-Supply Chain Management
Customers,
Resellers
Elements of Enterprise Information System
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Advanced planning and scheduling (APS)
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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management of information related to the production processes to
efficiently utilize resources (macro-level process control)
Manufacturing control system (MCS)
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transactional backbone to ensure data integrity and best business
processes
Manufacturing execution system (MES)
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advanced system to provide from supply chain optimization to realtime shop floor control
real-time control of the production processes (micro-level process
control)
Product data management (PDM)
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management of product data information across the enterprise
Functions of Enterprise Information System
APS
Supply Chain
Strategic Planning
Supply Chain
Planning
Supply Chain
Network Planning
Demand planning and
Forecasting
Supply Planning
Inventory Planning
Sales and Operations
Planning
Distribution Planning
Transportation Planning
Shipment Scheduling
Manufacturing
Forecasting
MPS
MRP
CRP
ERP
Finance
Distribution
DRP
Inventory Control
Purchase Control
Transportation
Management
Project Management
Service Management
Warehouse
Management
Quality Assurance
Shop Floor Control
Shop Floor
Operation Scheduling
Product Tracking &
Quality Product Structure,
Genealogy
Dispatching
BOM
Management
Production Unit
Resource Allocation
Configuration
& Status
Maintenance
Management
Document Control
Management
Performance
Process Planning
Analysis
Process Control
MES
Data Collection
Acquisition
Supervisory Control
Manual Process Control
and Data Acquisition
Labor Management
Programmable Logic
Controller
MCS
Distribution Control System
Human Machine Interface
PDM
Engineering
Change
CAD / CAM
Interactions between ERP/APS and MES
ERP/APS
Costing
Product Definition
Process Definition
Human Resources
Standard Operation Procedure
Inventory Management
Purchasing
Distribution
Production Planning
Forecasting
Shop Floor Operation Scheduling
Shop Floor Schedule
Product Demand
BOM / Recipe / Formula / Drawing
Resource
Routing / Process
Labor Characteristics
Inventory Status
SOP, HEALTH, WORK Instructions
Order Status / Completions
Resource Status / Usage
Labor Status Usage
Material Status / Usage
Actual BOM / Recipe
Actual Routing / Process
Product Traceability
Scrap / Waste
MES
Resource Allocation
Production Dispatching
Document Control
Data Collection / Acquisition
Labor Management
WIP Status / Traceability
Product Tracking
Quality Management
Performance Analysis
Process Management
Maintenance Management
Enterprise Resource Planning
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Enterprise transactional backbone to ensure
data integrity and best business processes
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Using a single database streamlines the flow
of information through a business
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Four main (M) functions:
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Money (financial)
Man (human resources)
Manufacturing (production and logistics)
Marketing (sales and distribution)
Need for an Integrated Database
Functions
Objects / Outputs = Products
P1 P2 ．．． Pn-1 Pn
Sales / Marking
Primary
requirements
Production
Demand for
outsourced
parts
Reference
units
Engineering
Purchasing
Order for
outsourced
parts
．．．
Customer
order
Accounts payable
Accounts receivable
Invoices
．．．
Production controlling
Sales / Marketing
information system
Process : Order processing Function-oriented
data islands
Integrated
database
Enterprise Resource Planning
Managers and
stakeholders
Reporting
applications
Customers
Sales force
and customer
service reps
Financial
applications
Sales and
delivery
applications
Central
Database
Service
application
Human
resource
management
applications
Employees
Back-office
Manufacturing administrators
applications and workers
Inventory
and supply
applications
Suppliers
Features of ERP Compared to MRPII
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Focus on external supply chain
Client/server architecture (3 levels)
Relationship database and SQL
Graphic user interface
Multiple database support
Front-end systems for decision support
Automated EDI
Interoperability with multiple platforms
Standard application programming
interfaces
Client/Server: Scalability
Presentation
...
Application
Scalability
Database
...
ERP Market Size in 2000-2005
Year
Market Size(Million)
2000
33,619
2001
29,463
2002
30,203
2003
31,917
2004
34,157
2005
37,051
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10
Global ERP Information Service in 2000-2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Software support
2,860
3,267
3,653
4,153
4,667
5,172
Consulting
4,154
3,648
3,816
4,071
4,255
4,602
Training
814
684
707
744
832
823
Development &
Integration
15,946
13,827
14,556
15,624
16,585
18,122
Outsourcing
Management
2,346
2,539
2,631
2,871
3,322
3,700
Total
26,120
23,965
25,363
27,464
29,661
32,419
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10 (in million)
Global ERP Information Service Market
Growth Rate in 2000-2005
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
01-05
CAGR
Software support
14%
12%
14%
12%
11%
12.17%
Consulting
-12%
5%
7%
5%
8%
5.98%
Training
-16%
3%
5%
12%
-1%
4.74%
Development &
Integration
-13%
5%
7%
6%
9%
7.00%
Outsourcing
Management
8%
4%
9%
16%
11%
9.87%
Total
-8%
6%
8%
8%
9%
7.85%
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10
Global ERP Information Service Regional
Market Growth Rate in 2000-2005
Total
4.42%
Eastern Europe
5.51%
Japan
9.74%
Rest of the world
0.3%
Pacific Asia
9.58%
Western Europe
4.29%
Northern America
3.43%
Latin America
4.97%
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10
Global ERP Software Market
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Manufacturing
Management
3,192
2,147
1,931
1,757
1,774
1,824
Personnel
Management
1,148
1,033
962
893
902
923
Financial
Management
3,159
2,318
1,947
1,803
1,820
1,885
Total
7,499
5,498
4,840
4,453
4,496
4,632
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10 (in million)
台灣ERP市場發展
應用軟體
應用範圍
系統架構
管理重點
生產模式
市場特性
MRP
部門
大型主機
成本
少樣大量
大眾市場
MRPII
工廠
迷你電腦
品質
多樣少量
區隔市場
ERP
企業
主從架構
速度
多樣大量
利基市場
EERP
供應鏈
網路運算
協同規劃
大量客製
1對1行銷
2000-2003年台灣ERP市場規模分析
單位：新台幣十億元
1997
2.13
1998
4.68
1999
6.13
2000
7.72
2001
9.88
2002
12.65
2003
16.19
2000年台灣ERP市場營收項目分析
硬體
9%
軟體授權
31%
教育訓練
7%
維護支援
8%
顧問服務
45%
2000年台灣1000大製造業ERP導入分析
暫時不考慮
24%
兩年內導入
13%
一年內導入
17%
已導入
46%
2000年台灣中小企業ERP需求分析
不需要
50.2%
已導入
11.6%
計劃導入
38.2%
(26% 外商，74%
本土業者)
SAP R/3 System
SD
Sales&
Distribution
FI
Financial
Accounting
MM
Materials
Mgmt.
PP
Production
Planning
CO
Controlling
IM
Investment
Mgmt.
R/3
Client/Server
ABAP/4
QM
Quality
Management
PM
Plant
Mainten.
HR
Human
Resources
PS
Project
System
WF
Workflow
IS
Industry
Solutions
Oracle ERP System
Planning
Distribution
Finance
• Oracle Supply Chain
Planning
• Oracle Rythmn
• Oracle Master Scheduling
• Oracle MRP
• Oracle Capacity
• Oracle Order Entry
• Oracle Product Configurator
• Oracle Inventory
• Oracle Receivables
• Oracle Web Customers
• Oracle General Ledger
• Oracle Cash Management
• Oracle Assets
• Oracle Financial Analyzer
• Oracle Project Costing
• Oracle Project Billing
• Oracle Prs’l Time &
Expense
Front Office
Procurement
•
•
•
•
Oracle Purchasing
Oracle Payables
Oracle Supplier Scheduling
Oracle Web Suppliers
• Oracle Sales & Marketing
• Oracle Service
• Oracle Apps. Data
Warehouse
• Oracle Sales Compensation
Manufacturing
Electronic Commerce
•
•
•
•
•
• Oracle EDI Gateway
• Oracle Alert
• Oracle Workflow
• Oracle Interoffice
Oracle Engineering
Oracle Bills of Material
Oracle Work in Process
Oracle Cost Management
Oracle Quality
Human Resources
• Oracle Human Resources
• Oracle Payroll
• Oracle Training Admin.
• Oracle Time Management
• Oracle Web Employees
Process Manufacturing
• Oracle GEMMS
Oracle ERP Solutions
固定資產管理
銷售預測
FCST
主需求排程
MDS
要徑產能
模擬
RCCP
請購作業
主生產排程
MPS
物料需求
計劃
MRP
生產指示
客戶訂單
供應鍵管理
最佳化排程
Discrete
Repetitive
Flow
Project
採購作業
收料作業
成本管理
應付帳款
立帳
統一發票
管理
票據管理
生產發料
生產入庫
生產控制
製程移轉
應收帳款
立帳
細部產能
模擬
CRP
付款作業
出貨作業
收款作業
總
帳
系
統
Generic Functions in an Enterprise
Customer
Orders
Processing
Orders
DB
Sales &
Distribution
Customer
Service
ATP
Available to
Promise
Orders
Delivery
Transportation
Management
Warehousing
Management
Warehousing
DB
Master
Production
Schedule
Demand
Planning
Distribution
Management
Supporting
Logistics
Supplier
EIS /
DSS
Procurement
Materials
Planning
Production
Planing &
Scheduling
Supply
Planning
Parts
DB
Operations
Scheduling
Manufacturing
Execution
WIP
DB
Acc.
DB
Purchase
DB
Inventory
Management
Personnel
DB
Administration
Finance
Control
Production
HR
Development
Product/Process
Development
Quality
Management
Product Data
Management
CAD / CAE /
CAx
Shop Floor
Control
SPC
DB
BOM
DB
Production
Engineering
Equipment
Control
Plant
Maintenance
Facility
DB
Process
Design
Source: 林欽文, “Supply chain management in Taiwan’s mfg,” in 1999 CALS/eBusiness管理與技術研討會
Potential Functions in ERP
Customer
Sales &
Distribution
Orders
Processing
ERP
Customer
Service
ERP
Orders
DB
ATP
ERP
Orders
Delivery
ERP
Supplier
MPR
ERP
Factory
Planning
SCP / MPS
ERP
Warehousing
Management
Warehousing
DB
MES
ERP
Demand
Planning
ERP
Distribution
Management
EIS / DSS
ERP
Procurement
ERP
Supply
Planning
Parts
DB
Operations
Scheduling
Transportation
Management
Supporting
Logistics
WIP
DB
Acc.
DB
Purchase
DB
Inventory
Management
ERP
Personnel
DB
Administration
ERP
FI & CO
ERP
Production
HR
ERP
Product/Process
Development
QM
ERP
PDM
ERP
CAD / CAE /
CAx
Shop Floor
Control
SPC
DB
BOM
DB
Production
Engineering
Equipment
Control
PM
ERP
Facility
DB
Process
Design
Source: 林欽文, “Supply chain management in Taiwan’s mfg,” in 1999 CALS/eBusiness管理與技術研討會
Order Fulfillment Process
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The process is triggered by customer’s order.
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The process is aimed at fulfilling customer’s order to
ensure the long-term success of the organization.
Design of Order Fulfillment Process
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Focus on Time, Cost, Flexibility, and Quality.
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The key design factor is the way production
and purchasing orders are initiated.
Order Fulfillment Process Chart
Demand
management
Other
Sources
Sales Planning
(Forecast)
Customers
Customer
Order
MPS
Capacity
Planning
MRP
Production
Logistics
Inbound
Logistics
Procurement
Vendor
Detailed
Schedule
Receiving
Manufacturing
Order Release
Production
Control
Cost
Management
Account
Payable
Financial &
Accounting
Management
Vender
Payment
Inventory
Storage
Outbound
Logistics
Account
Receivable
Customer
Payment
General
Ledger
Delivery
Human
Resource
Information
Technology
Integrated Logistics
Project
Management
Part I: Outbound Logistics
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Order Management
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Customer Service
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Order entry, order processing, order fulfillment
Customer management, sales support (post-sales service), sales
returns
Sales & Marketing
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Sales planning, forecast, sales & distribution system information,
sales compensation, pricing & discount management.
Order Management for e-Business
Goal: Improve responsiveness & customer service
Configuration
Object-based Mgmt.
Demand
Capture
Architecture
Flexible
Workflow
Order
Management
Inventory
Management
Release
Management
Advanced
Pricing
Global
ATP
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Demand from all sources
Customer self service
Configuration w/ guided selling
Global order promising
Advanced pricing & deals
Integrated fulfillment
Tailorable user interface
Flexible, high volume arch.
Customer Service
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Customer Management
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Define customers, sites and contacts
Maintain customer information
Define credit limits and limits per order
Define customer agreement and
payment
Customer Service
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Sales Support
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Identify service requirement
Create sale and service employee plan
Schedule service
Sales Return
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Determine return materials process
Receive and inspect returns
Credit to customers
Sales and Marketing
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Sale Planning
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Forecast
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Plan sales quantity for groups of products
Evaluate planned sales quantities with data
(sales revenue, rebates, discount)
Plan profitability
Predict future price and demand
Sales and Distribution Information
System

Gather, condense and evaluate data from
sales
Sales & Marketing
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Sales Compensation
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Pricing and Discount
Management
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Create pricing list
Define currency
Change price structure
Define discount program
Part II: Production Logistics
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Production Planning
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Inventory Control
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Engineering, BOM, routing, materials forecast
Quality
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Inventory, WIP, logistics information system, warehouse management
Shop Floor Control
Product & Process Development
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Sales and operations planning, demand management, master planning
(MPS), MRP, capacity planning, scheduling
Planning, inspection, control, certification, notification.
Plant Maintenance
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Preventive maintenance, maintenance order management, service
management
Part III: Inbound Logistics
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Procurement
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Purchasing
Supplier
Scheduling
Receiving
Invoice
Certification
Vender
Management
Part IV: Integrated Logistics
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Human Resources
 Organizational Management, Workforce Planning,
Training & Event Management, Recruitment, Time
Management, Incentive Wages, Payroll, Travel,
Personal Development.
Financial Management
 Investment Management, Cash Management,
Depreciation Simulation, Capital Measures.
Accounting Management
 General Ledger, A/P, A/R, Legal Consolidation,
Asset Management.
Part IV: Integrated Logistics



Cost Management
 Overhead Cost Controlling, Product Cost Controlling,
Profitability analysis.
IT Related Management
 E-commerce (Web employee, Suppliers, Customers),
EDI, Workflow, Business Intelligence System (BIS),
Exception System (alert).
Project Management
 Planning, Budgeting, Execution, Costing, Information
System.
ERP Implementation
Six Phases
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Definition
Operations Analysis
Solution Design
Build
Transition
Production
Objective of Six Phases

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Definition: Determine current and future
business needs.
Analysis: Map business models to
applications.
Design: Define solutions and architecture.
Build: Code and test solutions.
Transition: Train users, convert data,
deploy systems.
Production: Maintain and evaluate system.
11 Processes
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Business Process Architecture
Business Requirements Definition
Business Requirements Mapping
Application & Technical
Architecture
Module Design & Build
Data Conversion
Documentation
Business System testing
Performance Testing
Adoption and Learning
Production Migration
導入方法論: AIM
Application
Implementation
Methodology
Implementation Strategy
導入規劃
電腦化
作業管理
流程改善
Operation Analysis
作業分析
Solution Design
解決方案規劃
作業流程試作
(SOP Walkthrough)
專案小組測試(CRP)
Build
Documentation
解決方案構築
作業文件製作
導入策略
導入專案組織與計劃
Kick-Off Meeting
教育訓練 (Training)
現行作業分析 (OA)
解決方案規劃 (BRM)
應用系統設定 (Config.)
作業流程規劃 (SOP)
客製化範圍的定案
作業文件製作
(Documentation)
客製化作業
Transition
上線準備
正式上線 (Production)
上線後支援 (Post Support)
On-Production
正式上線
相關操作人員訓練 (End User Training)
操作人員操作測試 (End User CRP)
上線資料準備 (Data Preparation)
Roles (38 totally)

Client Executive

Project manager

Client project manager

System Architect

Client staff member

DBA and DBD

IS manager

Network Administrator

System administrator

Developer

Key users and users

Business Analyst
Information Tech Infrastructure
Selection Strategy
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Control: desired control level of corporate
Structure : organizational structure and
how tightly integrated should be
Database : desired structure and how
accessible
Customization: modifications
Best Practice: industry practice
Implementation: Generalized
Industry Application

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Determine the goals and expected
deliverables from project
Scope of project
Budget(20% hardware, 30% software, 10%
education, 30% consulting service, 10%
others)
Scheduling time of implementation
Figuring out the required resource
Implementation: Generalized
Industry Application
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Selecting the team members
Identifying the roles and leadership
Understanding the process
Eliminating the waste
Change management
Hardware and OS installation
Attending System Training
Implementation: Generalized
Industry Application
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Exercising the whole system and testing the users’
understanding
Setting up security and permissions
Real parts specific pilot
Beginning pilot
Entering fixed and variable data
Documenting policies and procedures
Go live
導入成功關鍵因素
(Critical Successful Factor)

Commitment
高階經營管理者的承諾
全責專案經理與專案小組

Participation

Change

Education & Training

Project Planning &
教育訓練之落實
Control
專案之計劃與控管
投入
對“改變”之接受性與認
同
導入過程協助
教育訓練中心
• 產品相關之教育訓練
• 縮短客戶學習時間
In-House
Training
諮詢顧問中心
客戶服務中心
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