Transcript Document 7129602

Multimedia for the Web:
Creating Digital Excitement
Multimedia Element — Video
Chapter Concepts
Discuss the Use of Video on the Web
Discuss the Different Types of Video
Analyze the Factors That Determine
Video Quality
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Chapter Concepts
Examine Digital Video Sources and
Production
Explore Video Editing Software
Discover Digital Video File Formats
and Codecs for the Web
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Introduction
Video images are combined to
convey a desired message just as
words are used to create sentences,
paragraphs, and stories
With desktop tools, users can
manipulate video and create
high-quality images at a fraction
of the cost of professional equipment
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Introduction
Inclusion of video on Web pages
requires broader bandwidth
Video can be exported in a wide
range of Web formats using a
number of different compression
schemes designed to make the file
small for easier online delivery
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Discuss the Use of Video
on the Web
Video is effective because multiple
senses involved; enhances learning
Many companies use video to train
and retrain their employees
Training videos can be quickly
updated as technology changes
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Discuss the Use of Video
on the Web
Video often used in education
because it accommodates different
learning styles
Web sites designed to entertain are
more likely to include video clips
than are other types of sites
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Analog Video
Analog video is generally linear; it
has a beginning, a middle, and an
end and is recorded as a signal
Because videotape is linear, you
must either fast-forward or rewind to
get to the video segment you are
interested in viewing or digitizing
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Analog Video
Videodiscs or laser discs also use
analog technology; however, unlike
videotape, they do provide a random
access feature
Before analog video can be used in a
multimedia Web site, it must be
converted to a digital format
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Analog Video
Video capture cards are used to
convert analog video to a digital
format
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Analog Video
Analog formats include the following:
– VHS: Most common video format found
– S-VHS is a higher quality format than
VHS, but slightly lower quality than Hi-8
– Hi-8 is the highest quality analog video
format found in the consumer market
– Betacam SP is a high-quality, analog
video format used in professional video
editing
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Digital Video
Video that is already in digital format
DV standard: International standard
created by a consortium of 10
companies for storing digital video
DV cameras use a tape that stores
the video and sound in a digital format
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Digital Video
Digital formats include the following:
– D1: Not suitable for video
– D2, D3: Format used for professional
video editors and television studios
– DV: Sony’s digital video recording format
that has been set as the standard by the
major producers of digital video camera
technologies
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Digital Video
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), also
called Digital Video Disc can be used
to store digital video
Tremendous storage capacity ranging
from 4.7 GB to 17 GB
Can store up to 4 hours of digital video
Quality of video on DVD is clear and
sharp
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Guidelines for Using Video
on the Web
Use video when and where it is
appropriate
Keep your audience and delivery
method in mind when designing video
for a Web page
Sound and Video clips should match
or complement one another
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Guidelines for Using Video
on the Web
Keep video files at an appropriate
size so they can be played on
standard equipment to reach a wider
audience
Use high-quality video footage that
lends credibility and a professional
feel to Web site
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Guidelines for Using Video
on the Web
Use different characters to add interest
Set up your video files to go with the
graphic, animation, sound elements
Do not overuse transitions
Trim footage inconsistent with purpose
Properly place and time video clips to
create consistency
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Frame Rate
Source frame rate: Speed at which
the video is recorded
Playback frame rate: Speed at which
individual frames display
Video is a sequence of individual
images or frames displayed fast
enough to create the illusion of motion
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Frame Rate
For smooth and consistent playback,
source frame rate and playback frame
rate should be identical; generally,
somewhere between 15 to 30 frames
per second (fps)
Frames displayed at a slower rate
appear choppy
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Resolution
Factors that determine the resolution
of video include:
– Aspect ratio: Ratio of width to height in
the dimensions of a frame
– The frame size for playing video is
expressed in horizontal and vertical pixel
dimensions such as 800 by 600 pixels
– Bit depth: Number of bits used to
describe the color of a single pixel
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Resolution
The higher the resolution, the larger
the size of the file
In addition to frame rate and
resolution, bandwidth, processor
speed, memory, and monitor size are
important considerations for Webbased video delivery
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Examine Digital Video
Sources and Production
Video Sources
– Stock video footage from a third party,
such as a freelance videographer or
stock videography company
– After you find the stock video footage or
clip video for your project, be sure to
carefully check the applicable licensing
agreements
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Pre-Production
Involves visualizing and sketching
each scene on a storyboard
Scripts serve as the story that will be
told with the video camera
A flowchart specifies where video will
be included based on choices
selected by the user
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Production
Video footage is acquired, recorded,
and digitized if the original video
footage is not already in a digital form
Import the clips into video editing
program
Specify settings: frame size, output file
type, compression format, resolution
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Post-Production
Process video after it is captured
In most video editing programs,
several different tracks are used to
store video information
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Post-Production
Timecode track used to synchronize
all of the components
Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers (SMPTE)
measures video in hours, minutes,
seconds, and frames
Video on the Web can either be
downloaded or streamed
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Post-Production
After video has been successfully
recorded, digitized, and processed it
is ready to be incorporated into a
Web site
If you plan to stream the video from
the server, you will need to post your
Web site with a Web hosting
company that supports streaming
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Explore Video Editing
Software
Web designers and developers can
use video editing tools to digitize
motion graphics and put messages
and stories on the Web
Adobe, Avid, and Apple are three wellknown companies offering
mid-range and high-end desktop
video editing packages
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Adobe Premiere
Award-winning software solutions for
editing and compositing video for Web
Adobe Premiere: affordable, highly
rated, non-linear, video-editing program
Premiere based on open architecture;
designed to be compatible with
numerous software programs,
extensions, and file formats
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Adobe After Effects
Compositing software program full of
tools that can help create special
effects for Adobe Premiere projects
Adobe After Effects can combine an
unlimited number of layers from files
imported from a variety of other
graphics and animation programs
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Apple Quick Time Pro
Software-based, video-editing system
Provides a comprehensive, flexible,
integrated set of media services to
creators/developers working with video
Work with a variety of different audio,
video, and image formats
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iMovie
Video-editing package
Using familiar drag and drop, copy,
cut, and paste functions, use iMovie
to trim unwanted footage and to
arrange video clips in any sequence
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Apple Final Cut Pro
Feature-rich, non-linear, video-editing
application by Apple
Can take full advantage of extensive
text features and create innovative,
professional quality, fully animated
titles
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Avid
Premier provider of digital tools for
film, video, audio, and broadcast
Avid offers a number of creative tools
that enable designers and developers
from around the world to share stories
through video
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Avid Xpress
Avid Xpress: Complete video-editing
system with a full set of highperformance built-in features for:
– editing video
– managing audio
– creating real-time effects and titles
– adding graphics
– compositing
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Avid Xpress
Avid Media Composer family is the
worldwide standard for editing video,
primarily for television and film, but
also for the Web
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Windows Movie Maker
Windows Movie Maker can be
downloaded for free from Microsoft
This video editing program is easy to
use, yet provides many powerful
capabilities that enable you to capture
and edit video footage
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Discover Digital File Formats
and Codecs for the Web
ASF (Advanced Streaming Format)
– Stores audio and video information;
specially designed to run on networks
– Content is delivered to you as
continuous flow of data; you experience
little wait time before playback begins
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Discover Digital File Formats
and Codecs for the Web
AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
– Resource Interchange File Format
(RIFF) file; Microsoft standard
– Other players, including QuickTime, will
also play .avi files, making this format
acceptable for delivering Web video
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Discover Digital File Formats
and Codecs for the Web
MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group)
– Developed to provide a format for
delivering digital media to consumers
– MPEG-4 is the global multimedia
standard, delivering professional-quality
audio and video streams over a wide
range of bandwidths, from cell phone to
broadband and beyond
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Discover Digital File Formats
and Codecs for the Web
MOV (QuickTime)
– Developed by Apple, is among the most
convenient and powerful formats for
storing common digital media types
– Works on any computing platform; good
option for distributing video on the Web
– Requires a plug-in or player
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Discover Digital File Formats
and Codecs for the Web
RM (RealMedia)
– Leader in streaming media technologies
– Requires a plug-in or player to be heard
WMV (Windows Media File with Audio
and/or Video)
– Proprietary to the Windows operating
system; used by Windows MovieMaker
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Discover Digital File Formats
and Codecs for the Web
Digital video files are huge
Data Transfer Rate (dtr): The time it
takes for the video to be transferred
from the processor and displayed on
the monitor
Codecs: Compression/decompression
algorithms used to compress data
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Codecs
Animation codec: Developed to
compress and play QuickTime
animated movies
Apple Cinepak: Compression scheme
that works well for CD-ROM video
delivery, acceptable for Web delivery
as well because it is cross-platform
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Codecs
Indeo: Intel’s compression scheme
MPEG looks for changes in the image
from frame to frame
Sorenson codec: Useful for
compressing 24-bit video intended for
CD or the Web
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Codecs
DVI (digital video interleave): Intel’s
proprietary compression technology
On the Web, video will most often be
displayed using one of three players:
– Windows Media Player
– QuickTime Player
– RealPlayer
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Summary
Discuss the Use of Video
on the Web
Analog Video
Digital Video
Frame Rate
Resolution
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Summary
Video Sources
Pre-Production
Production
Post-Production
Explore Video Editing Software
Discover Digital File Formats and
Codecs for the Web
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