Transcript  Location: Central Europe  Neighbouring Countries: 7 – Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Kaliningrad Oblast  Seas: Baltic Sea  Area: 312,679

 Location: Central Europe
 Neighbouring Countries: 7 – Germany, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus,
Lithuania, Kaliningrad Oblast
 Seas: Baltic Sea
 Area: 312,679 km²
 Topography: plains, grasslands,
highlands, mountain ranges
OVER 1000 YEARS
1791 1795
1788-92
1807
1815
1773
1901
1920
1926
1772-1795
1683
1914 -1918
1939-1945
1569
1466
1948
1410
1952
1364
1981
1989
1025
966
2004
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Rudolf Gundlach
In 1934 he created a reversible periscope, which
involved a 360˚ view without changing position. That
invention is still used and was patented in France,
Great Britain and Sweden. The periscope’s plans were
stolen by Germans and Russians.
Jan Szczepanik
He patented a device for photoelectric sound
recording on a film tape. The development of film was
possible thanks to him.
Alojzy Świętosławski
In 1935 he created an extra sensitive thermometer
called Świętosławski ebulliometer which can be used
for extremely accurate measurements of boiling
temperature.
Stefan Feliks Manczarski
He was one of the first television originators
around the world. In 1929 he created the
first Polish telly.
Polish scientists were responsible for the following breakthroughs in
science:
STEFAN BANACH (1892-1945)
mathematician, creator of functional
analysis who set up a School in Lvov which
paved the way for Polish mathematics to
earn top world ranking
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KAROL OLSZEWSKI – chemist, professor
at Jagiellonian University whose efforts in
1833 together with physicist ZYGMUNT
WRÓBLEWSKI led to the condensation of
oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from
air
JAN CZOCHRALSKI (1885-1953)–
elaborated the production method of
monocrystals used for manufacturing of
semi-conductors
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If you aren’t sure....
Maria Skłodowska Curie (Physics)
Henryk Sienkiewicz (Literature)
1903
1905
Sienkiewicz received his Nobel Prize for „Quo vadis”.
Maria Skłodowska Curie (Chemistry)
Władysław Reymont (Literature)
1911
1924
He got his Nobel Prize for the novel entitled
„Chłopi”
Czesław Miłosz (Literature)
1980
He was awarded a Nobel for his
contribution to literary output.
Lech Wałęsa (Politics) 1983
Wisława Szymborska (Literature)
1996
She was granted the Nobel Prize for her
contribution to literary heritage.
John Paul the Second - was one of the greatest
Popes. The Pope - traveller, eternal defender of human
rights and important values
Lech Wałęsa- is a well-known former Polish
politician. As a leader of Solidarity he was
awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 1983. His
activity helped change the political situation in
Poland and Europe. He was elected the President
of the Republic of Poland after communist
government rule in Poland.
Polish chemistry, physics and mathematics can boast the highest number
of scientific publications in all fields of sciencs, taking 19th place on the
ranking list of the Scientific Information Institute in Philadelphia;
Physics
Mathematics
History
Chemisty
 the discovery of the practical
implementation of the blue laser
by the team led by Prof.
Sylwester Porowski from PAN (to
detect cancer cells, control
rockets or monitor contamination)
 the design of the technology for
the manufacture of the smallest
synthetic diamonds in the world
 designing nano-crystals for the
purposes of 3G mobile telephony
systems
 the discovery of a substance
which induces cancer cells to
self-destruct
and
vaccines
against Heine-Medina and typhus
 implanting novatory valvules in the heart
by a group of cardio-surgeons, led by
Prof. Jerzy Sadowski from the Hospital
named after Pope John Paul II in
Cracow,
 constructing an artificial heart,
 producing Polish insulin,
 elaborating the test to check for the
presence of the CHEK2 gene for
detecting predispositions to cancer,
 designing unique scald bandages,
 making the first European cardiosurgical
robot Robin Heart.
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Bohdan Paczyński – renowned for searching dark matter in the
Universe
PAN Space Research Centre specialising in designing instruments
and devices e.g., spectro-photo-metres for 2008 Interplanetary
Mission Beppi Colombo – unmanned space craft to probe Mercury,
Mars, Tytan.
 Henryk Arctowski - one of the most
outstanding researchers of the polar
area; traveller and geophysicist who
explored Antarctica and Spitsbergen.
The first Polish stationary polar station
set up in 1977 was named after
ARCTOWSKI
Thanks to it, Poland became the 13th
Member of the Antarctic System.
Nowadays it belongs to the club of 28
countries and is representated at
international conferences. In the
summer of 2003/04 the Polish Polar
Station was visited by about 3 thousand
tourists from around the world.
 POLISH ARCHEOLOGISTS in the
Mediterranean area (Egypt, Crimea, the
Middle- Near East) - for example- the
Hatshepsut Temple excavated by Polish
archeologists in Egypt.
 Rudolf Modrzejewski – a designer of bridges in the USA, e.g. the
Benjamin Franklin Bridge in Philadelphia and a bridge over the river
Missisipi;
 Gabriel Narutowicz – the first president of independent Poland but also
a well-known engineer who built many hydro-electric power stations in
Switzerland during emigration;
 Władysław Tryliński- in 1929 Trylinski with Wladyslaw Bryla built, the
first in Europe, welded bridge across Słudwia river (near Łowicz). In
1935 he patented a tough pavement with six-cornered blocks called
“trylinka’. Wladyslaw Trylinski patented also reinforced concrete base
railway (used around the world).
 Lucjan Lągiewka – Polish inventor, designer of many technical devices
such as dynamic brake and bumper.
Witold Lutosławski (1913- 1994)
avant-garde composer but it was
his mournful music that made the
biggest impression on audiences,
Krzysztof Penderecki (1933)
the most versatile composer,
author of Credo whose operas
are performed on the stages
all over the world e.g.”Raj
utracony, Czarna Maska and
Król Ubu”
Tadeusz Kantor – avant-garde
artist hailed the importer of
novelties from West”, an
inventor of new techniques in
painting, sculpture, graphics,
theatre, happening.
Henryk M. Górecki (1933)
–
his
III
Symphony
became an international
bestseller in Baden-Baden
1976 , making him one of
the best contemporary
composers.
Magdalena Abakanowicz – creator
of a new form of spatial tapestry.
Gained international fame after
receiving an award at Sao Paulo
Biennale 1965.
Andrzej Wajda is a known throughout the world Polish director. In
his movies he shows fates of people in important historic moments .
He received many prestigious awards such as: Gold Bear at the
Berlin Festival; Golden Palm at Festival in Cannes for the motion
picture entitled: Iron Man “Człowiek z Zelaza”. He was nominated
for the Oscar for the film about Katyn. In 2000 he was awarded
Oscar for lifetime achievements.
Zbigniew Rybczyński 1983 for the best
cartoon film
Janusz Kamiński –
1993 and 1998 for
shooting the films:
”Schindler’s List”
and ”Saving
Private Ryan”.
Allan Starski and Ewa Brown
- for the screenplay of
Schindler’s List”
Jan A.P. Kaczmarek –
2005 for composing
music to the film
”Finding Neverland”
Roman Polański 2003 for
directing the
film” The Pianist”
Robert Kubica - he is the firsst
Polish racing driver to compete
in Formula One.
Adam Małysz – he is the
best Polish ski jumper
and the only ski jumper
ever to win the World
Cup 3 times in a row.
Justyna Kowalczyk –Polish
ski-runner who won 3 gold medals
in the World Championships in Liberc
Mariusz Czerkawski - he is a Polish hockey player, playing
in famous foreign clubs. What ‘s curious, he has gained (for
unknown reasons) the nickname: Polish Prince.
 Polish IT specialists
are much sought
after abroad.
 Well-qualified
managerial staff in
Poland
 Talented Youth
 Resourceful
entrepreneurs
 Effective
manufacturers
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
Poland distinguishes itself in terms of ICT graduates who are winning in
the prestigious Top Coder ranking and also achieving high positions in
the worldwide
Polish Students
the best at ICT
in the world!
For the last 12 years pupils of
junior highschools have been
winning
gold
medals
at
International Computer
Science Contests.
In 2006 Filip Wolski became the
world champion in computer
studies in Mexico.
In 2007 Tomasz Kulczyński
repeated his success in Croatia.
A year later Marcin Kościelnicki
took third place in the world
contest in Egypt.
 In April 2005 Cracow University of Economics graduates won an
international management contest – EUROMANAGER in Lisbon.
Lifetech –life saving system is an invention made a year later by students
from University of Technology in Poznań. They beat 250 teams and proved to
be the best in the world. The highest note was given to them by jury of
Computer Society in charge of International Design Competition in
Washington.
In 2008 students of computer science in Warsaw University won
9th edition of Global Managament Challenge.
Google Code Jam Competition and the IBM Linux Scholars Challenge.
Over 300 Polish IT engineers are employed in Silicon Valley, California.
Jarek Nadrzycki
Leopold Hess
19 year-old student of High School in
Bielsko-Biała won theInternational
Competition of Philosophy in Seul.
Leopold is also a laureate of the
central contest in Polish, Latin and
philosophy. He has learnt six other
languages but this outstanding
student can find spare time for a
friend or for practising sports.
Tomasz Czajka
He is an exceptionally gifted
computer scientist. Tomasz is
20 odd year old student of
Warsaw
University.
In
December 2003 he won an
important contest in the USA.
Then, it turned out that he is
the fastest person in writing
computer programs. Since then
large companies have been
sending him propositions to
work with them.
This 18 year-old boy from Żagań
won the highest trophy in
International Violin Contest Max
Rostal in Berlin in 2002. Pole was
the youngest participant of the
contest and as he proved – the
best. The commission didn’t
announce the first and third
places. Jarek who played I Violin
Concert of Dymitr Szostakowicz
took the second place.
Jan Mela
He is the youngest and the only
disabled who reached North Pole
on 24th April 2004 at the age of
15. When he was 13 years old, he
lost his leg and arm as a result of
electric current paralysis. Marek
Kamiński, Wojciech Ostrowski and
Wojciech Moskal are famous polar
explorers. They accompanied him
on his 120 kilometer- expedition by
ice gaps, in 30˚ frost. The trip
lasted 10 days.
Maciej Hermanowicz
He is an unusually talented teenager. He would like to
be a scientist. When he was 3 years old, he could
already read. Two years later Maciej was learning
English and playing the piano. Now he knows French,
German and he has already learnt Italian. Besides,
Maciej writes poems and wins a lot of contests in this
field. In February 2004 he worked on analyzing the
photos of Mars in the NASA laboratory in Pasadena.
You
can
follow
in
their
footsteps
Kasia Sobolewska
The student of High
School in Bolesławiec
reads 35 500 words per
minute with 95% text
understanding. Her
achievement is inscribed
in The Guinness Book of
World Records.
Jan Bielecki
The winner of the 15th
International
Chopin Music
Competition
Ten year-old Jan Bielecki from Łodz won the
Europe Cup in figure skating. Young master
has already taken part in ten competitions in
Poland and Europe. Jan has won a gold medal
eight times and a silver medal twice.
Poland’s "aviation valley” is famous for its aviation industry and pilot training
centres. It draws its knowledge from a hundred years of aviation traditions and 70
years of Polish experience in aviation.
Manufacturing companies in Poland produce:
 light sports, passenger, agricultural and training aircrafts,
 helicopters,
 gliders,
 aircraft parts and accessories.
 In general, there are more than 60 aviation companies operating in Poland which
employ a total of 18 thousand people. The aircraft are exported, mainly to: the
USA, Venezuela, Italy, Greece, Canada, Spain, Germany, South Korea, Indonesia,
Vietnam and Iraq.
PZL Mielec
One of them is
( Manufacturer of light transport and specialpurpose airplanes, agro and fire-fighting and
trainer aircraft, supplier of
aerostructures and aircraft components for international industrial cooperation
programs).
Poland - centre of automotive sector suppliers
 Poland is also a leading manufacturer of
components such as:
 tyres,
 car seats and upholstery,
 car electronics,
 electric cables,
 Engines are slowly becoming “Polish
specialty”.
 car brake's systems.
 Components manufactured in Poland are
installed in cars of many brands, such as:
Mercedes, Nissan, Opel, Porsche, Toyota,
Volkswagen, Isuzu, Fiat, Citroen, Honda,
Peugot,
Volvo,
BMW,
Rolls-Royce,
Lamborghini and Ferrari.
 Our boast: cars Gepard and
Leopard produced in Mielec
Amica - the largest Polish producer
of domestic appliances sells around
40% of its production to 40 foreign
markets.
Another Polish producer, Zelmer is the largest
domestic manufacturer of home appliances and a
significant international player on the vacuum cleaners
market. The company sells half of its production on the
foreign markets.
Polish boat builders have specialized in small and medium
sized yachts of up to 7.5 metres in length.
The so called ‘Big Five’ of the Polish boatyards, which
include Balt Yacht, Delphia Yachts, Galeon, Ostróda
Yachts and Ślepsk, export nearly 100% of their
production.
Polish
producers
of
juices
and
confectionery also conquer new markets.
The Group Maspex Wadowice is one of
the largest food processing companies in
Poland
Polish confectionery brand names such as
Wedel, Solidarność, Jutrzenka or Odra
have been present abroad for many years.
POLISH BREWERIES
After the EU accession Polish breweries also commenced
an exporting offensive. In terms of beer exports, 2004
was a record year - 400 thousand hectoliters. One can buy
Okocim and Żywiec in Chicago (present on the American
market for 40 years), or purchase Carlsberg brewed in
Brzesko in London. Brok is sold in Hungarian supermarkets
and Żywiec exported its beer to the USA, Canada, Great
Britain and also to other countries, whereas Okocim sent
its beer to Great Britain, Slovakia and Hungary.
Polish health tourism has a proud two-hundred year old history. In 75 places
there are more than 321 health spas offering unique health facilities and
treatments. There is even an underground spa in a former salt mine.
Nałęczów,
Krynica Zdrój,
Augustów,
Kołobrzeg,
Ciechocinek,
Rabka,
Duszniki Zdrój,
Wieliczka.
Source:
Internet - www.paiz.gov.pl
Atlas Polski - Reader’s Digest
Poland came into being in the 10th
century through unification
of Slavic tribes by Duke Mieszko
I. He was the first historical duke
of Poland
The first King of Poland
was Boleslaw I (Boleslaus the
Brave) crowned in 1025.
The outline of Polish
territory was changing
constantly because Poland
had strong and aggressive
neighbours just then with
whom our homeland was
waging wars.
The last King of Poland was
Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski
who abdicated in 1795.
In the same year Poland
disappeared from the European Map
because it was scooped by Russia,
Austria and Prussia.
In 1918 Poland got back her
independence, but as early as
in 1939 it was attacked by the Third
Reich and the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republic.
Between 1945 and 1989 Poland was
under influence of the USSR as a
socialist country. Martial law was
introduced in Poland on 13th
December in 1981. Since 1989
our motherland has been sovereign
country.
In 1999 Poland joined NATO
and in 2004 entered the
European Union
Poland became a democratic
country.
Casimir III the Great was one of the most outstanding lords of Poland
and the last from the Piast dynasty. In 1333 he acceded to the throne of
Poland. He was waging very active foreign policy by developing contacts with
the Teutonic Order, Czech, Hungary and Kievan Rus′. Casimir the Great
strengthened the Polish country, founded 50 cities and walled about 30 of
them. In 1364 he founded the first Polish university and the oldest in
Central Europe – Cracow’s Academy.
Jadwiga of Anjou was the
Queen of Poland from 1384
until her death in 1399. She
was ten years old when she
acceded to the throne of
Poland. At the age of 12 she
married to Grand Duke of
Lithuania – Ladislaus Jogaila
(Jagiello). She was very wellknown for her beauty and
generosity. She gave her
jewellery for renovation
of Cracow Academy, whose
name
was
changed
to
Jagiellonian University.
The Battle of Grunwald (or 1st Battle of Tannenberg) which took place
on 15 July 1410 – on one side between the Kingdom of Poland and the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by the Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło,
- and on the opposite site - the Knights of the Teutonic Order, led by
the Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. It was the decisive engagement
in the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) and an important
battle in Medieval Europe because it prevented further expansion of
the Teutonic Knights.
The Battle of Vienna was held on 12th September 1683 after Vienna had been
besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle broke the advance of
the Ottoman Empire into Europe, and marked beginning of the political hegemony
of
the
Habsburg
dynasty
in
Central
Europe.
The large-scale battle was won by Polish-Austrian-German forces led by King of
Poland John III Sobieski against the Ottoman Empire army commanded by Grand
Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha.
The Battle of Warsaw - sometimes referred to
as the Miracle at the Vistula - was the decisive
battle of the Polish–Soviet War (1918 until the
Treaty of Riga (1921).The battle of Warsaw was
fought from 13 to 25 August 1920.
On August 16, Polish
forces commanded by
Józef
Piłsudski
counterattacked from
the south, forcing the
Russian forces into a
disorganised
withdrawal eastward
and behind the Neman
River. It was an
outstanding event as
it stopped Bolsheviks’
expansion.
A bulletproof vest – It’s a special clothing
which looks like a waist-coat. It protects
from a bullet of revolver, a rifle or shotgun.
It is used by police, army, bodyguards
or common people in countries where law
allows citizens to posses & carry guns. It was
invented by Jan Szczepanik and Kazimierz
Zeglen in 1902.
A periscope – an optical device used to look
over the top of something, especially to see
out o submarine. It was constructed of a long
tube and two mirrors. It is applied
in the army. The inventor of periscope is Jan
Heweliusz.
Cryptologic bomb – an appliance created by
Polish cryptographers: Marian Rejewski,
Jerzy Różtcki and Henryk Zygalski. The
cryptologic bomb was aimed
at cracking the code of German code machine
– Enigma. The phenomenon of this invention
was that Germans said that the code of
Enigma was impossible to break.
Armoured car “wz. 29” – This car was
produced between 1930-1931.
Interestingly, it had two drivers. One of
them was driving when the car went
ahead and
the other one while backed out. It was
good because
it didn’t have to turn back.
Parrafin lamp – made by Ignacy Lukasiewicz
in 1853.
It was an effect of distillation oil. Thanks to
it, oil industry came into being. The paraffin
lamp gave a rise to
an electric lamp which we are still using
nowadays.
MARIA SKŁODOWSKA CURIE was born in
1867. She spent the larger part of her life
in France, where she finished chemical
studies at the Sorbonne University in Paris.
She made a great contribution to European
science thanks to radioactivity research and
the discovery of two new elements: polonium
and radium. She received the Nobel Prize
twice, in 1903 in the field of physics, and in
1911 in the sphere of chemistry. She
remains till today the only woman honored
with this prize twice. We owe her the
evolution of a new science – radioactivity.
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
(February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543)
was the first astronomer to
formulate a scientifically-based
heliocentric cosmology that
displaced the Earth from the center
of the universe. His epochal book,
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
(On the Revolutions of the Celestial
Spheres) is often regarded as the
starting point of modern astronomy
and the defining epiphany that
began the Scientific Revolution.
Mirosław Hermaszewski (born
September 15, 1941), is a retired Polish
Air Force officer. He became the first
(and to this day remains the only) Pole in
space when he flew aboard the Soyuz
30 spacecraft in 1978. During martial
law in Poland Hermaszewski was a
member of the Military Council of
National Salvation, a military quasigovernment. After that he was a
commander of the Fighter Pilots School
in Dęblin. In 1988 he was promoted to
general.
Aleksander Wolszczan - astronomer
and discoverer of the first extra
solar planetary system – candidate
for Nobel prize.
Andrzej Udalski - author of
photometric method aimed at
discovering planets in galaxy
China welcomed the world to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games on
Friday 8th of August with the roll of two thousand drums and
a battering fireworks, smokes and varied lights. There were 91,000
people In the National Stadium, popularly known as the ‘Bird’s Nest’.
It was a wonderful show.
The first success for Poland was achieved by Tomasz Majewski. He
won the gold medal in shot put. Winning handball
and volleyball players also cheered up that day. Sunday 17th was the
lucky day for our sportsmen. It brought four medals! Our quadruple
sculls got a gold medal and four without coxswain received a silver
medal. Moreover, Agnieszka Wieszczek,
the debutant on an Olympic Games, won a brown medal
in wrestling beating Maider Unda from Spain in final. But this was
not the end. Szymon Kołecki became a vice master
in weightlifting. The next day was also satisfying. The gold medal
was awarded to Łukasz Blanik in artistic gymnastics. The Polish
team drew even with France in handball, and the men’s volleyball
team defeated the Russians. Furthermore, Piotr Małachowski won a
silver medal in discus throwing on Tuesday hte 19th It was the
eighth medal for our representation.
On Saturday the 23rd we had an occasion to celebrate the next
and the last two silver medals. The first medal for Maja
Włoszczowska in Cycling Mountain Bike and the second for Aneta
Konieczna i Beata Mikołajczyk in K-2 500m kayak double.
And that’s all. Olympic Games in Beijing were finished by the Polish
representation with three gold, six silver medals and one brown
medal. There were nice surprises but also losses about which it is
better to forget.
2001 - CHURCHES OF PEACE IN JAWOR AND ŚWIDNICA
The Churches of Peace in Jawor and Swidnica were built in the former Silesia in the
mid-17th century, amid the religious strife that followed the Peace of Westphalia.
Constrained by the physical and political conditions, the Churches of Peace bear
testimony to the quest for religious freedom and are a rare expression of Lutheran
ideology in an idiom generally associated with the Catholic Church.
2003 - WOODEN CHURCHES OF SOUTHERN LITTLE POLAND
The wooden churches of southern Little Poland represent outstanding examples of
the different aspects of medieval church-building traditions in Roman Catholic
culture. Built using the horizontal log technique, common in eastern and northern
Europe since the Middle Ages, these churches were sponsored by noble families and
became status symbols. They offered an alternative to the stone structures
erected in urban centres.
2004 - PARK MUŻAKOWSKI
A landscaped park of 559.9 ha astride the Neisse River and the border between
Poland and Germany. Blending seamlessly with the surrounding farmed landscape,
the park pioneered new approaches to landscape design and influenced the
development of landscape architecture in Europe and America. This integrated
landscape extends into the town of Muskau with green passages that formed urban
parks framing areas for development. The town thus became a design component in a
utopian landscape. The site also features a reconstructed castle, bridges and an
arboretum.
2006 - THE CENTENNIAL HALL IN WROCŁAW
The Centennial Hall, a landmark in the history of reinforced concrete architecture,
was erected in 1911-1913 by the architect Max Berg as a multi-purpose recreational
building, situated in the Exhibition Grounds. The 23m-high dome is topped with a
lantern in steel and glass. The Centennial Hall is a pioneering work of modern
engineering and architecture.