Transcript Protista Part I BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson Protozoa Leewenhoek • First observed protozoa in 1675 • animalcules.

Protista
Part I
BIO 2215
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson
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Protozoa
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Leewenhoek
• First observed
protozoa in 1675
• animalcules
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• Amoeba video
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Kingdom Protista
• Protozoa - 64,000 sp
– Animal like
• Unicellular
– Some are colonial
• Motile
• Reproduce
– Sexual
– Asexual
• Nutrition
– Heterotrophic
– Autotrophic
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Origin of Protozoa
• Earth is 4.6 billion years old
• Prokaryotic cells date back over 3.5 billion
years
• 1.5 Billion years ago
– Eukaryotic cells
• Became protozoans
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Movement
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Pseudopodia
Flagella
Cilia
Nonmotile
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Fig. 11.4
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Flagella
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Cilia
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Reproduction
• Sexual
– Male and female gametes
• Asexual
– Binary Fission
– Schizogony
– Sporogony
• Encystment and Excystment
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Binary Fission
Fig. 8.4
• Mitosis
– Division of nucleus
• Cytokinesis
– Division of cytoplasm
8-3
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Schizogony
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Sporogongy
• Like schizogony except occurs after union
of gametes
v
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Encystment and Excystment
• Cyst forms to survive
harsh environment
– Dormant stage
– Resistant covering
– Shuts down metablolism
• Up to 49 years!
– Parasite leaves host
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Phylum Chlorophyta
• Chloroplasts
• Volvox
– Flagella
– Colony
• Movie
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Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate
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Fig. 11.12
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Phylum Retortamonada
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Flagella
Two nuclei
No chloroplasts
No mitochondria
Parasites
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Phylum Retortamonada
Class Diplomonadea
• Giardia lamblia
– Giardiasis
• Backpackers disease
• Beaver fever
• Inhabits intestines of
several animals and
man
• Acquired by drinking
water with cysts
• Cramping and
diarrhea
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Phylum Axostylata
• Axostyle
– Rod along the
longitudinal axis
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Phylum Axostylata
Class Parabasalea
• Trichomonas
vaginalis
• Four flagella
• STD
– Vaginitis
• White discharge and
itching
• Most people a
asymptomatic
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Phylum Axostylata
Class Parabasalea
• Trichonympha
• Symbiont in gut of
termite
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Phylum Euglenozoa
• Flagella
• Pellicle
– Stiff cell membrane
– Allows the cell to
change shape
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Phylum Euglenozoa
Class Euglenoidea
• Euglena
– Chloroplasts
• photosynthesis
• Movie
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Euglena
Fig. 11.14
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Phylum Euglenozoa
Class Trypanosomatidea
• Trypanosoma
– Parasites in the blood
– Chagas disease
• Central and South
America
– Sleeping sickness
• Africa
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Chagas Disease
• 16-18 million persons infected in
Central & South America
• Transmission by infected Kissing Bugs
& blood transfusions
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Kissing Bugs hide in cracks in
walls of houses during the day.
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Feed at night
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Feeding bugs defecate & feces including
Trypanosomes are rubbed into bite or mucous
membranes
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Trypanosomes invade blood
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Acute stage seen mainly in
children includes local
inflammation at site of invasion
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Chronic Chagas disease
develops10-20 years later
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Enlargement of the spleen and liver
Irreversible damage to heart & colon
There is no effective treatment
Death due to heart failure is most
common.
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Effects on heart
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Effects on colon
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Screening by Xenodiagnosis
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African Sleeping Sickness
• Parasite - Trypanosoma
• Chronic disease lasting
years.
• Affecting countries of
western & central Africa.
• Vector - Tsetse fly
(Glossina)
• Reservoirs - infected wild
animals and humans
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African Sleeping Sickness
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Tsetse fly
Trypanosome
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Stages of Infection
• Early - fever, weakness, headache, joint
pains.
• Intermediate - anemia, cardiovascular,
endocrine & kidney disorders.
• Late - CNS involvement, indifference to
environment, unpredictable mood
changes, coma and death.
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50-70% of inhabitants of some
villages may be infected.
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End Part I
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