Transcript Kindgdom Protista Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Protist

Kindgdom Protista
Heterotrophic and Autotrophic
Protist
Protists:
 The Kingdom Protist is unique among the six
kingdoms.
 No common bond links all organisms of this
Kingdom
 Most of the organisms are unicellular, while
some group together to form colonies.
 Some are heterotrophic, some are autotrophic
 The main reason that they are
placed into the Protista, is
that they cannot be
satisfactorily place in any
other Kindgom.
Heterotrohic Protist
 Protozoa- generally motile, unicellular,
wall-less heterotrophic protists.
 They are free living predators or
scavengers, ingesting other organisms or
bits of organic matter, or parasites or
mutalistic symbionts.
 There common feature is the
pseudopods (false feet)
Phylum Rhizopoda:
 Use pseudopodia for
movement and feeding.
 Found worldwide in soil,
in salt and fresh water,
and in the bodies of
animals.
 Parasitic and free living.
 Entamoeba histolytica,
can cause serious
disease in the intestines
of humans.
Phylum Zoomastigina:
 Contain whip-like flagella
 They are free living or parasitic
 Termites cannot live w/o a certain zooflagellete
in their intestines producing cellulose digestive
enzymes.
 Trypanosomes, which live in the blood of
vertebrates, cause sleeping sickness- occurs
when a person is bitten by the tsetse fly.
Phylum Sporozoa:
 All sporozoa are parasitic
 Most have complicated life cycles, often
with two different hosts.
 Human malaria is caused by four species
of Plasmodium.
Phylum Cilophora:
 Rows of cilia on their body.
 The cell covering is a hard pellicle.
 A unique feature of all ciliates is the presence
of two nuclei– the macronucleus which controls
the cell’s growth and contains hundreds of
copies of DNA– and the micronucleus which is
used in the process of conjugation when
genetic material between paramecia is
swapped.
 The reproduce by binary fission.
Paramecium
Algea:
 Autotrophic protists
 Most live in water, but some are terrestrial.
 Most live near the surface of the water
producing 30-50% of the earth’s oxygen.
 Algea classified on the basis of conservation
characteristics such as type of cell wall,
flagella, photosynthetic pigments, and the form
in which food is stored.
Phylum Dinoflagellata:
 Unicellular or colonial organisms with two
flagella: one attached centrally and the other at
the rear of the organims.
 Many are colorless and live as heterotrophs
and parasites
 Some produce nerve poisons toxic to
vertebrates
 “Red Tide” is caused by the bloom of red
pigmented dinoflagellates.
RED TIDE:
Phylum Euglenida:
 Most of this group lives in fresh water, being
especially abundant in polluted habitats
 Many contain 2 flagella and contain a hard
pellicle made of protein just under the plasma
membrane
 Many contain a red eye spot, used as a
photoreceptor
 Euglenoids reproduce asexually by dividing
lengthwise into two
 They are autotrophic and heterotrophic
Euglena:
Golden Algae:
 Single cell or colonies of great diversity
and complexity
 Most are freshwater, a few marine
 Some lake dwelling golden algea are
both heterotrophic and autotrophic
Brown algae:
 All are multicellular
 Most live in cool waters off the temperate
and sub polar areas.
 Their algal body is the thallus, a multi
cellular structure that looks like a plant
but has no vascular tissue
 It is attached to the surface of rocks by a
structure called a holdfast.