Transcript Sustainable Buildings - National Energy Foundation

Improving the use of
energy in buildings
Building Sustainability
Dr Kerry J Mashford, Chief Executive,
National Energy Foundation
Why sustainable buildings- who benefits?
• Business
• Climate
• Society
• Individuals
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
The Performance Gap
- in theory, theory and practice are the
same; in practice they aren’t!
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Buildings often don’t perform as expected –
Source : Bill Bordass based on data from Better Buildings Partnership
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
The scale of the problem
• Probe 1995 -2002
• exemplar buildings post occupancy –
actual twice as much as design
(http://www.cibse.org/index.cfm?go=page.view&item=2481#Probe 1)
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
The scale of the problem
• Carbon Trust studies – (Low Carbon
Buildings Accelerator and Low
Carbon Buildings Programme)
• Indicate actual energy use up to
5 times higher than specified
http://www.carbontrust.com/media/81389/ctv038-low-carbon-refurbishment-of-buildings-management-guide.pdf
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Innovate UK– Building Performance
Evaluation Programme
2010 - 2014
• Over 100 new build projects + 3 refurb
• 49 non-domestic studies, 56 buildings
• 366 dwellings (developments 3989 dwellings)
• Completion and early occupation / in-use
• Energy use typically 2.5- 4.5 times predicted
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Domestic energy performance gap
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Non-domestic energy performance
Performance degradation over time
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
What if house
builders were held
to account for the
performance of the
homes they build?
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
How does the performance gap arise?
Expected
energy use
Save costs, energy
and carbon Improve comfort
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Building Performance Evaluation measuring and verifying performance
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Emerging themes – courtesy Innovate UK
• Non-standard hours & unregulated loads (TM22)
• Commissioning – not a single building fully commissioned
• Sub-meters & reconciliation – not functioning or understood
• BMS – training, complexity, functionality, commissioning
• Controls – complexity, operating instructions and labelling
• Lighting – too much, zoning deficiencies and lack of control
• Fabric performance – specification and construction
• HVAC – integration and control of multiple systems
• Renewables – installation, operation and maintenance
• Energy strategy not properly implemented
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
How does the performance gap arise?
Successful execution of each stage
of building delivery depends on
decisions made at earlier stages –
we need a whole systems approach
So, how can it
be solved?
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Assured Performance Process – to
remove/mitigate performance risks
Core Aim
Planning Policy
Building
Regulations
Planning Stage Requirement
Evidence Required
Guidance on Issue
Named individual from developer
The sustainability champion is expected
appointed as 'sustainability champion'
Confirmation of who the sustainability
to be the main point of contact with
n/a
n/a
responsible for delivering verified 'aschampion is and of their standing within
W&B regarding compliance with W&B
built' performance and demonstrating
the developer
Housing Performance Verification Policy
Building
this
to
Whitehill
and
Bordon
Core Aim
Design Stage Requirement
Evidence Required
Guidance on Issue
Planning Policy
Regulations
Ensuring awareness of the expected
energy performance of the homes to all
Named individual from developer
Chosen target housing performance
involved in their development and
To ensure that there is someone in the
The sustainability champion is expect
appointed
as 'sustainability champion'
Ongoing confirmation
of who
To ensure it is clear to all stakeholders
indicators for every plot (minimum
of:
delivery will
help the
to prioritise as-built
project team who is accountable for the
to be the main point of contact with
1
n/a
n/a
responsible
for
delivering
verified
'assustainability
champion
is
and
of
their
what performance indicators thefinal energy performance of the
regulated energy use, space and water
Copies of planning submissions with
performance as an important part
of the
W&B
regarding compliance with W&B
demonstrating
standing within
the developer
finished homes will be judged on:
heating cost and resultant CO 2built' performance
stated and
performance
indicators shown.
development
process.
completed homes. n/a
Housing Performance Verification Poli
2
n/a
andofBordon
• Regulated energy use
Copies
any marketing information
Ensuing wide public awareness of the
emissions) must be prominentlythis to Whitehill
Building published to show housing performance. performance of the homes in W&B
Ensuring
• Annual space and water heating cost
will awareness of the expected
displayed on all planning stage
Core Aim
Construction Stage Requirement
Evidence Required
Gu
energy of
performance of the homes to a
Planning
Policy literature
Regulations
• Resultant CO 2 emissions
promote the sustainability credentials
information
and published
or
Target housing performance indicators
involved
the town and empower buyers to
choosein their development and
advertising related to the development.
To ensure it is clear to all stakeholders
for every plot (minimum of: regulated
delivery will help to prioritise as-built
homes
In addition to the named individual
from that will be comfortable and have
what performance indicators the
energy use, space and water heating cost Copies of planning
submissions
performance as an important part of t
low running
costs with
developer appointed as 'sustainability
finished homes will be judged on:
and resultant CO2 emissions) must be
stated performance indicators shown.
development process. The 'as-built p
champion'
with
overall
responsible
for
2
n/a
n/a
To ensure that knowledge and • Regulated energy use
is a growing
body of evidence
thatwide public awareness
responsible
fo
prominently displayed on all design
Copies of anyThere
marketing
information
Ensuing
of the
Undertake a review of past experience,
delivering
verified
'as-built'
Confirmation
of
who
the
'sustainability
understanding of 'as-built' performance
Show and
howpublished
past learning has been
been
published
that provides
useful
intent
is accura
• Annual space and water heating cost
stageenergy
information
published to has
show
housing
performance.
performance
of the homes
in W&B
wi
AS-BUILT
verification
of
building
performance
from
published
case
studies
of
existing
To ensure that there is someone in the
performance,
an 'as-built
'as-built performance
gained from recent projects and• Resultant CO2 emissions
into the
stageperformance
informationchampion'
that couldand
be incorporated
thuscredentials
the buildi
literature
or incorporated
advertising related
to planning
the Sampling
promote the sustainability
3
n/a
n/a Measurement
developments
and ensure that the
Notes
Rate
Problems
Soluti
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team
who
is
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the
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des
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early
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performance
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reasonable be
low
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role is to enforce as built performance.
investigation,
in
conjunction
with
stages
of
overall
delivery
to
including
services.
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duties
Show how past learning has been
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sufficient time and seniority to enforce
manager.
incorporated
into the
design
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thermography
or smoke
understand
detailing
risks
in
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has been and
designed
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include detailing around
eachdwelling,
design
daylighting and useful solar gain into
A passive design
strategy report
is
performance.
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gain can provide approximately
feature
known
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main
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areas
required
that
cover
both
site
layout
and
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as
part
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one third
of as
space
well for testing, must be Possib
IN-USE verification ofhouse
building
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such
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4
covered in any way
n/a intermediate stages
type designs and which
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when
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low energy design
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and built
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have into
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energy
perform
by knowledge
existing policy.
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To ensure that
and
There
is
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of evidence
th
very
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quality
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envelope.
level
of
airtightness
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3
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gain vs.measurement
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log sheet of 'Design
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development
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and resultant CO
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ofany
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marketing
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builtinformation
performance is delivered.
stated on all includes
house type
drawings
and
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meter performance o
forspace
each
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type water
based
on
details
• Annual space and water heating cost
published
to show Main
housing
performance.
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Sample
of house
Requires completion of dwelling
marketing in relation
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present
in eachtypes.
type
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appliances.
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as year. Possible liaison with
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approach
airtightness testing.
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energy usehow eachEssential
measurement required for comparison to Heater meter across boiler
main
There is
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understanding of 'as-built' performance
Check that known 'construction underCompleted
plot specific
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gain
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research programmes informs design
design stage have been
constructed
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that cover both site layout and of DHW energy content.
To ensure that there is someone in the
project team who is accountable for the
1
final energy performance of the
completed homes.
Human factors
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Sustainability and Occupants
• Productivity in offices, learning and concentration,
recovery rates in hospitals, dwell time in retail etc.
can all be impacted by:
• inherently ‘good’ environments and
• good interfaces between the buildings and occupants
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Early work – late 1990s
• Contributors to wellbeing
• Feel - Thermal comfort, physical touch points
• Sight - Lighting levels, natural light, views
• Sound – Acoustics, noise
• Smell, taste - Air quality, drafts
• Perception – control, tolerance,
safety, community
• Plants, water
• Colour schemes
• Proportions, layout
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Metrics
• Indicators
• Absenteeism
• Staff turnover
• Feelings of comfort
• Reported stress levels
• Recovery rates
• Medication levels
• Pride
• Self-worth
• Concentration and learning
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
BPE programme
• Building Use Surveys
• Walkthrough inspections
• Occupant interviews
• Review of manuals and guidance
• Fully automated systems lead to frustration
• Often don’t work as expected
• Difficult to adjust
• Susceptible to failure and its consequences
• Finely balanced / optimised – little forgiveness
• Local manual control preferred
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Emerging themes 1– courtesy Innovate UK
• BMS –complexity; functionality;
commissioning; training
• Controls – complexity; operating
instructions; labelling
• HVAC – integration and control
of multiple systems
• Portable devices
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Emerging themes 2– courtesy Innovate UK
• Lighting – too much; zoning
deficiencies; poor control
• Renewables and MVHR –
installation; operation and
maintenance
• Energy strategy - not properly
implemented, e.g. lead and
secondary heating
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
NEF project experience – occupant behaviour
• Less ‘community spirit’ in affluent neighbourhoods
where residents work long hours
• Energy literacy varies across all sectors of society
• Access to open house examples improves action
• Visual comparators drive home the message
• Frequent(ish) reinforcement helps sustain
• Make it easier to do the right thing than the wrong
thing – e.g. recycling
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Using DECs to support behaviour
• Promotional device, clear
indicator
• Enhanced when combined with
promotional campaign
• Engagement and culture change
• Competitions between buildings
• Live dashboards
• Simple message easily included in
reports and documents
• Clear indication of use and trends
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
The issue for Landlords and Tenants
• No split between Landlord and Tenant
• DEC shows whole building performance,
one DEC.
• Cannot show improvements (or not) in
what each control
• DECs use one benchmark for all offices,
not a good match for many office types
• Many offices are ‘stuck’ at G, cannot
show improvement
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
DECs and occupant behaviour
• DECC study concludes DECs can aid
behavioural change, but
• DECs would benefit from:
• better differentiated benchmark (not
one size fits all offices) and landlords /
tenants can’t see their energy use.
• more granular rating scheme
• VolDEC addresses these issues
http://www.nef.org.uk/service/existingbuildings/energy-management/voldecsvoluntary-display-energy-certificates
Dr Kerry J Mashford, MK50 – Sept 2015
Improving the use of energy in
buildings
[email protected]
www.nef.org.uk