Transcript Unit 3 - Canton Local

Unit 1
Topic: Industrialization and Progressivism (1877-1920)
Ignited by post-Civil War demand and fueled by
technological advancements, large-scale industrialization
began in the United States during the late 1800s.
Growing industries enticed foreign immigration, fostered
urbanization, gave rise to the American labor movement
and developed the infrastructure that facilitated the
settling of the West. A period of progressive reform
emerged in response to political corruption and practices
of big business.
Chapter 1: The Rise of
Corporations
Content Statement: The rise of corporations, heavy
industry, mechanized farming and technological
innovations transformed the American economy from
an agrarian to an increasingly urban industrial society.
Expectations For Learning: Analyze how the rise of
corporations, heavy industry, mechanized farming and
technological innovations transformed the American
economy from an agrarian to an increasingly urban
industrial society.
Section 1: Rise of Corporations
and Heavy Industry
Content Elaboration: Industrialization in the United
States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was
characterized by the rise of corporations and heavy
industry, which transformed the American economy.
It marked a shift from a predominance of agricultural
workers to a predominance of factory workers. It
marked a shift from rural living to urban living, with
more people living in crowded and unsanitary
conditions.
Industrialization
• What do you know about industrialization?
(on your own)
• Share with one or two other people
• As a class, what do we know???????
Percent of World Production in
1913
40
36
35
Percent of World Production in
1870
32
30
26
25
23
19
20
16
14
15
13
10
10
6
2
5
3
0
Great Britain
United States
Germany
France
Belgium
Rest of World
Effects of Industrialization During
the 19th Century
Q: What is Industrialization?
A: When workers and immigrants from other countries
moved into urban areas (cities) and began to work in
the factories. This began in the US in the 1870’s.
*During the years after the Civil War, people began to
move to the cities.
1850’s: 1 in 5 people lived in the city
1915: half of all people lived in the city
Rural vs. Urban vs. Suburban
• rural: farm area
• urban: city area
• suburban: area located on the outskirts of the
cities
Effect #1: Cities Grew
1. Farmers move to the city
a. Find jobs
b. Have better lives
2. Immigrants come to the cities
a. Most immigrants settled in the city
b. Settled together in the cities
3. This created many problems
a. overcrowding
b. poor housing
c. poor sanitation/dirty
d. rise in crime
Rural and Urban U.S. Population, 1860,
1900, 1920
90
80
70
1860
60
1900
50
1920
40
30
20
10
0
% Rural
% Urban
Effect #2: US economy became
the best
1. immigrants worked AND bought
stuff
2. improvements in transportation and
communication
3. better technology: machines
4. new business processes: modern
corporation
5. tariffs
Effect #3: Workplace changes
1. Before IR: small business.
Everyone knew each other
2. During IR: large factories
and Corporations. Many people
operated machines
Working Conditions Change
• 1. fierce competition for jobs (immigrants, child labor
• 2. layoffs
• 3. low pay, long hours, unsafe conditions
4. dangerous machines
5. dark and dangerous factories
6. little or no benefits, unemployment, or disability
7. no worker’s compensation
8. Women and Child Workers
– a. women
• increased
• had to work to make end’s meat
• made 1/2 of what men made
– b. children
• increased
• worked for less money
• dangerous conditions
• child labor laws passed (ignored at first)
Effect #4: Living Conditions
1. housing: tenement houses--
crowded apartment buildings where many
people lived during the Industrial Revolution
2. no or poor sewers/water
3. dirty and diseases spread
4. high crime
Industrialization and the Rise of the
Modern Corporation
• Q: What is an entrepreneur?
• A. Someone who starts up their own business
• Q: What is a corporation?
• A: New businesses needed money (capital) to start up.
A corporation was one way to get that capital.
Corporations sell shares of their business, called stock,
to the public. If the company does well, stockholders
earn a profit.
• Examples: railroads, Standard Oil, General Electric
Businesses Compete
• Business leaders looked for ways to make more
profit
– A. wanted less competition
– B. Examples: Oil, coal, and steel industries
• 1. Create monopoly (when there is no
competition in a business) or trusts
–combined many small companies into 1
large company = less competition =
charge higher prices = more $$$$$$$$$
Examples of Monopolies
1. J. Pierpont Morgan
• A great organizer
• Bought many
businesses, including
Carnegie Steel
• Controlled many RR’s
• Worth billions
• Banking mogul
Andrew Carnegie
• Childhood
A. Poor
B. Educated himself
C. Became millionaire
• Steel monopoly
• Gave a lot away
A. Colleges
B. Libraries
• Pittsburgh
John Rockefeller and Standard Oil
Company
A. ambitious
B. great organizer
C. Cleveland
1. great place to start oil business
a.
b.
• D.
•
•
by a lake
many railroads
Monopoly in oil refineries
1. 1st in Cleveland
2. bought others in
other areas
Laissez-Faire
• Q: What is laissez-faire?
• A: The government allows business owners to do as they
choose
• Laissez-faire allowed for:
– 1. no gov. regulation of business
– 2. wages and working conditions were unregulated
– 3. no environmental regulations to control pollution
– 4. allowed for the rise of monopolies
Do You Agree With Laissez-Faire???
Pros
• Gov. can’t tell owner what to do
• Business owner would make more money
Cons
• Gov. could shut business down if they did bad things
(unsafe, pollution, etc.)
• have to make business safer
• better working conditions (higher pay, shorter hours,
insurance, etc)
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which
of the following was not an effect of the
Industrial Revolution?
• A. An increasing number of people
worked on family farms
• B. An increasing number of people lived
in cities
• C. An increasing number of people
worked in factories
• D. An increasing number of people left
the family farms
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Base Test March 2005) One
effect of industrialization in the United
States in the late 19th century was
• A. a decrease in immigration to the
United States
• B. an increase in demand for
handicraft goods
• C. a decrease in child labor
• D. an increase in urbanization
OGT Short Answer
• Why did corporations favor laissez-faire
policies?
Section 2: Improved Farming
Technology
Content Elaboration: Mechanized farming also
transformed the American economy. Production
was made more efficient as machines replaced
human labor.
On the Farm
• Technology: modernized the farms
1. Railroads
A. Transport goods
B. Transcontinental—1869 (railroad that stretched
all the way across the United States)
C. By 1900, several transcontinental RR’s
D. 1880: 93,000 miles of track
E. 1900: 193,000 miles of track
New Invention Help Farmers
a. 1875--refrigerated railroad cars
b. McCormick reaper
c. thresher
d. steel-tipped plow
e. combines (reap, thresh, and clean grain)
f. fertilizer
***All of these allowed farmers to grow more
crops with less labor in a short period of time.
Food could also be transported all over the
country!
The McCormick Reaper
OGT Extended Response
• The Industrial Revolution brought
about major changes not only in cities,
but in rural America as well. Explain
two ways farming changed as a result
of the Industrial Revolution. (4 points)
OGT Extended Response
• How did agricultural tools and
machines invented in the 19th century
make it possible for American cities to
grow rapidly in the late 1800’s. (4
points)
OGT Extended Response
• _____ (Base Test March 2005) During the
Industrial Revolution of the late 19th
century, farmers in the United States
worked to increase their land holdings
and modernize their equipment. A lasting
effect of these changes was
• A. higher prices for crops
• B. increased rural population density
• C. a shortage of land for farming
• D. greater productivity of farming
Section 3: New Technology in
Factories
Content Elaboration: New technologies (e.g.,
mechanized assembly line, electric motors) made
factory production more efficient and allowed for
larger industrial plants. Some of the technological
innovations that transformed the American economy
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries include the
telephone, phonograph, incandescent light bulb,
washing machine, skyscraper, automobile, and
airplane.
New Innovations
Research a new innovation of the Industrial
Revolution.
A.
B.
C.
Explain the innovation.
Who was the inventor?
How did this innovation change people’s
lives?
Use the link below, or use a different source if you
want.
http://americanhistory.about.com/library/charts/blchartindrev.htm