Agriculture, Development and Economy
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Transcript Agriculture, Development and Economy
Agriculture, Industrialization and
Development
Agriculture
• Commercial Agriculture
– Intensive vs. Extensive
– Sustainable agriculture
• Subsistence Agriculture
• Agricultural Revolutions
– 1st, 2nd, 3rd (Green Revolution)
• von Thunen Model
– milkshed
Agriculture
• Debt-for-nature
swap
• Planned Economy
• Collective Farm
• Suitcase Farm
• “Tragedy of the
commons”
• Aquaculture
Industrialization and Development
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Human Development Index
GDI
Self-Sufficiency Model
International Trade Model (Rostow’s Model)
Dependency Theory
– Core-Periphery Model
– World Systems Theory
School of Thought
Time Period
Main Ideas
Real World Strategies
Modernization
1940s-1960s
•Progressive stages of economic
growth
Economic structural change
Trickle-down economics
Investment
Technology transfer
Large scale industrialization projects
Dependency
1970s
Human welfare
Core-periphery model
Circular and cumulative causation
Nationalization
Bottom-up economics
Small-scale and rural enterprises
Import substitution
Neocolonialism
Neoliberal Counterrevolution
1980s
Free market economics
Transition economies
Privatization
Foreign direct investment
Reduced role of the state
Free trade
Currency devaluation
Sustainable Development
1990s
Global environmental change
Environmental economics
Women and development
Children and development
Partnership with developed
countries
Market mechanisms for
environmental regulation
Resource conservation
Renewable resources
Loans to women and very poor
(microcredit)
Women’s and children’s rights
Appropriate technology
Figure 7.7
Industrialization and Development
• Situation factors
– Bulk reducing
– Bulk gaining
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Site factors
Weber’s least cost theory
Industrial Regions
Deindustrialization
Footloose Industry
Manufacturing Regions
Fig. 11-3: The world’s major manufacturing regions are found in North America, Europe, and
East Asia. Other manufacturing centers are also found elsewhere.
Industrial Regions of North America
Fig. 11-4: The major industrial regions of North America are clustered in the northeast U.S. and
southeastern Canada, although there are other important centers.
Manufacturing
Centers in
Western Europe
Fig. 11-6: The major manufacturing centers
in Western Europe extend in a
north-south band from Britain
to Italy.
Industrialization and Development
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NAFTA
Entrepot
Outsourcing
International division of labor
Maquiladoras