Transcript Agriculture, Development and Economy

Agriculture, Industrialization and
Development
Agriculture
• Commercial Agriculture
– Intensive vs. Extensive
– Sustainable agriculture
• Subsistence Agriculture
• Agricultural Revolutions
– 1st, 2nd, 3rd (Green Revolution)
• von Thunen Model
– milkshed
Agriculture
• Debt-for-nature
swap
• Planned Economy
• Collective Farm
• Suitcase Farm
• “Tragedy of the
commons”
• Aquaculture
Industrialization and Development
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Human Development Index
GDI
Self-Sufficiency Model
International Trade Model (Rostow’s Model)
Dependency Theory
– Core-Periphery Model
– World Systems Theory
School of Thought
Time Period
Main Ideas
Real World Strategies
Modernization
1940s-1960s
•Progressive stages of economic
growth
Economic structural change
Trickle-down economics
Investment
Technology transfer
Large scale industrialization projects
Dependency
1970s
Human welfare
Core-periphery model
Circular and cumulative causation
Nationalization
Bottom-up economics
Small-scale and rural enterprises
Import substitution
Neocolonialism
Neoliberal Counterrevolution
1980s
Free market economics
Transition economies
Privatization
Foreign direct investment
Reduced role of the state
Free trade
Currency devaluation
Sustainable Development
1990s
Global environmental change
Environmental economics
Women and development
Children and development
Partnership with developed
countries
Market mechanisms for
environmental regulation
Resource conservation
Renewable resources
Loans to women and very poor
(microcredit)
Women’s and children’s rights
Appropriate technology
Figure 7.7
Industrialization and Development
• Situation factors
– Bulk reducing
– Bulk gaining
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Site factors
Weber’s least cost theory
Industrial Regions
Deindustrialization
Footloose Industry
Manufacturing Regions
Fig. 11-3: The world’s major manufacturing regions are found in North America, Europe, and
East Asia. Other manufacturing centers are also found elsewhere.
Industrial Regions of North America
Fig. 11-4: The major industrial regions of North America are clustered in the northeast U.S. and
southeastern Canada, although there are other important centers.
Manufacturing
Centers in
Western Europe
Fig. 11-6: The major manufacturing centers
in Western Europe extend in a
north-south band from Britain
to Italy.
Industrialization and Development
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NAFTA
Entrepot
Outsourcing
International division of labor
Maquiladoras