Transcript The Industrial Revolution - California State University

The Industrial
Revolution
What Makes the Industrial
Revolution Different?

Other civilizations massively embraced
technological solutions to social and
economic problems in the past?



Roman engineering—bridges, sewers
China – iron industry of Song Dynasty—
silk manufacture, porcelain, textiles,
paper
Technology and business/capitalism
New Technology - Bottlenecks






John Kay—Flying Shuttle
(1733)
James Hargreaves—Spinning Jenny
(1764)
Samuel Cromptom— “The Mule” (1779)
Edmund Cartwright—Power Loom (1775)
[James Watt and John Wilkinson – Steam
Engine (1775)]
Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin (1793)
New Technology
New Bottleneck is Factory
problems

Factory location because of
Factory size.

Fuel problems
England was running out of wood
 Coal accumulated water in the
mines so that pumps had to be
used

Engines





Thomas Savery—1698
Thomas Newcomen—1705
John Wilkinson -- boring mill in 1774
James Watt -- steam engine in 1775
George Stephenson came up with the “The
Iron Horse” in 1829
The Industrial Revolution

Has its main effects from 17801850:
Time of transformation of work
 From hand to machine
 From rural areas to cities
 Created social classes

Workers, the Proletariat
 The Middle Class, Factory Owners,
the Bourgeoisie
 Changed family life

Changes which occurred because
of the Industrial Revolution




Migration to
industrialized
nations
Changed way of
buying and selling
Creation of new
leisure activities
Transferred
balance of power
toward
industrialized
countries
Why ENGLAND?

Science most
advanced

Protestantism

Agricultural
Revolution
most
advanced in
England
England and the Consequences
of the Industrial Revolution

Technology used to transform means of
war

1851—England produced 2/3 of the world’s
coal.

England produced ½ the world’s iron and
cotton.

Problems in factories

Standard of living?
The Zollverein