Transcript THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND LONG-TERM IMPACTS
What was the Industrial
Revolution?

New manufacturing process that used machines
(rather than humans)

Revolutionized mass production from 1820 to 1840

Started with textiles

Increased production, lowered costs of goods, led to
new technologies

Essential question: did the Industrial Revolution have
a more positive or more negative impact on life?
New Changes

Recap: what was the economy based on
before the Industrial Rev?

Predict: how would the Industrial Rev change
that?
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
THINGS GOT REALLY BAD REALLY QUICKLY
Urbanization

Urbanization
 Movement
jobs
to cities for
 Overcrowding
 Tenement
homes
 Slums
 No
sanitation, limited
running water, electricity,
disease rampant
 Short
life expectancies
Working Conditions and Wages

Factory system
 Less
skilled (no more apprenticeships or masters)
 Conditions
 ….coal
 Long
 Not
were dirty, dangerous, and unhealthy
mines, anyone?
hours (12-16 hrs)
paid well (women and children less than men
for same work)
Child Labor
Child Labor

Earned 10% of an adult male’s wage

Those late for work were severely punished

They were hit with straps to work faster

Some children were dipped head first into a water cistern if
they became drowsy

Talking to other children was forbidden

Accidents were commonplace

A visitor to Manchester commented that he had seen so many
people in the streets without arms and legs that it was like "living
in the midst of the army just returned from a campaign."
Worker’s Ages in Cotton Mills
Age
Under 11
11-16
17-21
22-26
27-31
32-36
37-41
42-46
47-51
52-56
57-61
Male
246
1169
736
612
355
215
168
98
88
41
28
Female
155
1123
1240
780
295
100
81
38
23
4
3
Horrible Histories
“Victorian Work Song”
https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=zF_U4VG
l1Jk
Women in the Workforce

Factory jobs to support their family

Paid half or a third of an adult male’s salary
Social Hierarchy Shift

Ownership of land
no longer most
important factor

Industrial
capitalists (factory
owners)

Engineers,
managers,
shopkeepers

Urban poor (factory
workers)
Imperialism

Countries needed more raw materials to fuel the
growing Industrial Revolution and demand by
the people

Where will they go?
 Southeast
Asia
 Africa

How will they treat their new colonies?
 Direct
control versus indirect control
 Feared
rebellion; more strict control
How did people respond to the changes
and abuses of the Industrial Revolution?

With a partner, predict demands and reforms
ask by each of the following social groups:
 Women
 Children
 Wages
 Factory
 Living
conditions
conditions
How did people respond?

Britain passed
child labor and
women labor laws

Reformers
regulated living
and working
conditions

Workers formed
unions
How did people respond?
 Growing
gap between rich
and poor made people mad
 Socialism
and communism
 Government
the economy
Vs
controls and plans
Adam Smith’s capitalism
LONG-TERM EFFECTS
ENOUGH DEPRESSING STUFF; LET’S DISCUSS HAPPY IMPACTS
Leisure
By the 1900s, more
money + more free time
= more fun!
 Parks
 Circuses
 Sports—football
 Bicycles
 Libraries
 Operas, theaters &
museums

Realism and Romanticism
Health & Welfare

Smallpox vaccine

Penicillin

Antiseptics

Salvation
Army
Closure

Respond to one of the two following short-response
prompts:

Do you think we’re undergoing a new revolution?


What would it be called?

How will it impact society?

What will history books write about your generation?
Did the Industrial Revolution have more positive or
negative consequences?

Were the short-term atrocities negated by the long-term impacts?

Would communism have been as wide-spread