Transcript The Arab/Israeli Conflict

The Arab/Israeli Conflict
Lecture Analysis
• Guiding Question: What has caused the conflict
between Israel and the Arab countries?
• Analyze the following lecture as though it were a
primary source
– Take notes and summarize what it has to say about
the guiding question
– Identify bias
– Put it in context
– Identify subtext
• Historical background
– Jews lived in the area now occupied by Israel and the
Palestinian Territories up until 70 CE
• Prior to the Common Era, there were a series of Jewish kingdoms
that were conquered by various powers
• Around the beginning of the Common Era, the Roman Empire
controlled the area
• A series of revolts, beginning around 66 CE, resulted in the Jewish
Temple being destroyed and the Jewish people being expelled
from the area
•
Historical background
– Jews lived in the area now occupied by Israel and the Palestinian Territories up until 70 CE
• Prior to the Common Era, there were a series of Jewish kingdoms that were conquered by various powers
• Around the beginning of the Common Era, the Roman Empire controlled the area
• A series of revolts, beginning around 66 CE, resulted in the Jewish Temple being destroyed and the Jewish
people being expelled from the area
– After the first century CE, Jews lived in a diaspora
• Diaspora: a population that has been scattered around the world
• Many lived in Europe, where they suffered regular persecution
– This culminated in the Holocaust, where nearly 6 million Jews were
murdered
•
Historical background
– Jews lived in the area now occupied by Israel and the Palestinian Territories up until 70 CE
• Prior to the Common Era, there were a series of Jewish kingdoms that were conquered by various powers
• Around the beginning of the Common Era, the Roman Empire controlled the area
• A series of revolts, beginning around 66 CE, resulted in the Jewish Temple being destroyed and the Jewish people being
expelled from the area
– After the first century CE, Jews lived in a diaspora
• Diaspora: a population that has been scattered around the world
• Many lived in Europe, where they suffered regular persecution
– This culminated in the Holocaust, where nearly 6 million Jews were murdered
– In the 1800’s, a movement began in Europe called Zionism
• Goal was to create a
Jewish country in the
same place as their
old homeland
• Promoted Jewish
immigration to what
was then called
Palestine and
pressured the
governments of
Europe and the US to
support the creation
of a Jewish country
• The Creation of the State of Israel
– Jewish immigration to Palestine increased steadily in
the early 20th century
• Particularly increased as the Nazis rose to power in Europe
• Sometimes bought land from absentee landowners (people
living in Istanbul or Cairo that owned land in Palestine and
collected rent from generations of Palestinians
•
The Creation of the State of Israel
– Jewish immigration to Palestine increased steadily in the early 20th century
• Particularly increased as the Nazis rose to power in Europe
• Sometimes bought land from absentee landowners (people living in
Istanbul or Cairo that owned land in Palestine and collected rent from
generations of Palestinians)
– By 1947, approximately 32% of
the population of Palestine was
Jewish
• The UN created a plan to divide up
Palestine into a Jewish and an
Arab state
• Accepted by most of the Jewish
population and leadership
• Rejected by most Arabs who
wanted all of the territory as an
Arab state
– Palestinians felt that, since they had
been there for centuries and were
the majority, they should get the
land
•
The Creation of the State of Israel
– Jewish immigration to Palestine increased steadily in the early
20th century
• Particularly increased as the Nazis rose to power in Europe
• Sometimes bought land from absentee landowners
(people living in Istanbul or Cairo that owned land in
Palestine and collected rent from generations of
Palestinians)
– By 1947, approximately 32% of the population of Palestine was
Jewish
• The UN created a plan to divide up Palestine into a Jewish
and an Arab state
• Accepted by most of the Jewish population and leadership
• Rejected by most Arabs who wanted all of the territory as
an Arab state
– Palestinians felt that, since they had been there for
centuries and were the majority, they should get
the land
– In May of 1948 the British,
who had controlled the area
since WWI, pulled their
troops out
• The Jewish People’s Council
declared the establishment of a
Jewish state, the State of Israel
• The Arab-Israeli Wars
– The first Arab Israeli war
began when the State of
Israel was established in
1948
• Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria,
and Lebanon, along with
Palestinian forces, did
not recognize the new
Jewish state and attacked
• Israel, with European
military training and
weapons, drove back the
Arab armies and
expanded their original
territory
•
The Arab-Israeli Wars
– The first Arab Israeli war began when the State of Israel was
established in 1948
• Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, along with
Palestinian forces, did not recognize the new Jewish
state and attacked
• Israel, with European military training and weapons,
drove back the Arab armies and expanded their
original territory
– The Six-Day War occurred in
1967
• Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq had
been threatening to attack Israel
• Israel carried out a preemptive
strike that destroyed the air forces
of all the Arab armies, leading to an
Israeli victory within 6 days
• By the end of the fighting, the
Israelis had further expanded their
territory
– Took control of the Palestinian
Territories (The West Bank and the
Gaza Strip), the Sinai Peninsula, and
the Golan Heights
•
The Arab-Israeli Wars
– The first Arab Israeli war began when the State of Israel was
established in 1948
• Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, along with
Palestinian forces, did not recognize the new Jewish
state and attacked
• Israel, with European military training and weapons,
drove back the Arab armies and expanded their
original territory
– The Six-Day War occurred in 1967
• Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq had been threatening to
attack Israel
• Israel carried out a preemptive strike that destroyed
the air forces of all the Arab armies, leading to an
Israeli victory within 6 days
• By the end of the fighting, the Israelis had further
expanded their territory
– Took control of the Palestinian Territories (The
West Bank and the Gaza Strip), the Sinai
Peninsula, and the Golan Heights
– The Yom Kippur War occurred in 1973
• Arab countries, led by Egypt and Syria,
launched a surprise attack on Israel on
the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur
• As part of their cold war strategies, the
US supplied military aide to the Israelis
while the Soviet Union did the same for
the Arabs
• Israel halted the Arab armies, then
succeeded in pushing them back beyond
the original lines before the US and the
Soviet Union brokered a ceasefire