Transcript Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Adopted from Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Zionism
 GOALS:
The spiritual and
political renewal of
the Jewish people
in its ancestral
homeland of
Palestine.
 Freedom from
Western anti-Semitism.
Theodore Herzl
1860-1904
T he Middle East in 1914
Sykes-Picot A greement, 1916
T he Arab Revolt: 1916-1918
British Promise to the Jews:
Balfour Declaration, 1917
Sir Arthur James Balfour
Br. Foreign Secretary
His Majesty’s Government
views with favor the
establishment in Palestine
of a national home for the
Jewish people and will use
their best endeavors to
facilitate the achievement
of this object, it being
clearly understood that
nothing shall be done
which may prejudice the
civil and religious rights of
existing non-Jewish
communities in Palestine…
T he League of Nations Mandates
Oil Discovered in Mesopotamia!
 First discovered on Masjid-I Suleiman in Persia
in 1908.
 Turkish-Petroleum Co. [TPC] founded in 1911 
drill for oil in Mosul, Mesopotamia.
 Britain signed a secret agreement with the sheikh
of Kuwait who, while outwardly pledging
allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul,
promised exclusive oil rights to the British.
 Kuwait became a British protectorate in
November, 1914.
 In 1927, oil was struck in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the
Iraq Petroleum Co. [IPC] was created.
Oil Becomes the New International
“Coin of the Realm!”
 American oil companies
[Texaco & Chevron], gain
oil concessions in Bahrain
in 1929.
 In 1933, American oil
companies win an oil
concession in Saudi Arabia.
 ARAMCO [Arab-American
Oil Co,] is created in 1939.
Essential Question:
How did Britain’s actions
in Palestine after 1918 lay
the groundwork for the
on-going conflict between
the Jews and the Arabs in
the Middle East today?
Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920

In 1920, there
was 1 Jew to
every 10 Arabs in
Palestine.

By 1947, the ratio
was 2 Arabs for
every Jew.
The Arabs felt that
they were loosing
control of their
“country!”
British
Mandate in
Palestine
Created
July, 1922
Jewish Settlements:
T he Kibbutz System
 First one founded in 1908.
 Communal living.
 “Make the Desert
Bloom!”
T he Peel
Commission
Partition
Plan, 1937
Hitler’s
“Final
Solution”
The Jewish population in each country in 1942.
Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish
Immigration
Aliyah Bet
 Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine.
 The Exodus, 1947.
Palestine
Population
in 1946
Jewish “Freedom Fighters”
(or “Terrorists”?)
Irgun Zvai Leumi
[Natl. Military Org.]
Avraham Stern &
The Stern Gang
U. N. Partition Plan of 1947
Israel Becomes a Nation:
May 14, 1948
Chaim Weizmann,
1st President
David Ben-Gurion,
1st Prime Minister
War Begins!: May 15, 1948
Arab Refugees, 1948
The Palestinian Diaspora begins!
Armistice Signed, 1949
Israel:
1947
&
Israel:
1949
Palestinian Refugees
Palestinian Diaspora
Six-Day War (1967)
 UN Resolution 242
 UN Resolution 338
Palestine Liberation Organization
Yassir Arafat
Camp David Accords (1979)
President
Anwar Sadat
of Egypt
President
Jimmy Carter
of the U. S.
Prime Minister
Menachem Begin
Of Israel
Camp David Accords (1979)
Palestinian Intifada-Part I
(1987-1993)
Palestinian Intifada-Part I
(1987-1993)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%
E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict