Transcript Israel: How It Got Complicated Zionism, Mandates & World Wars

Israel: How It Got Complicated
Zionism, Mandates & World Wars
Should Israel Give Up Land in Exchange for
Peace?
What have we learned thus far?
• Anti-Semitism runs deep
• Persecution
• Scapegoating
• Outsider Status
Theodor Herzl’s Zionism
• Goal:
• A Jewish nation in Palestine
• “Next Year in Jerusalem”
• Why?
• Escape Anti-Semitism in the
West
• Trigger event?
• Dreyfus Affair
• Emile Zola exposes
corruption
• Divides Europe
WW1 makes it Complicated…
• Ottoman Empire v.
Allies in Middle East
• Arabs help Allies
defeat Ottoman
Empire
• Why?
TE Lawrence
WW1 makes it Complicated…
• Hussein – McMahon Letters (1915)
• GB agrees to give land to Arabs lost by OE
• GB agrees to Arab independence
• Misunderstanding: Palestine “pure” Arab
or not?
• Sykes – Picot Secret Agreement (1916)
• GB + France “spheres of influence” in
Middle East
• Balfour Declaration (1917)
• GB supports a Jewish homeland in
Palestine
Post – WW1 Mandates… More Complications
• Arabs disappointed b/c Mandates = GB + French control
The British
Mandate:
Created 1922
Palestine +
Transjordan
1920s Jewish Immigration… Complications
• In 1920: 10 Arabs
to 1 Jew
• 1947: 2 Arabs to
1 Jew
• Jews settlements
formed “kibbutz
system” =
communal life
• Arabs felt they
were losing their
land!
Jewish Immigration To Palestine
1920s Jewish
Immigration >
Arab Riots 1929
• Izbah Al-Yahud!
• Slaughter All Jews!
• Afraid they were
losing their land
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1806
8223
8294
8685
8175
13892
34386
12855
3034
2178
5249
1930s Jewish Immigration
> Arab Riots 1936-39
• Arab Goals:
• End Jewish
immigration to
Palestine
• Stop land sales to
Jews
• Create a new
elective
government
Jewish Immigration To Palestine
1930
4944
1931
4075
1932
12533
1933
37337
1934
45267
1935
66472
1936
29595
Arab Riots lead to
Peel Commission
Partition Plan
1937…
A Solution?
Rejected!
British White Paper 1939…
Complications
• Limited Jewish Immigration
to 75k over next 5 years
• Ended Jewish land
purchases
• Palestinian Independence
within 10 years
• GB Policy Change
• Palestine NOT to be a
Jewish State
Essential Question:
How did Great Britain’s actions in
Palestine contribute to conflict
between Jews and Arabs?
Answer this Q in a well-written
Paragraph
WW2 Erupts 1939! Nazi Germany Attacks!
• GB creates the “Arab Legion”
to fight Nazis & their allies
• GB creates “Jewish Brigade”
to fight Nazis & their allies
Hitler’s
“Final Solution”
= genocide!
the Jewish
population circa
1942
Nazi
Concentration
&
Extermination
Camps
The Nazi Holocaust: 6 Million Jews murdered
plus others…
WW2 Ends, Nazis Defeated… Now What?
Where can the Jewish Refugees / Displaced Persons go?
Aliyah Bet:
Illegal Jewish
Immigration
1940s
Palestine Population
1946
Red = Palestinians
Blue = Jews
Aliyah Bet: Illegal Jewish Immigration 1940s
• Illegal Jewish
immigration to
Palestine
• SS Exodus 1947
• GB refuses
Jews entry into
Palestine
• Mass Protests
British Detention Camps: Cyprus 1946-48
• Jews
intercepted
& denied
access to
Palestine
Jewish “Freedom Fighters” or “Terrorists?”
Irgun Zvai Leumi
[Natl. Military Org.]
Avraham Stern &
The Stern Gang
The Underground
The Underground
UN Partition Plan
1947
•Arab nations
Reject the Plan!
•Arabs do not
believe Jews
should be
allowed a State!
Israel Declares Independence: May, 14, 1948
Arab-Israeli War:
May 15, 1948
•5 Arab Nations
Attack Israel
•Israelis WIN!!!
•Israel established
but… neighbors
are hostile!
Palestinian Arab
Refugees 1948:
Palestinian
Diaspora
Arab-Israeli
Armistice
1949
• Jordan controls
West Bank
• Egypt controls
Gaza Strip
• Syria owns Golan
Heights
Six Day War 1967
• Israel anticipates
attack by Egypt
• Israel strikes 1st!
• Israel crushes Egypt
and seizes land!
• Gaza, Golan & West
Bank now Israeli
• More Arab &
Palestinian refugees!
Israel vs. PLO
• ’72 Munich Olympics
• Black September
• Terrorist Group
• Captures 11 Israeli
Athletes
• Murders all 11
• PLO & Yasir Arafat
• Demands a Palestinian
State
• Global Terror
• Hijack, assassinate,
bomb, murder
Yom Kippur War 1973
• Jewish Holy Day
• Israel attacked by Egypt & Syria
• Egypt and Syria catch Israelis
off-guard
• Israelis rally to win
• Israel withdraws from Sinai
• Other Borders remain
Peace Attempted
• Camp David Accords 1979
• Anwar Sadat (E)
+
Menachem Begin (Is)
• Israel gives back Sinai in xΔ for peace
• Egypt recognizes Israel
• Israel keeps Golan Hts
• Palestinian Rights guarantee
• Sadat assassinated 1981
Intifada: Palestinian Uprisings
• Intifada: ’87 - today
• Civil Disobedience
• Protests
• Uprisings
• Rocket attacks
• Pressure Israel to:
• Recognize Palestinian rights
• Create a Palestinian State
• Remove Jews from Gaza &
West Bank
Israeli Border Fence in West Bank
Peace Attempted… Again
• Oslo Accords 1993
• Yitzak Rabin (Is) + Yasir Arafat (PLO)
• Palestinian self-rule in Gaza + West Bank
• No more PLO Terror
• Israel can exist
• Terror continues
• Rabin assassinated ’95
• Current Debate
• Israeli Settlements in Gaza & West Bank?
Rights? Terror: Hamas? Hezbollah?
Essential Question:
Should Israel give up land in exchange for
peace?
Use your document evidence and class notes
to establish the case for both the YES and NO
responses