Transcript CHAPTER 9 NATIONALISM AND NATION BUILDING

Essential Question:
–Which was the more powerful force
during the Era of Good Feelings:
nationalism or sectionalism?
The Era of
Good Feelings
(1816-1825)
The Era of Good Feelings
 After the War of 1812, America experienced
an “Era of Good Feelings” characterized by:
– An extremely popular president
– The emergence of a 2nd generation of U.S.
leaders
– Dominance by the Republicans
– A surge in nationalism that united the
country & improved U.S. industry &
transportation
Monroe as President
He
appointed
Democrats,
Federalists,
Southerners,
James Monroe was elected president in 1816
Northerners to his cabinet; including Sec of State John
& 1820 with a clear Qset
of goals:
Adams
– To promote national unity
– To promote America’s power in the world
Republican dominance of the presidency &
Congress helped push through a series of new
laws
The Great Triumvirate
 By 1816, a wave of new leaders shaped the
antebellum era:
 Henry Clay (Republican, KY) :
– Represented the “West”
– Speaker of the House
– Proponent of national
economic
development
(“American System"
to promote industry
& markets
for farmers)
The Great Triumvirate
 By 1816, a new wave of leaders shaped the
antebellum era:
 John C. Calhoun (Republican, SC):
– Represented the “South”
– Sec of War; VP
– He was the nation's
leading
proponent
of states' rights (he
embraced nullification)
The Great Triumvirate
 By 1816, a new wave of leaders shaped the
antebellum
While theyera:
did not always agree,
this “Great
Triumvirate”
Daniel Webster
MA):
of Clay,(Whig,
Calhoun,
& Webster enthusiastically
supported national
economic development
– Represented
the “North”
– Congressman; Sec
of State
– Strong proponent of
nationalism & strong
critic of states' rights
Who else
are youAfter
going to
for?of
Politics
thevote
War
1812
The Dem-Repubs traditionally represented
limited gov’t, states' rights, & strict construction
But, without Federalist opposition, the DemRepubs adopted many traditionally Federalist
policies:
– National economic development
– A permanent army
– Transportation improvements
– A national university in D.C.
All were proposed
by Hamilton
&charter
opposed
by
st
1st significant
Jefferson
let
the
of
the
1
Henry
Clay’s
American
System
theexpire
1790s in 1811
protective tariff in Republicans in
BUS
U.S.
history

Henry
Clay’s American System in 1816
proposed the creation of:
– The 2nd Bank of the U.S. to stabilize U.S.
currency
Helped pave the way for future RR construction &
– Tariff of 1816
to Indian
promote
U.S. industry & limit
western
removal
the importation of British manufactured
goods
– A nat’l system of roads & canals
The “American System” helped unify North,
South, & West
Judicial Nationalism
John Marshall (1801-1835) used the Supreme
Court to strengthen the power of the national
gov’t:
– Exerted the power of the national gov’t over
the states
– Rejected the claim that states could check
powers of the national gov’ t
– Affirmed the loose construction argument of
the elastic clause
Judicial Nationalism
Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819): gov’t cannot
interfere with contracts between private parties
McCullough v. Maryland (1819): Congress
possesses powers not explicitly stated in
Constitution; Congressional laws are supreme
to decisions made by the states
Gibbons v. Odgen (1824): interstate commerce
is power reserved for national gov’t
President Monroe
& Sec ofForeign
State JQPolicy
Adams developed a
Nationalist
nationalist foreign policy agenda
The Convention of 1818 set the US/Canada
border (1817):
set at theto49º
Rush-Bagot Treaty
avoid conflicts along the Great
Lakes, the U.S. agreed not to take Canada & Britain not to
invade the U.S
Nationalist Foreign Policy
Monroe & JQ Adams turned their attention to
acquiring Florida:
Also, Spain assumed Florida would
eventually
be himself
annexed to end
– Andrew Jackson took
it upon
Indian
from Spanish
U.S. attacks
agreed to on
payGeorgia
Spain $5 million
& renounced
claims to Texas
Florida
– Jackson’s military advances & U.S. success
in the War of 1812 helped force the AdamsOnis Treaty (1819) that ceded Florida &
Oregon to U.S.
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
Nationalist Foreign Policy
The U.S. will protect Latin American
Whenindependence
Latin American nations revolted against
Spain,The
theU.S.
U.S.
supported
the new
republics:
will
act independently
& will
protect
its sphere
of influence
– European powers
disliked
these liberal
rebellions & were tempted to re-conquer
them
– Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European
nations to stay out of the Western
Hemisphere & the U.S. will not interfere in
Europe
Sectionalism in the
Era of Good Feelings
The endSettlement
of the War ofof
1812 unleashed a rush of
pioneers into the western
territories
Many settled in the West to
the Trans-Mississippi
escape overpopulation, rising
land prices, & worn-out soil in
the East
The 2nd BUS made credit available
for farmers to purchase land
Settlement
of the
Trans-Mississippi
By 1810,
1/7th of the U.S.
population
lived in the West; By
rd lived in the West
1840
over
1/3
Congress quickly admitted 5 states to
the Union:
Indiana (1816)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
Sectional Disputes
The Era of Good Feelings started with a wave
of national unity, but sectional disputes
between the North & South emerged & would
dominate politics for next 40 years
– Disagreed over the use of protective tariffs,
especially when cotton prices fell in 1820s
– Disagreed over slavery in the western
territories & states
Population was growing
more Compromise
rapidly in North, so House of
Missouri
Reps favored Northerners
In 1817, Missouri applied for statehood as a
slave state & revealed U.S. sectional rivalries:
NY
rep
Tallmadge
wanted
Missouri
only
if
its
state
– North resented Southern control of
constitution provided for the gradual elimination of
presidency & its 3/5-inflated
representation in
slavery
House of Reps
– South feared a Northern conspiracy to end all
slavery
– Equality had been maintained by alternating
admission of “free” & “slave” states added to
the US
American Slave Population, 1790-1820
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri Compromise (1820):
– Missouri became a slave state
– Maine (which broke from Mass) was admitted
as free state
– Slavery was banned elsewhere in the
Louisiana Purchase above the latitude of
36°30'
The Missouri controversy exposed a deep rift
between North & South
Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821
Conclusions
The “Era of Good Feelings” led to:
– An improved American economy
– Better transportation
– More territory & more clearly-defined borders
– A foreign policy in Latin America
– But…sectional problems between the North &
South
Discussion Questions
Both Alexander Hamilton & John Marshall
were Federalists who believed in a strong
national gov’t. Who was more influential in
shaping American history? Explain
Which policy will be more important in U.S.
history: Monroe’s foreign OR domestic policy?
Essential Question:
–How did U.S. foreign policy change from
the presidencies of Washington to
Monroe?