Transcript READING THE PERIODIC TABLE

READING THE PERIODIC
TABLE
Groups
Groups or families are vertical columns.
Elements that are aligned in the same
groups have similar properties. There are
18 groups.
Family Names
Group 1 – Alkali Metals
Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 3-12 – Transition Metals
Group 17 – Halogens
Group 18 – Noble Gases
Periods
Periods are horizontal rows on the periodic
table. Periods represent how many energy
levels each atom of an element contains.
There are 7 periods.
Metals
• About 80% of the elements on the periodic
table are metals.
• Characteristics of Metals: have luster or
shine, conductors of heat and
electricity malleable (can be hammered
into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn
into fine wires)
Nonmetals
• Elements located to the right of the “step”
• Characteristics of Nonmetals: do not
possess a metallic luster, are poor
conductors of heat and electricity, and are
neither malleable or ductile
Semimetals or Metalloids
• Elements that have characteristics of both
metals and nonmetals (elements that
touch the “step” EXCEPT Aluminum)
Electron Configurations and the
Period Table
• Valence electrons – are the atom’s
outermost electrons that occupy the
highest principal level (They are largely
responsible for an atom’s chemical
behavior.) The elements in a group have
similar properties because they have
valence electrons in similar configurations.
Blocks of Elements
• The s-block elements consist of the Alkali and
Alkaline –Earth Metals. (Groups 1 and 2)
• The p-block elements consist of the elements in
Groups 13-18, which include the Halogens
(Group 17) and Noble Gases (Group 18).
• The d-block elements consist of the Transition
Metals. (Groups 3-12)
• The f-block elements consist of the InnerTransition Metals (Lanthanides and Actinides.)