Transcript Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Metals, Nonmetals,
and Metalloids
What two types of
properties are
typically used to
describe something?
 Physical
 Chemical
How would you
describe a metal?
Physical properties
 Shininess
 Malleability
 Malleable material can be hammered or
rolled into flat shapes
 Ductility
 ductile material can be pulled out into wire
 Conductivity: ability to transfer heat or
electricity
Chemical properties
 how reactive something is
 Reactivity: ease and speed that an
element combines with other elements
 Metals usually react by losing electrons
to other atoms
 Very reactive metal: sodium
 Not very reactive: platinum, gold
Reactivity of metals
 Most metals fall in the middle of sodium
and gold
 Example: iron reacts slowly with oxygen
 What does it form?
 This is corrosion: gradual wearing away of
a metal due to a chemical reaction
Groups of metals
 Columns in the periodic table
 Metals in the same group have similar
properties
 Reactivity tends to decrease as you
move left to right across periodic table
Important metal groups
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Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition metals
Metals in mixed groups
Lanthanides
Actinides
Assignment
 Read the section about your assigned
group of metals (p. 120-124)
 Come up with a way to teach the
important facts about this group to the
class
 Where it is on periodic table
 Properties (chemical and physical)
 Well-known examples and possible uses
 Possible ways to present: poster, song,
skit, PowerPoint, brief presentation
Synthetic elements
 Atomic numbers > 92
 Not found naturally on Earth – made
when nuclear particles are forced to
crash into each other
 Particle accelerators: machine that
moves nuclei of atoms faster and faster
until the crash into one another and
combine into one nucleus
 The greater the atomic number, the more
difficult the element is to synthesize
Nonmetals
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16 of them
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Reactive
10 gases, 5 solids, 1 liquid
2 gases make up most of the air we
breathe: can you name them?
 Nitrogen
 Oxygen
 One nonmetal is liquid at room
temperature: can you name it?
 Bromine (Br)
Solid nonmetals
 Dull (not shiny)
 Brittle (not ductile or malleable)
Chemical properties
 Most nonmetals are reactive (form
compounds easily)
 Flourine (F) is most reactive element
known
Families of nonmetals
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Carbon family
Nitrogen family
Oxygen family
Halogen family
Noble gases
Hydrogen (not a family)
 What group is your family?
 2-3 most important things you read about
this family
 Present these facts in the most
interesting way possible so your
classmates can remember them!