Transcript How is the Periodic Table organized?

Periodic Table Notes
How is the periodic
table organized?
The modern periodic
table was created by
Russian chemist,
Dmitri Mendeleev.
Elements on the
periodic table are
arranged from left to
right in order of
increasing atomic
number.
The most
reactive
elements are
at the top left
& the bottom
right of the
table.
Vertical columns
are called groups
(families)…
numbered 1-18.
Elements within a
group have similar
properties & contain
the same number of
valence electrons in
their outer energy
shell (level).
Valence
electrons
determine the
element’s
chemical
properties.
Horizontal row of
elements are
called periods.
Numbered 1-7.
Elements of the
same period pass
from a strong
metallic nature on
the left to a strong
nonmetallic nature
to the right.
The period
number tells
how many
energy levels
the element
has.
The element
farthest to the
right in a
period is a
noble gas with
a full outer
energy level.
METALS
• Found
to the left
of the zig-zag on
the periodic table.
• 75% of all elements
METALS
With the exception of
Mercury, all metals are
solid at room temperature.
• Reactive elements… able to
make alloys (combining 2 or
more different metals).
•
METALS
• Most
are good
conductors of
electricity & heat.
• Shiny luster- ability
of a substance to
reflect light.
METALS
• Some
are ductile- can
be drawn into wire.
• Some are malleablecan be hammered into
sheets without
breaking.
Examples of metals on the
periodic table…
Group 1- Alkali Metals
• Group 2- Alkaline Earth
Metals
• Groups 3-12- Transition
Metals
•
NONMETALS
• Found
to the right of
the zig-zag on the
periodic table.
• May be solid, liquid
or gas at room
temperature.
NONMETALS
• Reactive
elements…
gain electrons easily.
• Poor conductors of
electricity & heat.
NONMETALS
• Dull
luster- does
not reflect much
light.
• Brittle as solids.
(break easily)
**NON-METALS
Many are essential for
life, including
Carbon, Sulfur,
Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Phosphorus & Iodine
Examples of nonmetals on
the periodic table…
• Group
17Halogens
• Group 18- Noble
gases
METALLOIDS
• Share
properties of
both metals & nonmetals
• Found along the zigzag on the periodic
table.
Metalloids include:
Boron, silicon,
germanium,
arsenic, antimony,
tellurium, polonium
& astatine.