Slide 1

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 2

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 3

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 4

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 5

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 6

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 7

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 8

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 9

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 10

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 11

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 12

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 13

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 14

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 15

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 16

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 17

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 18

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead


Slide 19

5.3 The Periodic Table
(Pages 194- 206)
Homework: Page 206 # 3, 4, 5
Case Study Page 202 #1-3
Key Concepts: (Page 206)

• The modern periodic table is organized
according to the atomic numbers of the
elements.
• When the elements are arranged in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a regular
pattern in the properties of elements.
• The three main classes of elements are metals,
non-metals, and metalloids.

• Metals are usually solids at room
temperature, shiny, good conductors,
malleable and ductile.
• Nonmetals are usually gases or solids at
room temperature, not shiny, poor
conductors, brittle, and not ductile.
Metalloids share properties of both metals
and non-metals.

• Poisoning by metals in the environment is
a serious problem. Mercury contamination
of fish has severely affected the health
and traditional practices of aboriginal
peoples.
• In the periodic table, a period is a
horizontal row of elements. A group, or
family, is a vertical column of elements.

• Elements that are in the same group have
similar properties. Four major groups of
elements are the alkali metals, alkalineearth metals, halogens and the noble
gases.

1. What is an atomic mass?
• The average mass of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element.

2. Why did Mendeleev not consider the
number of subatomic particles as a
way to organize the elements?

• Mendeleev did not organize the
elements according to subatomic
particles since he did not know
about them as they were
discovered much later.

3. How is the modern periodic table
organized?

• The modern periodic table is
organized according to increasing
atomic number. The elements are
also grouped according to electron
shells (levels).

4. What are synthetic elements?
Where do you find the synthetic
elements in the periodic table?
• Synthetic elements are those elements
that have been made by scientists.
• The synthetic elements in the periodic
table are found amongst the elements
that have atomic numbers more than
93.

5. Copy down Table 5.2
MATERIAL

STATE AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE

APPEARANCE

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY
AND
DUCTILITY

Metals

Solid (except for
mercury, which is
a liquid)

Shiny

Good
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Malleable and
ductile

Non-metals

Some gases and
some solids
(except bromine,
which is a liquid)

Not very shiny

Poor
conductors of
heat and
electricity

Brittle and not
ductile

Periods and Groups in the
Periodic Table:
• The elements are arranged in horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
• The correct name for each vertical column is a
group.
• Elements in the same chemical family are located
in the same group.
• The horizontal rows are called periods.
• There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the periodic
table.

Chemical Family

Elements and Symbols

Alkali Metals

Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na),
Lithium (Li), Potassium (K)

Alkaline Earth Metals

Beryllium (Be), Calcium (Ca),
Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Halogens

Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br),
Astatine (At), Chlorine (Cl),
Iodine (I)

Noble Gases

Helium (He), Krypton (Kr),
Radon (Rn), Neon (Ne), Xenon (Xe)

The Invention of Chemical Symbols:
• The system of chemical symbols that we use
today was first proposed by the Swedish chemist
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
• This system was accepted all around the world.
It was accepted not only because it provided
symbols for all the known elements, but also
because it showed how to create symbols for
any new element that might be discovered later.

Language

Name of Element Symbol

English
French
German
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish

Hydrogen
Hydroge’ne
Wasserstoff
Idrogeno
Hidrogenio
Hidrogeno

H
H
H
H
H
H

Five Rules to Determine the
Symbols:
• Rule 1: The first letter of the name of the
element.
Examples:
Oxygen 0
Fluorine F

Hydrogen H
Nitrogen N

Carbon C
Boron B

Rule2: The first two letters of the
name of the element.
Examples:
Krypton Kr
Nickel Ni

Argon Ar
Beryllium Be

Lithium Li
Xenon Xe

Rule 3: The first letter and one later
letter of the name of the element.
Examples:

Manganese Mn
Magnesium Mg

Radon Rn
Chlorine Cl
Rubidium Rb Astatine At

Rule 4: Later elements- named after countries, continents,
scientists, place of discovery, or planets
Countries and Continents:
Americanium Am Europium Eu
Polonium Po
Francium Fr

Germanium Ge
Indium In

Place of discovery:
Californium Cf
Berkelium Bk
Name of scientists:
Einsteinium Es Fermium Ruthorfordium
Mendelevium
Name of a Planet:
Plutonium
Uranium
Mercury
Neptunium
_____________________________________

Rule 5 The seven metals known to the
ancients were called by their Latin names.
Examples:
Natrium
Kalium
Hydragyrum
Aurum
Argentum
Ferrum
Plumbum

(Na)
(K)
(Hg)
(Au)
(Ag)
(Fe)
(Pb)

Sodium
Potassium
Mercury
Gold
Silver
Iron
Lead